No abstract available.
Humans

Authors performed transscleral diode laser retinopexy to evaluate its safety and efficacy in human eyes. Transscleral diode laser retinopexy was performed on 75 human eyes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Power setting ranged from 400 to 1,000 mW, duration setting ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 second, and average 107 laser spots(range 15-443 laser spots) were applied. Seventy four of 75 eyes(98.7%) achieved anatomical success in reattachment after 6 months follow-up period. Complications of treatment encountered were minor Bruch's membrane rupture in 2 eyes, small retinal hemorrhage in one eye and mild scleral thermal burn in one eye. These complications did not affect adversely the surgical results. Among the 75 eyes, 21 eyes underwent diode laser choroidotomy for drainage of subretinal fluid with success. Transscleral diode laser retinopexy was considered as a safe and effective mean to obtain chorioretinal adhesion in retinal detachment surgery.
Bruch Membrane ; Burns ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Subretinal Fluid

Transscleral diode laser retinopexy and cryoretinopexy were performed in pigmented rabbits, and light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies were done. Acute lesions produced by cryoretinopexy showed significant retinal destruction and, in contrast, those produced by transscleral diode laser showed reaction limited to the outer retina and choroid. Chronic lesions by cryoretinopexy showed marked retinal thinning and chorioretinal adhesions. Pigment-laden cells were aggregated at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, with some having migrated into the sensory retina. The laser lesions showed similar findings but less in size and severity. Acute lesions showed absence of reactivity with all antibodies. While marked expressions of GFAP, vimentin, and S-100 epitopes were seen in chorioretinal scar tissues made with cryoretinopexy, expressions with less intensity were seen with diode retinopexy. Migrating pigment-laden cells were labelled positive for cytokeratins and few cells were positive for anti-macrophage antibody. These results suggest that although transscleral diode laser induce less inner retinal destruction and more localized burns than cryoretinopexy, both forms of treatment produce similar deep retinal Muller cell reaction, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical studies.
Antibodies ; Burns ; Choroid ; Cicatrix ; Epitopes ; Keratins ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Femur*

We experienced a case of transient complete A-V block, which developed probably due to acute myocarditis of viral etiology. The patient was 13 year old boy, and was admitted to our ward with chief complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and chest discomfort. The auscultation of the heart revealed, the 1st heart sounds varied in intensity, and the E.K.G. findings, checked then, showed complete A-V block with atrial rate of 110/min and ventricular rate of 73/min. We recommended absolute bed rest and oral prednisolove(50mg/day). He discharged on 10th hospital day in good condition with normalized E.K.G. finding.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Auscultation ; Bed Rest ; Heart ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Male ; Myocarditis ; Thorax

Authors experienced a 6-year-old patient who developed strabismus and amblyopia due to a facial hemangioma obscuring the visual axis. The patient recovered success fully strabismus surgery and occlusion therapy.
Amblyopia* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Strabismus*

No abstract available.
Ectopia Cordis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

The most frequent primary site of metastatic tumors to the choroid is the breast in women and the bronchus in men. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in breast, and it appears bilateral involvement, distant or adjacent lymph node metastasis. Metastatic tumors are more likely to occur multifocally in both eyes and have a definite predilection for the posterior segment and are most commonly located in the macular area. The patient with a metastatic tumor to the choroid may be asymptomatic or may experience painless blurred vision if the small mass or exudative retinal detachment involve the macula. In general, although the prognosis of the metastatic choroidal tumor for vision is usually good, the prognosis for life is poor. We experienced a case of choroidal metastasis with rib metastasis which had been treated with radical mastectomy and chemotherapy 2 years ago, because of multicentric and multifocal invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast. The patient had improvement of visual acuity and diminution of tumor size and extent of retinal detachment by radiotherapy.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Choroid* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retinal Detachment ; Ribs ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We evaluated the relationship between the delayed visual acuity (VA) improvement and retinal features, including in the photoreceptor layer, after a successful macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images during long-term post-operative observation. The goal was to find the mechanism in delayed VA improvement. METHODS: Postoperative OCT scans were analyzed in nine eyes of eight patients who underwent idiopathic macular hole surgery between June 2003 to June 2005. Horizontal and vertical OCT scans taken of the operated eyes immediately after absorption of intraocular gas and after VA improvement were exported to Adobe Photoshop 7.0. We measured changes in parameters of the central foveal thickness (central 1 mm area), photoreceptor layer thickness, relative reflectivity of photoreceptor to retinal pigment epithelium, and the defective area of photoreceptor layer. RESULTS: The median visual acuity was determined to be 0.2 (range: 0.15~0.3) at the VA unimproved period and 0.5 (range: 0.3~1.0) at VA improved period. The mean central foveal thickness decreased from 221.3 micrometer (range: 155~265 micrometer) to 191.2 micrometer (range: 150~231 micrometer), as VA improved (p=0.007). The mean photoreceptor layer thickness increased from 15.2 micrometer (range: 4.2~27.6 micrometer) to 22.6 micrometer (range: 4.2~35.8 micrometer) as VA improved (p=0.032), and mean relative reflectivity of photoreceptor layer increased from 0.43 (range: 0.08~0.67) to 0.48 (range: 0.10~0.70), as VA improved (p=0.415). The defective area of photoreceptor layer decreased from 70% (range: 90~45%) to 27% (range: 8~5), as VA improved (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A decrease of the central foveal thickness and of photoreceptor layer defective signal, and an increase of photoreceptor layer thickness were observed on OCT during delayed vision improvement after a successful macular hole surgery. Improvement of macular edema and photoreceptor reorganization are suggested as important parts of the mechanism toward vision recovery.
Absorption ; Eye ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and pre- and post-operative visual acuity after macular hole surgery. METHODS: Twenty-five eyes of 24 patients who underwent macular hole surgery with a postoperative follow-up longer than 6 months were studied. On enhanced preoperative horizontal and vertical OCT scans, various parameters including hole diameter, base diameter, total lesion diameter, and hole height were measured. Hole form factor (HFF) and macular hole index (MHI) were calculated. The correlation between the parameters and pre- and post-operative visual acuity, as well as visual acuity change, was analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between hole height and preoperative visual acuity (P=0.018). Better postoperative visual outcome was correlated with a smaller hole diameter, smaller total lesion diameter, and greater hole height (P=0.002, 0.043 and 0.037). HFF and MHI were correlated with visual acuity change (P=0.024 and <0.001) CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between visual acuity and hole height suggests that the height represents the amount of neural tissue in the retina. Relatively greater improvement in visual acuity is expected in eyes with high HFF or MHI even when preoperative visual acuity is low.
Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Perforations ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity