The most common ocular finding of the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is superficial retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. But the descriptions of new vessel on the optic disc(NVD) associated with ITP are scarcely found in literatures. A 17-year-old girl who managed for ITP complained of visual distrubance of the right eye and floaters of the left eye. On fundoscopy the right eye was failed to examine due to thick vitreous hemorrhage and the left eye showed NVD and preretinal hemorrhage. After panretinal photocoagulation of the left eye, NVD was regressed.

The rabbit keratocytes were cultured to evaluate the effects of L-ascorbic acid(AA), ascorbic acid 2-sulfate(AA-2S), and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AA-2P) by measuring cell numbers and 3H-thymidine incorporation. AA at a concentration of 0.05mM enhanced the proliferation of the cells progressively. Addition of 0.1, and 0.5mM AA stimulated the proliferation of cells in the 3rd and 7th day after culture and inhibited in the 15th and 20th day in a dose-dependent manner. AA-2S showed a similar pattern to those of the AA effect, although the inhibitory effect was milder than AA. All concentrations of AA-2P enhanced the proliferation of the cells from the early phase. The effect was prominent in the late phase in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that AA-2P is the most stable and the least cytotoxic in the aqueous solution state or culture media and, 0.1-0.5mM concentration of it is best in the promotion of the proliferation of the cultured keratocytes.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Cell Count ; Culture Media

Authors evaluated the retinal toxic reation of intravitreal injection with a regimens of 10 microgram of amphotericin B on both phakic and aphakic eyes of rabbits. In addition to the eye receiving single injection, the effects of repeating the same dose second and third time at interval of 1 week were examined by light microscopy after last injection. The results were as follows: 1. Even a single intravitreal injection with regimens of 10 microgram amphotericin B, vitreous opacities and posterior subcapsular lens opacities were observed ophthalmoscopically. 2. A single and repeated intravitreal injections with regimens of 10 microgram amphotericin B showed focal areas of retinal toxic reation. 3. Lens extraction did not modify the retinotoxic reation of intravitreally administrated amphotericin B. 4. Repetitive intravitreal injection of amphotericin B did not show increasing retinal toxic reation.
Amphotericin B* ; Cataract ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Microscopy ; Rabbits ; Retinaldehyde*

Authors performed transscleral diode laser retinopexy through the conjunctiva, muscle and silicone scleral exoplant to evaluate its safety and efficacy in experimental rabbit eyes. Transscleral applications required energies of average 325. 2 mWwith duration of 0.5 second. The mean power required to produce comparable lesions through the conjunctiva, muscle and the buckle(MIRA #276)was 27%, 20%, and 33%higher, respectively. These results demonstrate that the diode laser photocoagulation applied through a scleral buckle is capable to produce chorioretinal scars without damaging the scleral tissue nor the buckling elements employed.
Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Silicones*

The rabbit cornea was studied in vitro in modified Ussing chambers to determine the effects of ion transport inhibitors and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) on ion transport through the cornea by measuring the bioelectric properties. Apical(tear side, T side) addition of furosemide, bumetanide and SITS were ineffective on resting Isc(short circuit current). Apical addition of 1.0mM amiloride(Na+/H+ antiport inhibitor) and NPAA(Cl- channel blocker) markedly reduced the resting Isc, but basolateral(stromal side, S side) addition of amiloride was ineffective. The site of action of these agents was the apical membrane. H2O2, an oxygen free radical, markedly increased the lsc when was added to the T side, but S side addition of the H2O2 was ineffective. To determine the degree of cellular catalase participation in protection against H2O2 induced injury the cornea was pretreated with ATAZ for 30 min prior to H2O2 action. The increase of lsc by H2O2 was markedly potentiated after pretreatment with ATAZ on T side compared to that of S side addition. This result indicates that the corneal endothelial H2O2 may be largely degraded by catalase. When H2O2 was added to the T side, Isc was raised by increased ion transport. All ion transport inhibitors that were used inhibited the H2O2 effect on Isc. Moreover, amiloride and NPAA markedly inhibited induced lsc by H2O2. These results suggest that H2O2 stimulates the corneal epithelial ion transport and that its site of action is apical membrane Na+/H+ antiport system and CI- channel system.
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid ; Amiloride ; Bumetanide ; Catalase ; Cornea ; Furosemide ; Hydrogen Peroxide* ; Hydrogen* ; Ion Transport ; Membranes ; Oxygen

The vitreous changes in 183 eyes of 148 patients with vitreous floaters were evaluated biomicroscopically using the Goldmann fundus contact lenses. The cases with retinal detachment were excluded from this study. Vitreous degeneration was responsible in all eyes with vitreous floater, and posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was found in 87% of the eyes. In those eyes the most common cause of opacity were prepapillary ring(139 eyes). There were no significant difference in prevalence rate between male and female or between right and left eye with PVD. However the incidence was increased at the age of 50 or more. A strong statistical relationship was present between early onset and male or myopic eyes with minus 3 diopters or more. The eyes with sudden onset of floaters were frequently associated with retinal breaks. The study revealed that the complications of PVD may be encountered: retinal breaks, vitreous hemorrhage, photopsia, and cystoid macular edema. The complications were common in male.
Contact Lenses ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We used 810 nm diode laser endophotocoagulator to perforate the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium for draining subretinal fluid during scleral buckling procedure. The laser settings reqiured for perforation ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 second of duration and from 300 to 500 mW of power. The average number of laser bums per site was 2.2 times(1-11times). Drainage was successful in all 42 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients treated. The complications associated with laser drainage included small subretinal hemorrhage in one eye(2.3%) and a faint laser bum on detached retina in one eye(2.3%). We believe that laser drainage is safe and requires no special skill.
Choroid ; Drainage* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Scleral Buckling ; Subretinal Fluid*

Author presented the clinical evaluation for 34 patients of strabismus under the age of 12 years who were admitted to our clinic from September 1971 to August 1973. 1. The incidence of strabismus under 12 years of age was approximately 0.9% of the total out patients in our clinic, and 60.7% of these received surgical treatment. 2. Among them, 18 cases of exotropia, 15 cases of eostropia and 1 case of hypertropia were observed. 3. Average age at the time of operation was 5.9 years in esotropia and 7.1 years in exotropia. 4. Satisfactory result within 10 prism diopters of correction was obtained in 12 esotropias and 13 exotropias. 5. Improved fusional status was obtained in 9 esotropias and 14 exotropias.
Child* ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Outpatients ; Strabismus*

The migration of photoreceptors into the subretinal space has been reported to occur in developing and aged rat retina, in aged human retina, in detached owl monkey, and in detached cat retina. Subretinal photoreceptor cells have been observed in aphakic-vitrectomized rabbit eyes with or without intravitreal saline or antibiotic injection. Variety of photoreceptor cell nuclei can be distinguished. The nuclei of photoreceptor cells change their shape so as to pass easily through the juncition and thereafter they returned to their original shape in sub retinal space. The mechanisms and biological significance of this phenomenon are not yet certain, but it may by one of the important factors contributing to decreased vision with aging.
Aging ; Animals ; Aotidae ; Cats ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

Perfluorocarbon liquids are frequently used intraoperatively in repair of complicated retinal detachments. One complication of their use is prfluorocarbon liquids entering the subretinal space via a retinal break or an iatrogenic retmotomy since these liquids are much heavier than water, We evaluated the response to subretinal perfluorophenanthrene (VitreonR) on the rabbit retina ophthalmoscopically and microscopically. Twenty eight rabbit eyes underwent subretinal injection of 50-100 ml of perfluorophenanthrene via the vitreous space. The same volume of balanced salt solution was injected into control eyes. Eyes were monitored by indirect ophthalmoscopy and examined by light and electron microscopy. Progressive retinal detachments with newly formed retinal breaks in the inferior quadrants developed in 24 of 28 eyes. In the remaining 4 eyes, small retinal bleb, from 0.5 to 3DD size, occurred in inferior peripheral retina. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments were lost and receptor cell nuclei began to deplete within 1-3 days. In addition, marked vacuole formation in the retinal fiber layers as well as in inner and outer nuclear layers were seen. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments had a1most dlsappeared and the number of nuclei in irulei and outer nuclear layers was markedly decreased from 1 to 3 months. The control eyes reattached and healed spontaneously within 3-5 days. Our findings suggest that all subretinal perfluorophenanthrene should be carefully removed from the eyes at the end of the surgery.
Blister ; Cell Nucleus ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vacuoles