The rabbit keratocytes were cultured to evaluate the effects of L-ascorbic acid(AA), ascorbic acid 2-sulfate(AA-2S), and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AA-2P) by measuring cell numbers and 3H-thymidine incorporation. AA at a concentration of 0.05mM enhanced the proliferation of the cells progressively. Addition of 0.1, and 0.5mM AA stimulated the proliferation of cells in the 3rd and 7th day after culture and inhibited in the 15th and 20th day in a dose-dependent manner. AA-2S showed a similar pattern to those of the AA effect, although the inhibitory effect was milder than AA. All concentrations of AA-2P enhanced the proliferation of the cells from the early phase. The effect was prominent in the late phase in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that AA-2P is the most stable and the least cytotoxic in the aqueous solution state or culture media and, 0.1-0.5mM concentration of it is best in the promotion of the proliferation of the cultured keratocytes.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Cell Count ; Culture Media

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional Increase of anterior guidance angle. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved denial stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia 21a ) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA ). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all off these clinical signs, were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiments. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.05). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening. anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement( p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant resultsA STUDY OF CLINICAL RESULTS ON STERI-OSS
Denial (Psychology) ; Diastema ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Masseter Muscle ; Mastication ; Masticatory Muscles* ; Molar, Third ; Percussion ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension ; Volunteers ; Wisconsin

The purpose of this study was to search the influences of the increase of the contents of sodium algi-nate in the experimental alginates on the some mechanical properties. 3 commercial alginates were selected for the purpose of comparison of the results of experiments. 7 experimental alginates were manufactured with the rise of contents of sodium alginate from 8.8% to 18.3% with the decrease of contents of diatomaceous earth and with the constant contents of calcium sulfate 12.5%, sodium phosphate 2.2%, zinc fluoride 2.0%. Splitable metal mold with 12.5mm diameter and 20.0mm height was filled with mixed alginate to prepare the cylinder shaped specimens. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, compressive strength were tested using the ISO specification number 1563, alginate impression material. Experimental groups were 7, and 10 specimens were used for each test items and each groups. Following results were obtained; 1. Strain in compression was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p=0.0077, r2=0.6302). 2. Elastic recovery was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents but was not significant(p=0.0639, r2=0.7449). 3. Compressive strength was increased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p<0.0001, r2=0.9617). These results mean that the increase of sodium alginate contents make alginate harder but may result the increased permanent deformation.
Alginates ; Calcium Sulfate ; Compressive Strength* ; Diatomaceous Earth ; Fluorides ; Fungi ; Sodium* ; Zinc

PURPOSE: A study was performed to compare the detectability of extrahepatic duct stones between nonenhanced and enhanced computed tomography(CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive 30 patients with extrahepatic duct stones were analyzed with special attention to the detectability of stones between nonenhanced and enhanced CT. The extrahepatic duct was further divided into two segments, one above(suprapancereatic) and the other in(intrapancreatic) the head of the pancreas. Conspicuity of the stone was graded as "visible", "suspicious", and "invisible". Three radiologists reviewed the CT images without prior information and determined the location of stone and grade of their conspicuity. RESULTS: The stones were located at the suprapancreatic common duct in 5 patients, intrapancreatic common duct, in 15 patients and both portion of the duct in 10 patients. There was no difference in the detection rate of stones between the two images at suprapancreatic common duct, and was 93%, However, the rate at intrapancreatic common duct was 95% and 64% on nonenhanced and enhanced CT scans, respectively. The overall detection rate was 95% on nonenhance CT and 75% on enhanced CT. CONCLUSION: We concluded that nonenhanced CT was prerequisite to evaluate the extrahepatic duct stones in addition to enhanced CT.
Head ; Humans ; Pancreas ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas are frequently found in advanced state due to the abscent or nonspecific symptoms, and the only hope for cure is a radical resection. The differentiation between benign and malignant tumor is a prerequisite for preoperative preparation and deciding the extent of resection. for the purpose of determining the malignancy of retroperitoneal tumor, we evaluate the clinic oradiologic features of the patients. METHODS: Retrospective study was done on 37 eases who were oper ated Korea University Hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1998. Their clinicoradiologic characters were analyzed and compared between benign and malignant tumor pationts. RESULTS: Among the 37 cases, 27 cases (73%) were benign tumors and the remaining 10 cases (27%) were malignant tumors. There was no significant difference in age distribution between malignant and benigntumor group (p>0.05) Among 20 male patients, 10 eases had malignant tumor (50%) but all 17 female patients had benign tumor (p=0.001) Preoperative symptoms were present in 29 cases (78.4%). and mean duration of symp toms in malignant cases was 20 months and in benign cases was 18 months but had no significance in differentiating between malignant and benign tumors (p>0.05) All eases were porformed abdominal CT scanning and it had 100% of sensitivity and 74% of specificity. Among the radiologic characteristics, size of tumor, irregular margin, and abscence of calcification were correlated with malignancy (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative clinical symptoms and duration are not helpful in differentiating the malig naney but CT scanning has a good results for such purpose. So when the retroperitoneal tumor shows large size, irregular margin and no visible calcification especially in male patients, the patient, we should prepare and treat the patients according to malignant tumor.
Age Distribution ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas are frequently found in advanced state due to the abscent or nonspecific symptoms, and the only hope for cure is a radical resection. The differentiation between benign and malignant tumor is a prerequisite for preoperative preparation and deciding the extent of resection. for the purpose of determining the malignancy of retroperitoneal tumor, we evaluate the clinic oradiologic features of the patients. METHODS: Retrospective study was done on 37 eases who were oper ated Korea University Hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1998. Their clinicoradiologic characters were analyzed and compared between benign and malignant tumor pationts. RESULTS: Among the 37 cases, 27 cases (73%) were benign tumors and the remaining 10 cases (27%) were malignant tumors. There was no significant difference in age distribution between malignant and benigntumor group (p>0.05) Among 20 male patients, 10 eases had malignant tumor (50%) but all 17 female patients had benign tumor (p=0.001) Preoperative symptoms were present in 29 cases (78.4%). and mean duration of symp toms in malignant cases was 20 months and in benign cases was 18 months but had no significance in differentiating between malignant and benign tumors (p>0.05) All eases were porformed abdominal CT scanning and it had 100% of sensitivity and 74% of specificity. Among the radiologic characteristics, size of tumor, irregular margin, and abscence of calcification were correlated with malignancy (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative clinical symptoms and duration are not helpful in differentiating the malig naney but CT scanning has a good results for such purpose. So when the retroperitoneal tumor shows large size, irregular margin and no visible calcification especially in male patients, the patient, we should prepare and treat the patients according to malignant tumor.
Age Distribution ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis

BACKGROUND: Triage and transportations are important and life-saving medical task performed at the site of mutiple-casualty incidents(MCIs). We pursued three road traffic accidents victims to find out any problem in triaging and transporting them, and to provide an information for equipping an local disaster planning. METHODS: The medical records of 70 consecutive patients who were transported to five emergency facilities in Kangnung, on three MCIs from 1998 to 2000, were analysed, retrospectively. The intervals and types of transport vehicles were analysed. We compared the prehospital time between severity-based groups, which were graded into 3 groups according to the Triage score(0, 1~8, 9). RESULTS: Among the 70 patients, 33 patients(47.1%), 21 patients(30%), and 16 patients(22.9%) were transported to Level I, Level II, and Level III trauma centers, respectively. The time elapsed from scenes to the Level I trauma center was significantly shorter(p=0.003) than to others, but no differences in the mean Triage score between trauma centers were seen(p>0.05). The 119 rescue services transported 58.6%(41 patients) of victims to emergency facilities, and 58.5%(24 patients) of them was concentrated to Level I. There were no significant differences in the prehospital time between three Triage score groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no medical control such as triage and transportation in the cases of three MCIs. In the construction of emergency medical service system(EMSS) preparing MCIs or disasters, we suggest the integration and unification of 119 rescue services and emergency medical information centers for effective medical control. We propose to making a new and simple triage guideline. The prehospital personnel should be educated and disaster drills should be performed under the guideline.
Accidents, Traffic ; Disaster Planning ; Disasters ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Transportation* ; Trauma Centers ; Triage*

It had heen emphasized the necessity for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations in patients. Who has had gastrectomy and presents persisting gastrointestinal symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate endoscopic findings and clinical symptoms in patients following gastrectomy. (continue...)
Gastrectomy* ; Humans