INTRODUCTIONOvarian carcinoma usually presents at an advanced stage with diffuse intraabdominal manifestations. We report a patient who presented with a right groin swelling.

CLINICAL PICTUREThe only clinical abnormality was an enlarged right inguinal lymph node (3 x 2 cm), for which excision biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed an enlarged left ovarian lesion (9.0 x 6.4 cm).

TREATMENT AND OUTCOMELaparotomy with total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy and partial omentectomy were performed. Histology confirmed left ovarian adenocarcinoma, consistent with the earlier histology of the right inguinal lymph node. There were no other sites of involvement. Postoperatively, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of FIGO Stage IIIc ovarian carcinoma and is clinically disease free 13 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSOvarian cancer presenting with inguinal lymph node metastases is uncommon. Ovarian cancer which manifests solely as a contralateral inguinal lymph node metastasis has not been previously reported. This case illustrates a rare presentation of ovarian carcinoma, and underscores the need to consider ovarian carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of women with inguinal lymphadenopathy.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Groin ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess habitual diets of multi-ethnic Malaysian children aged 7-12 years.

METHODSA total of 236 primary school children participated in the development of the FFQ and 209 subjects participated in the validation study, with a subsample of 30 subjects participating in the reproducibility study. The FFQ, consisting of 94 food items from 12 food groups, was compared with a three-day dietary record (3DR) as the reference method. The reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed through repeat administration (FFQ2), seven days after the first administration (FFQ1).

RESULTSThe results of the validation study demonstrated good acceptance of the FFQ. Mean intake of macronutrients in FFQ1 and 3DR correlated well, although the FFQ intake data tended to be higher. Cross-classification of nutrient intake between the two methods showed that < 7% of subjects were grossly misclassified. Moderate correlations noted between the two methods ranged from r = 0.310 (p < 0.001) for fat to r = 0.497 (p < 0.001) for energy. The reproducibility of the FFQ, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, ranged from 0.61 (protein) to 0.70 (energy, carbohydrates and fat). Spearman's correlations between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from rho = 0.333 (p = 0.072) for protein to rho = 0.479 (p < 0.01) for fat.

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that the FFQ is valid and reliable for measuring the average intake of energy and macronutrients in a population of multi-ethnic children aged 7-12 years in Malaysia.

Child ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Energy Intake ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Male ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires