The most common ocular finding of the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is superficial retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. But the descriptions of new vessel on the optic disc(NVD) associated with ITP are scarcely found in literatures. A 17-year-old girl who managed for ITP complained of visual distrubance of the right eye and floaters of the left eye. On fundoscopy the right eye was failed to examine due to thick vitreous hemorrhage and the left eye showed NVD and preretinal hemorrhage. After panretinal photocoagulation of the left eye, NVD was regressed.

We presented a case of wasp sting of 42 year old, farmer who got stung on the cornea directly. At the time of first examination, the patient had visual acuity of 0.02 in the right eye. Slit lamp examination revealed corneal epithelial desquamation and vesicle, striate keratitis, diffuse stromal edema and fine keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium. The iris was depigmented and atrophic, and pupil was mydriatic and nonreactive. The lens was opaque at the center of anterior caspsule and fundus was not visualized. 4 months later, the corneal lesion was slightly improved. Clinical findings of iris and lens still unchanged.
Adult ; Bites and Stings* ; Cornea ; Edema ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Humans ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity ; Wasps*

We investigated retrospectively surgical outcome of macular hole-induced retinal detachment. Patient with a macular hole together with any other retinal breaks was excluded. Among 30 eyes of 29 patients, 19 eyes were high-myopic(-6.25D), and 13 eyes had posterior staphyloma. Intravitreal gas injection alone was performed in 11 eyes, vitrectomy with encircling.
Humans ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy

Vancomycin is an anti biotic produced by Streptomyces orientalis and is primarily active against gram-positive bacteria, especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It has been increasingly recommended for intravitreal injection on behalf of conventional therapy in bacterial endophthalmitis caused by gram-positive organisms due to increasing resistance to the cefazolin. Authors evaluated the retinal toxic reaction after vitrectomy with infravitreal infusion containing various doses of vancomycin between 1 microgram/ml to 500 microgram/ml into 20 rabbit eyes to determine the safe dose of vancomycin. The histologic features of the rabbit eyes treated with 20 microgram/ml or more showed toxic reactions including hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, disorganization and loss of the photoreceptor cells and accummulation of inflammatory cells in subretinal space. These results suggest that intravitreal infuion of vancomycin in a dose of 10 microgram/ml or less appears to have no retinal toxicity in the rabbit model.
Cefazolin ; Endophthalmitis ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Hypertrophy ; Intravitreal Injections ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde* ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptomyces ; Vancomycin* ; Vitrectomy

To determine the ocular toxicity of intravitreal miconazole, we conducted a controlled trial in 20 pigmented rabbit eyes(10 rabbits). An anterior chamber paracentesis was performed on all animals and 0.4 ml of perfluoropropane(C3F8) gas was injected intravitreally. On day three, when it was fully expanded, eyes were underwent C3F8/fluid exchange with vitreous replacement fluid. The infusion solution contained various amounts of miconazole, 0.5 microgram/ml. 1 microgram/ml, 5 microgram/ml, 10 microgram/ml, 50 microgram/ml, 100 microgram/ml and normal saline for control. Intravitreal infusion was performed for 25-30 minuteds and a total of 100-120 ml of fluid was replaced. Histopathological examination revealed retinal toxic reactions in concentrations of 10 microgram/ml or greater. This study suggests that infusion solution of 5 microgram/ml or less is the concentration exceeds the minimal inhibitory concentration for most of fungi and may be safetly used in the treatment of fungal endaphthalmitis.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Fungi ; Miconazole* ; Paracentesis ; Retinaldehyde

Perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) are useful tools during vitreous surgery for complicated retinal detachments. Generally, these liquids are used as short-term vitreous replacement without retinal toxicities. But long-term tolerance of intraocular fluorochemicals is not established. We evaluated long-term tolerances to intraocular perfluorophenanthrene(Vitreon) or perfluorodecalin(DK-line) in the rabbit retina for a period of up to 3 months. Three days after C3F8 gas-compression of the vitreous, 1.2ml of highly purified PFCLs were injected into 26 rabbit eyes. Control eyes received same volumes of balanced salt solution. Eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and light and electron microscopy. Clinically PFCLs were emulsified and dispersed into small bubbles after 2-3 weeks. Mild posterior subcapsular cataracts and vitreous opacities were observed after long-term retention of PFCLs. Histopathologically, at 1 week after surgery, several epiretinal macrophages were present in both groups. Focal disarrangements of photoreceptors were observed in perfluorodecalintreated group. At I month after surgery, protrusion of Muller cell, dropdown of photoreceptor nuclei, loss of photoreceptors, outer and inner segments and retinal pigment epithelial hypertrophy were observed. In perfluorodecalin-treated group, atrophy in outer nuclear layer and thinning of all the retinal layers occurred. At 3 months after surgery, small oil-like droplets were scattered throughout the retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium in perfluorodecalin-treated group. These findings were almost totally confined to the lower part of retina that has been long-term contact with the liquids. Our findings suggest that perfluorodecalin is more toxic to the retina than perfluorophenanthrene. Both liquids are not adequate for long-term vitreous replacement, but may be useful for short-term intraoperative use.
Atrophy ; Cataract ; Hypertrophy ; Macrophages ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde*

Perfluorocarbon liquids have been used to facilitate surgery in complicated retinal detachments or giant retinal tears which were difficult to manage. The results of perfluorophenanthrene usage in 26 eyes that had been taken vitreoretinal surgery were analyzed.The causes of retinal detachments were giant retinal tears in five eyes[19%], pseudophakia or aphakia in three[12%]and trauma in three.As tamponades, C3F8 gas was used in 11 eyes and silicone oil in 15 eyes. Overall, anatomical success rate was 73%and functional success rate was 58%.All of the giant retinal tears were successfully reattached and four eyes[80%]were functionally successful.The rates of anatomical success were 75%in eyes with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and 64%in grade D.Regarding postoperative tamponade materials, there was no significant difference between C3F8 gas and silicone oil.Releasing retinectomy was perfomed in four eyes and there was no functional success. In conclusion, perfluorocarbon liquid is a useful instrument that improves the result of operation of complicated retinal detachment if used selectively.
Aphakia ; Pseudophakia ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Silicone Oils ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinal Surgery ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

The authors have recently experienced a case of traumatic retinal angiopathy of 1.5 year old child which followed immediately a relatively minor injury on the head. 5 days after the accident, external examination of both eyes appeared normal and the fundi showed retinal edema, numerous superficial whitish exudates and flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages predominantly between the disc and macula. X-ray examinations of skull and chest revealed no evidence of fracture. Complete blood cell count, urinalysis, stool and cerebrospinal fluid findings were normal limits. Abnormal neurological signs were not detected. The area of exudates gradually absorbed over a period of one month but hemorrhages were still remained around the macula. The peripheral vision seemed to be improved but central fixation remained poor. 2 months later the fundi presented optic atrophy, attenuated arterial caliberation and cherry red spot at each macula.
Blood Cell Count ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Exudates and Transudates ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Optic Atrophy ; Papilledema ; Prunus ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde* ; Skull ; Thorax ; Urinalysis

Perfluorocarbon liquids are frequently used intraoperatively in repair of complicated retinal detachments. One complication of their use is prfluorocarbon liquids entering the subretinal space via a retinal break or an iatrogenic retmotomy since these liquids are much heavier than water, We evaluated the response to subretinal perfluorophenanthrene (VitreonR) on the rabbit retina ophthalmoscopically and microscopically. Twenty eight rabbit eyes underwent subretinal injection of 50-100 ml of perfluorophenanthrene via the vitreous space. The same volume of balanced salt solution was injected into control eyes. Eyes were monitored by indirect ophthalmoscopy and examined by light and electron microscopy. Progressive retinal detachments with newly formed retinal breaks in the inferior quadrants developed in 24 of 28 eyes. In the remaining 4 eyes, small retinal bleb, from 0.5 to 3DD size, occurred in inferior peripheral retina. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments were lost and receptor cell nuclei began to deplete within 1-3 days. In addition, marked vacuole formation in the retinal fiber layers as well as in inner and outer nuclear layers were seen. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments had a1most dlsappeared and the number of nuclei in irulei and outer nuclear layers was markedly decreased from 1 to 3 months. The control eyes reattached and healed spontaneously within 3-5 days. Our findings suggest that all subretinal perfluorophenanthrene should be carefully removed from the eyes at the end of the surgery.
Blister ; Cell Nucleus ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vacuoles

Perfluorocarbon liquids are frequently used intraoperatively in repair of complicated retinal detachments. One complication of their use is prfluorocarbon liquids entering the subretinal space via a retinal break or an iatrogenic retmotomy since these liquids are much heavier than water, We evaluated the response to subretinal perfluorophenanthrene (VitreonR) on the rabbit retina ophthalmoscopically and microscopically. Twenty eight rabbit eyes underwent subretinal injection of 50-100 ml of perfluorophenanthrene via the vitreous space. The same volume of balanced salt solution was injected into control eyes. Eyes were monitored by indirect ophthalmoscopy and examined by light and electron microscopy. Progressive retinal detachments with newly formed retinal breaks in the inferior quadrants developed in 24 of 28 eyes. In the remaining 4 eyes, small retinal bleb, from 0.5 to 3DD size, occurred in inferior peripheral retina. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments were lost and receptor cell nuclei began to deplete within 1-3 days. In addition, marked vacuole formation in the retinal fiber layers as well as in inner and outer nuclear layers were seen. The photoreceptor outer and inner segments had a1most dlsappeared and the number of nuclei in irulei and outer nuclear layers was markedly decreased from 1 to 3 months. The control eyes reattached and healed spontaneously within 3-5 days. Our findings suggest that all subretinal perfluorophenanthrene should be carefully removed from the eyes at the end of the surgery.
Blister ; Cell Nucleus ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vacuoles