The purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful to the training of hospice care members. For this study carried out to investigate the degree of death orientation of hospice care members. The subjects of study were 22 nurses, 85 clergies, 59 volunteers who registered on Hospice Education Programs. The data were analysed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Person's correlation coefficient. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The degree of death orientation were 85.95 in nurses group, 73.05 in clergies group, and 88.49 in volunteers group. So, clergies group has more positive death orientation than others. 2. The degree of death orientation showed significant differences between age group(F=4.62, p=.004), education program group(F=27.25, p=.000), and religiosity(t=3.77, p=.000). There were no significant differences between the degree of death orientation and the others general characteristics of hospice care members. In conclusion, the urgent need for educational preparation of death orientation and spiritual care of hospice care team, especially volunteers group and nurses group is emphasized. Furthermore, all of the hospice care members those who complete the hospice education program, should be performed efficient hospice care intervention for dying patients and their families.
Clergy ; Education ; Hospice Care* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the structure and characteristics of nursing college students' personality-based career attitudes. METHOD: A Q-methodology was used to identify factors in nursing students' personality-based career attitudes. A Q sample was collected from in-depth and objective interviews and literature reviews. A P sample consisted of 27 nursing students. RESULT: Results revealed three factors: Deliberateness- oriented, Positive-oriented, and Negative-oriented. The 'Deliberateness-oriented' factor was characterized by preference of logical and objective ways in evaluation and trying to seek deep relationships with only a small number of people. The 'Positive-oriented' factor showed creative, autonomous and sociable traits and put value on extensive interpersonal relations. The 'Negative-oriented' factor focused on possibility and enjoyed artistic actions. All 3 factors were negative in NGO or political activities. CONCLUSION: Based on this result, curriculum development for nursing students should give students a variety of experiences. These findings will be the basic data for finding appropriate positions within the work place for nursing students and help them select appropriate careers for their own personality types.
Students, Nursing/*psychology ; *Personality ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; *Career Choice ; *Attitude ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study were to categorize the subjectivity of the quality of life in elderly women and to thereby understand the differences regarding quality of life desires. METHODS: This study used a Q-methodology to measure the quality of life in elderly women. A Q sample was collected from in-depth and objective interviews and WHOQLO. Fourteen participants rated 28 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1-7. The collected data was analyzed using PC Quanl. RESULTS: The principal component analysis identified 4 factors regarding the quality of life of elderly women. These categories were labeled 'hopelessness-oriented', 'relationship/adaptation-oriented', 'physical suffering-oriented', and 'self satisfaction-orientated'. CONCLUSION: Some of the factors regarding the quality of life of elderly women were determined through this research. Further research is necessary to set up and apply different the quality of life between men and women based on this result. The results of this study indicate that different approaches toward quality of life promotion programs are recommended based on the four factors of quality of life among elderly women.
Aged* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine understanding of the meaning of well-dying and types of such views held by medical practitioners and nursing students. METHODS: The Q-methodology was used to analyze the subjectivity of each item. The P-sample was made up of 22 medical practitioners or nursing students. The P-sample was instructed to rate 33 statements using a 7-point scale to obtain forced normal distribution. They were asked to make extra comments on the statements that were placed on both ends of the distribution curve. The PC-QUANL Program was used for the factor analysis of the collected data. RESULTS: The participants had three types of meaning of well-dying. Total variance explained by these types was 57.97%" where type 1 was "reality-oriented", type 2 "relationship-oriented" and type 3 "obeying-the-nature". CONCLUSION: The participants' subjective views on well-dying influences their medical practice on patients who are facing death. Therefore, medical practitioners should have profound insights concerning life and death. To that end, a training program is needed to help medical practitioners develop a proper view on well-dying by subjectivity type.
Education ; Humans ; Nurse Practitioners ; Students, Nursing* ; Terminal Care

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify public attitudes toward mental illness, and to use Q methodology to build understanding of the differences among these attitude types. METHODS: Q Methodology was used to examine the public's attitude on mental illness. Thirty participants classified 33 selected Q-statements on a seven-point scale to create a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed by using the PC QUANL program. RESULTS: Four types of attitudes toward mental illness were identified. Type I was named ‘Pursuing positive attention and patience regarding serious human rights’; type II, ‘Demanding the abolishing of prejudice through various media’, type III, ‘Emphasizing social responsibility at a distance from mental illness’, and type IV, ‘Focusing on reversible treatment of the disease’. CONCLUSION: In this study, the general public has presented a nursing intervention strategy that can provide support that allows for a positive recognition of mental disorders in accordance with the characteristics of each type.
Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Nursing ; Prejudice ; Social Responsibility

No abstract available.
Hospices ; Palliative Care ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: This study was attempted and completed in order to settle down and qualitatively improve web-based nursing education by evaluating effect and managing strategy of tutor. METHOD: The development of tutor's managing strategy was based on "The Self-regulated Learning" and "The supportive Learning", then it was applied to 79 learners in one of the cyber-learning centers. After applying the tutor's managing strategy, self-regulated learning scale, attitude for school, preference for computer and academic achievement were evaluated. The development of tutor's managing strategy for web-based nursing education are consisted of participation promotion, psychological support and motivation, recognition and promotion strategy of learning activity, management strategy of evaluating stage. RESULT: The levels of learner's self-regulated learning, recognition, behavior, attitude on the school and learning achievement were meaningfully increased in statistics after applying for the managing strategy of tutor. The motivation level and learning participation kept high scores from the beginning with no significant statistical changes. CONCLUSION: It is required to develop an educational program for cultivating well-educated tutors in order to help the effective learning process of nurses based on understanding characteristics of learners.
Cybernetics ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Information Management ; Learning ; Motivation ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors determining health behavior for middle-aged adults in relation to stress coping behaviors, cognitive factors, social support, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD: The questionnaire survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 203 middle aged in a community settings. The data analysis procedure included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regressions using health behavior as dependent variable. RESULT: Among the sociodemographic variables, factors such as sex, educational and eonomic levels were associated with the health behaviors. There were significant correlations between health behaviors and saliency of health, social support, and positive-stress coping behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the factors such as positive-stress coping behaviors, saliency of health, sex, and education turned out to be significant affecting factors. Twenty eight percent of varience in health behavior was explained by these factors. CONCLUSION: Positive-stress coping methods were turned out to be the most important effective factors in practicing of health behaviors of middle aged. The necessity of an intervention considering the situation related to their stress and coping methods in middle aged so as to promote positive health behaviors was suggested.
Adaptation, Psychological* ; Adult* ; Education ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the change and difference and relationship of postpartum depression and physical image. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 86 postpartum women at one general hospital in Seoul. The data was collected from September to November 2001. The instrument used for this study were SRD (Self-Rating Depression Scale) and Norris' Body Image Scale to evaluate depression and body image. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, mean, t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULT: The result of this study were as follows: 1.The mean score of D2 was significantly higher than D1(p=.003). There was no difference significantly B1 and B2(p=310). 2. There was significant correlation between the two, D1-D2(r=.381, p<.01), B1-B2(r=.364, p<.01), D1-B1(r=.579, p<.01), D2-B2(r= .567, p<.01). (D1: depression of postpartum 1-3days, D2: depression of postpartum 6-8weeks, B1: body image of postpartum 1-3days, B2: body image of postpartum 6-8weeks) CONCLUSION: There was very high postpartum depression in postpartum women, but body image was positive. Also, there was correlated to postpartum depression and body image. Thus it is necessary to implement nursing intervention focused on to decrease the postpartum depression and to enhance the body image of the postpartum women.
Body Image* ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Nursing ; Postpartum Period* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was designed to systematically explore and elicit information about terminally ill cancer patients' and primary family caregivers' subjectivity of death. METHOD: Using Q-methodology, 21 terminally ill cancer patients and 19 primary family caregivers sorted 40 statements during personal interviews. RESULTS: The results of this study show that terminally ill cancer patients have four factors ('Attachment to life', 'Hope for heaven', 'Resignation to reality', 'Avoidance of pain') of response and primary caregivers have four factors('Dependence on religion', 'Faithfulness to reality', 'Obedience to fate', 'Agony of reality'). Comparing the subjectivities of death of terminally ill cancer patients and primary family caregivers, 'Hope for heaven' and 'Dependence on religion' reveal the similarities of their outlook. On the other hand, 'Attachment to life', 'Resignation to reality', 'Avoidance of pain', 'Faithfulness to reality', 'Obedience to fate', 'Agony of reality' reveals different aspects of their outlook. The group of terminally ill cancer patients and their families divided into four types. Type A was 'Attachment to life and Agony of reality', type B was 'Attachment to life and Obedience to fate', type C was 'Hope for heaven and Dependence on religion' and type D was 'Resignation to reality and Faithfulness to reality'. The positive group was C or 'Hope for heaven and Dependence on religion'. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences found in the subjective structure of death among terminally ill cancer patients and primary family caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an individualized nursing intervention for terminally ill cancer patients and family caregivers.
Caregivers* ; Hand ; Humans ; Nursing ; Terminally Ill*