In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Rhabdomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Orbit* ; Orbital Cellulitis*

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of salicylate ototoxicity is probably related to reversible biochemical or metabolic changes in the cochlea. Decreased cochlear blood flow seems to play an important role in salicylate ototoxicity. Several constituents of ginkgo extract have the action of increasing blood flow, antagonism of platelet activating factor and scavenger of free radicals. It might be thought that these activities of ginkgo extract could contribute to attenuate salicylate ototoxicity. OBJECTIVES: Whether the salicylate induced hearing loss could be attenuated by pretreatment with ginkgo extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Auditory brainstem response threshold changes were observed after the intramuscular injection of lysine salicylate(300mg/kg), or lysine salicylate with EGb 761(100mg/kg, single IP or 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg, IP, two times) pretreatment in each group of guinea pig. RESULTS: In the groups with Ginkgo extract pretreatment, the threshold changes were less severe and recovered earlier than in group with salicylate injection only(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EGb 761 could attenuated the hearing loss after the injection of salicylate in guinea pig.
Animals ; Cochlea ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Free Radicals ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hearing Loss ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Lysine ; Platelet Activating Factor

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect a chewable tablet containing sodium flouride and lauroyl sodium sulfate on removing plaque and inhibiting gingival inflammation. A randomized parallel study was designed. 100 voluteers participated in the study. There were two test groups each with 30 subject. Test group A was instructed to brush once in the morning, and to use the tablet once in the afternoon and once in the evening. Test group B was instructed to use the tablet three times a day without brushing. There were two control groups each with 20 subjects. Control group A was instructed to brush once in the morning only. Control group B was instructed not to brush all. Two weeks before the test period, the subjects received through tooth cleaning and polishing. At baseline, GI, PI, BOP, and GCF of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in all groups. Bacteria culture was done with the plaque sampled from tooth with the deepest pocket. After 5 days, clinical indices were measured and the bacterial culture was repeated. Control group B was dropped from the study after this period. All the other groups remained and the indices and the culture was repeated after 2 weeks, and 3weeks. Also whether the oral mucosa showed signs of irritation was monitored throughout the test period. Test group A showed less PI, GI, BOP, probing depth, GCF than test group B or control group A. Especially, PI and the BOP was significantly less than that of the group that was instructed to brush once a day. This implies that the added use of this tablet aids in plaque removal in people who brush just once a day. Test group A showed increase of cocci, decrease of motile rods, and decrease of spirochetes after 14-21 days. And this was significantly different from the control group A. At no time of the test period did any of the subjects show signs of irritation of the oral mucosa or adverse reactions. Following conclusions could be obtained from this study. This chewable tablet for enhanced oral hygiene could be used as an adjunct to oral hygiene in people who do not brush adequately. The use of this tablet decreased the number of subgingival bacteria, and this could be effective in plaque removal and for prevention of gingival inflammation.
Bacteria ; Dental Plaque ; Gingivitis ; Inflammation* ; Mouth Mucosa ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontitis ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium* ; Spirochaetales ; Tooth

PURPOSE: In recent years, obesity in children has become one of the major nutritional problems, and the trend is that number of obese children is increasing. The purpose of this research is to examine the incidence of obesity in pubescent school children in Seoul and Cheju, and to analyze body fat component, complications and eating habits of those obese children in order to obtain basic information for prevention of obesity in children in the future. METHODS: The total number of 4,555 junior high school students from 4 schools consisting of 1,234 boys and 3,321 girls were examined based on their height and weight. For those children, obesity index was calculated based on the 50th percentile obtained from standard weight for height of children proposed by the Korean Pediatric Association in 1985. The body fat component was measured and compared between 275 children of 530 obese children(11.6%) and 275 children from the control group by Futrex-5000 A body fat and fitness computer. Of those children, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure, and biochemical studies were performed on 31 children whose follow-up was possible, and their exercise load and eating habits were examined. RESULTS: It was found that 11.6% of the subject children were obese, which consisted of 12.4% in boys and 11.4% in girls. The study showed 11.4% obesity ratio in Seoul and 13.2% obesity ratio in Cheju, but the difference was insignificant. Percents of bodyfat was 25.3+/-5.7% (mean+/-SD) for control group, 32.9+/-4.8% for mild obesity group, 35.6% for moderate obesity group, and 37.2+/-4.0% for severe obesity group. The morbidity of complications of those 31 children whose follow-up was possible showed the highest percentage of 29.0% in hyperlipidemia, and lower percentage in hypertension, elevated AST and/or ALT, glucose intolerance, diabetes, respectively. The eating habit analysis showed the total calorie intake/total energy expenditure ratio of 1.10 which is higher in calories than energy consumption, and the food intake evaluation showed that 23.3% of fat was contained in total calorie intake. CONCLUSIONS: The childhood obesity becomes the primary cause of adult obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and therefore, eating habits and exercise load should be carefully observed in order to prevent childhood obesity. In addition to the health care provided currently by schools, regular physical check-up should undertaken for early diagnosis to conduct appropriate tests and treatment.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Early Diagnosis ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence* ; Jeju-do ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided core biopsies after digital mammography-guided two-dimensional localization (DM-2DL) of breast microcalcifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with 23 suspicious microcalcifications underwent US-guided core biopsies after DM-2DL, to mark the sites on the skin where microcalcifications had been found (craniocaudal and mediolateral (or lateromedial) views). Of the 23 lesions, 4 were sampled using a 14-gauge automated gun and the other 19 were sampled using an 8-gauge vacuum-assisted device. The lesions were categorized into two groups: those with and those without microcalcifications observed on US. The success rate for correctly sampling microcalcifications on the specimen radiograph in the two groups was assessed and their pathologic outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 23 lesions, 16 were invisible and 7 were visible to ultrasonographic microcalcifications. The sampling success rate for the specimen radiographs was 100% for ultrasonographic visible microcalcifications and 88% (14/16) for lesions invisible to ultrasonography after DM-2DL (p = 1.000). The cancer rate of individuals with microcalcifications observed on US (57%, 4/7) was greater than in individuals without visible microcalcifications (13%, 2/16) (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Although some microcalcifications are invisible on US, a US-guided biopsy after DM-2DL is a useful method for the successful sampling of the microcalcifications.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Humans ; Mammography ; Skin

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells*

A primary angiosarcoma is a very rare condition, accounting for 0.04% of all malignant tumors of the breast. It is known to have a poor prognosis and recurrence and distant metastasis are common. We report two cases of primary angiosarcoma. They were first diagnosed in 29 years old & in 34 years old. Preoperative evaluation provided an indication of the disease, and no evidence of merastasis was seen. Both patients underwent a total mastectomy. Radiation therapy was performed as an adjuvant treatment in one patient and in the case of recurrence in the other. Pathologic findings are reviewed and described. The diagnostic approach and treatment options from the literature are discussed.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Hemangiosarcoma* ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: Breast conserving surgery is increasingly performed in early stage breast cancer patients. A certain propotion of these patients are at substantial risk for systemic metastasis. However, there is no valid consensus about optimal sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. METHODS: We conducted a randomized prospective study to investigate whether concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery are associated with increased toxicity. Fifty-seven patients with stage I or II breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive CMF chemotherpy either simultaneously with (n=37) or before (n=20) radiation therapy. RESULTS: Moist desquamation was the most common adverse effect which occurred in 46% (16/37) of the patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy and 40% (8/20) of those treated with the sequential regimen. This difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Also the incidence of severe neutropenia (WBC<1,800) or abnormal elevation of liver enzymes was not influenced by the sequencing of the adjuvant therapies. Arm edema was observed in 2 patients of the concurrent group and in 2 patients of the sequential regimen. Two patients treated with the concurrent regimen did not complete 6 cycles of chemotherapy while only one patient treated with sequential regimen did not. The incidence of toxicity during chemotherapy was not altered by the timing of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can be given concurrently after breast conserving surgery in stage I or II breast cancer patients without increase in serious toxicity.
Arm ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Consensus ; Drug Therapy* ; Edema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neutropenia ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy*