No abstract available.
Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.
Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

Double pylorus is a rare condition consisting of a double communication between gastric antrum and duodenal bulb; in most cases it is a complication of penetrating ulcer, and sometimes it is a congenital abnormality. The prevalence of this rare anomaly ranges from 0.02% to 0.13%; the male: female ratio is about 2: 1. A case of double pylorus, in 41 year-old male, was diagnosed by gastrofiberscopy and UGIS. Two ovoid and crescent pits of the pyloric canal divided by smooth thickened septum were observed endoscopically. The upper GI series showed gastroduodenal fistula connecting the leeser curve of distal antrum with the duodenal bulb. The relevant literatures on the subject were reviewed.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Pyloric Antrum ; Pylorus* ; Ulcer

Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) is an accepted alternatives to endoscopic injection sclero- therapy(EIS) in many patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Esophageal hematoma is rare and an unusual complication after EVL or EIS. We present a patient with liver cirrhosis who developed an obstructive esophageal hematoma after EVL.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Liver Cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: The cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis through a series of adaptive responses to physiological requirements. However, little is known about the adaptation of fetal cardiac function to gravity, according to gestational age. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adaptive responses of cardiac function to postural changes, using Tei index measurements. METHODS: Fetal echocardiography and Doppler examination were performed on 114 women with vertex singleton pregnancies at 19 to 40 weeks' gestation. Participants were placed in an upright seated position, and the Tei index for fetal left ventricular cardiac function was measured. The women were then moved into a supine position and the Tei index was re-measured. RESULTS: The mean Tei index when measured in an upright seated position was significantly lower than that measured in a supine positioning for all fetuses (0.528±0.103 vs. 0.555±0.106, P=0.014, respectively). This difference was also noted in fetuses with a gestational age of 28–40 weeks (0.539±0.107 vs. 0.574±0.102, P=0.011, respectively). However, there was no difference in the Tei index between an upright seated and a supine position among fetuses with a gestational age of <28 weeks (0.505±0.091 vs. 0.516±0.103, P=0.571, respectively). CONCLUSION: Postural changes from an upright seated to a supine position result in an increased Tei index after a gestational age of 28 weeks. This appears to reflect maturation in the adaptive responses of the fetal cardiovascular system to postural changes.
Cardiovascular System ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age* ; Gravitation ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Supine Position

Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy. In Korea, 13.1% of small bowel adenocarcinoma occurs in the jejunum. The absence of effective screening methods and relatively obscure symptoms contribute to the higher percentage of advanced cases at the time of diagnosis. Although curative resection is the mainstay of treatment, it is often impossible. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have shown a disappointing treatment result for advanced staged small bowel adenocarcinoma. We report a 54-year-old woman with locally invasive jejunal cancer who underwent curative resection after stent insertion with enteroscopy and chemotherapy.

Background: To determine the effects of Jerusalem Artichoke extract (JAE) and inulin on blood glucose levels and insulin secretion in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Methods: Thirty four mice were divided into a normal control group and three experimental groups: diabetic control, JAE, and inulin. STZ (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in the three experimental groups. The JAE and inulin groups were fed 10 g/kg JAE or fed 1 g/kg inulin, respectively, for 6 weeks. Fasting glucose was checked weekly. After 6 weeks, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and the insulin level was checked.
Results: Four mice from the JAE group (n = 9) died and autopsies revealed inflammation and ulceration of skin lesions on the chest areas. Fasting glucose levels were not decreased in the inulin or JAE group relative to diabetic control group. In the OGTT at 60 minutes and 120 minutes, the serum glucose levels were significantly higher in the inulin group (572.6 ± 52.0 mg/dL and 555.8 ± 72.9 mg/dL, respectively) than in diabetic control group (484.3 ± 81.6 mg/dL and 467.3 ± 111.1 mg/dL, respectively). Insulin levels were not increased in the inulin group relative to the diabetic control group.
Conclusion These results indicate that JAE and inulin might not be useful therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus and indiscreet intake of Jerusalem Artichoke could exacerbate to diabetes.

We report a case of prenatally diagnosed congenital perineal mass which was combined with anorectal malformation. The mass was successfully treated with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty postnatally. On ultrasound examination at a gestational age of 23 weeks the fetal perineal mass were found on the right side. Any other defects were not visible on ultrasonography during whole gestation. Amniocentesis was performed to evaluate the fetal karyotyping and acetylcholinesterase which were also normal. As the fetus grew up, the mass size was slowly increased more and more. At birth, a female neonate had a perineal mass on the right side as expected. During operation, the anal sphincteric displacement was found near the mass and reconstructed through posterior sagittal incision. This is the first reported case of prenatally diagnosed congenital perineal mass, after birth which was diagnosed as lipoblastoma and even combined with anorectal malformation. This case shows that it can be of clinical importance to be aware of this rare fetal perineal mass in prenatal diagnosis and counseling.
Adult ; Amniocentesis ; *Anal Canal/abnormalities/pathology/ultrasonography ; *Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; *Lipoma/diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Male ; *Perineum/pathology/ultrasonography ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; *Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; *Rectum/abnormalities/pathology/ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/*methods

The present study was carried out to examine the toxicity and target organs of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) after repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks (3 administrations, once every 2 weeks). OCV is an inactivated oral cholera vaccine that contains Vibrio cholerae and confers protection against cholera caused by V. cholera serogroups O1 (Inaba and Ogawa serotypes) and O139 (strain 4260B). The animals were orally administered either OCV placebo (negative control) or OCV at a dose equivalent to 240 times the anticipated human dose. Throughout the administration period, no significant change was detected in clinical signs, body weight, food or water consumption, urinalysis results, hematological and clinical biochemistry test results, organ weights, necropsy, or histopathological examination results. Minor changes were found in hematological and clinical biochemistry tests; however, these changes were within normal ranges. The above results suggest that oral administration of OCV in rats did not induce any toxicologically meaningful changes, and the target organs could not be determined. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines established by Good Laboratory Practice (2009-183, KFDA, December 22, 2009) and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (1997).
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Body Weight ; Cholera ; Drinking ; Humans ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Urinalysis ; Vibrio cholerae

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Variceal hemorrhage is one of the major complications of cirrhosis and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The development of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage is the most direct consequence of portal hypertension. Correlations between the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and first variceal hemorrhage were examined. METHODS: Patients with cirrhosis who underwent HVPG measurement between July 2009 and September 2010 were enrolled (n=535). All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy to enable the evaluation of gastroesophageal varices. RESULTS: The HVPG for all patients was 16.46+/-7.05 mmHg (mean+/-SD), and was significantly higher among those with first variceal hemorrhage than in those without it. The HVPG was significantly correlated with both Child-Turcotte-Pugh (r=0.488, P<0.001) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (r=0.478, P<0.001) scores. An HVPG value of 11 mmHg was predictive of first variceal hemorrhage with a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 27.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The HVPG was higher in patients with first variceal hemorrhage than in those without it.
Adult ; Catheters ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/*complications ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/*complications/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Venous Pressure