No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*

Mucosal biopsies were obtained for histological and electron microscopical studies from 7 patients with ileal urinary conduit. Shortly after construction of the reservoir there was a reduction in villous height and an increase in crypt depth. After 2 to 3 years of observation, avillous areas were noted in the reservoir mucosa. Electron microscopy shows a loss of microvilli and a reduction of cell construction. The number of mucus-storing goblet cells increased already with in 1 month after construction. No sign of foreign body reaction, dysplasia or metaplasia was encountered. The constant exposure to urine leads to adaptive changes of the reservoir mucosa, resulting in true atropy of villi, crypts, and individual epithelial cells.
Biopsy ; Colonic Pouches* ; Epithelial Cells ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Metaplasia ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvilli ; Mucous Membrane* ; Pheniramine ; Urinary Diversion

Familial hemiplegic migraine(FHM) is an autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura, characterized by the occurrence of hemiplegia during the aura. Two subforms of FHM families exist; pure FHM in 80% and FHM families with cerebellar symptoms in 20%. Half of the known FHM families show genetic linkage to chromosome 19p13, and in these families FHM is caused by missense mutations in a neuronal P/Q type calcium channel alpha-1 subunit gene(CACNA1A gene). Linkages to 1q31 and 1q21-23 have also been established. Other families are linked neither to chromosome 19 nor 1. Clinical variabilities are partially associated with the various types of CACNA1A gene mutations. FHM is distinguished from more frequent migraine types by a clear, dominant inheritance pattern and the relative absense of other headache types. Further investigation of FHM will help to clarify the genetics of more common migraine. We describe a male patient with FHM with a brief review of the literature.
Calcium Channels ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Epilepsy ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetics ; Headache ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Male ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura* ; Migraine without Aura ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurons

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine the histopathologic changes of muscles and the expression patterns of ubiquitin and N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) in accordance with cerebral palsy patient's spasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied thirteen specimens from seven patients with spastic cerebral palsy, five patients suspected to have neuromuscular diseases, and one normal person. We performed the routine histologic procedures, the reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunostaining. RESULTS: There were no disease-specific abnormalities related with the degree of spasticity on histopathologic evaluation. However, in the cerebral palsy patients, the degree of spasticity seems to have positive correlations with the expression of ubiquitin gene and negative correlations with the expression of N-CAM gene. On the other hand, in the immunostaining procedures, the reactions to ubiquitin protein were all negative and reactions to N-CAM protein were strongly positive only in two hereditary motor sensory neuropathy patients. CONCLUSION: The results of our study seem to be caused by multiple mechanisms. If more studies about the changes after the transcription of ubiquitin and N-CAM genes are performed, these results can be applied to the research and treatment of cerebral palsy on molecular biologic aspects.
Cell Adhesion ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Hand ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Muscles* ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules* ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ubiquitin*

BACKGROUND: Though the proper administration of midazolam in the geriatric patients under the spinal anethesia reduce the stress, the anxiety and the agitation during surgery, it can cause the hypoxemia owing to decreasing their ventilatory function, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the dose response of midazolam to determine the degree of hypoxemia, the change of cardiovascular functions after the intravenous administration of midazolam in geriatric patients during the period of TURP under the spinal anesthesia. METHODS: On thirty two geriatric male patients(> or =65 yrs), the changes of O2 saturation in pulse oximetry, systolic and diastolic pressure in NIBP, heart rate in EKG before and after the administration of midazolam were studied during perioperative period of TURP under the spinal anesthesia in randomized method, and they were allocated randomly to four groups to receive only normal saline (group 1), midazolam 0.01 mg/kg(group 2), midazolam 0.02 mg/kg(group 3), midazolam 0.03 mg/kg (group 4) in normal saline 3ml, respectively. RESULTS: The results were that the desaturation between 85% and 90% in SpO2 occurred in three patients(one patient in group 3, two patients in group 4), that the desaturation below 85% in SpO2 occurred in three patients (group 4), immediately 100% oxygen was administered to the patients by mask, that the occurrances of the desaturation below 90% in SpO2 appeared about 4-7minutes after the administration of midazolam and there was no statistically significant changes in cardiovascular function in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the intravenous administration of midazolam more than 0.02 mg/kg can cause hypoxemia in geriatric patients under the spinal anesthesia and the close observation and monitoring must be needed during sedative period.
Administration, Intravenous ; Age Factors ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anoxia ; Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Dihydroergotamine ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Male ; Masks ; Midazolam* ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; Oxyhemoglobins* ; Perioperative Period ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

PURPOSE: Using proteomic analysis, this study was performed to see the characteristics of proteins expression in the muscles of spastic cerebral palsy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied twelve specimens from six patients with spastic cerebral palsy, three patients with myelomeningocele, and three normal people who underwent orthopaedic surgeries due to trauma. We studied the extracted proteins showing differences in the two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the prominent thirteen proteins were re-evaluated by proteomics and the reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction, which was to clarify the relationship between gene and protein expression. RESULTS: Among fifteen proteins, six proteins were found to be higher in normal people, and nine were found to be higher in the groups of patients by spot histogram. The results of proteomic analysis with MALDI-TOF for fifteen proteins showed that the expression of DJ-1 was related to cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION: This study shows that strong expression of DJ-1 is related to spasticity and cerebral palsy. We showed for the first time the possibility of any relationship between spastic condition and DJ-1 expression.
Cerebral Palsy ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Meningomyelocele ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscles ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins ; Proteomics

BACKGROUND: Although post-anesthetic shivering may be a temporary phenomenon, it leads to detrimental effects such as increased oxygen consumption, hypoxemia, and difficulty in monitoring. Doxapram is a relatively new treatment for post-anesthetic shivering, but there have been few reports about its minimum effective dose. The purpose of this study was to find the minimum dose of doxapram which would show an antishivering effect. METHODS: Sixty patients who had developed post-anesthetic shivering were divided into six groups of ten patients each. The groups were divided into a control group, which received normal saline, and the doxapram groups, which received five different doses of doxapram (0.15, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg). The antishivering effect (2, 5, 10, 15 minutes after treatment), blood pressure, heart rate and temperature were compared among the groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in antishivering effect between the group which received normal saline and the groups which received doxapram; however, there was no significant difference within the groups which received doxapram. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the dose of doxapram required to achieve an antishivering effect is much less than that currently in use.
Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Doxapram* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen Consumption ; Shivering*

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of rehospitalization for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants due to respiratory illness during the first year of life, and to examine the association between rehospitalization with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and duration of mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Twenty-three VLBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Dae-Dong Hospital from January 1996 to December 2002 were studied. Twenty-three of full-term infants born from January 2001 to December 2002 at Dae-Dong Hospital were studied as control group. Parental questionnaire were collected and hospital records of VLBW infants and control group were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The rate of rehospitalization for respiratory illness in VLBW infants (16/23, 69%) was greater than that of term infants (6/23, 26%) (P< 0.05). Ventilated group with RDS (14/ 19, 73%) in VLBW infants had more rehospitalization compared to non-ventilated group (2/4, 50%) (P< 0.05). Those with ventilator care longer than 7 days (7/7, 100%) had more rehospitalization than those with ventilator care less than seven days (7/12, 58%) (P< 0.05). Fifty nine percent of rehospitalization occurred from December to March. Sixty five percent of rehospitalized infants required admissions between 5 and 8 months after NICU discharge. CONCLUSION: VLBW infants are more likely to have rehospitalization with respiratory illness during first year, especially VLBW infants with RDS and prolonged care of mechanical ventilation. It is important to prevent these susceptible infants from respiratory infections and to follow-up them periodically because VLBW infants tend to show decreased pulmonary function subsequently.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: The prevalence of atopic diseases has been increasing remarkably. The less frequent opportunities for infection early in life, especially mycobacteria exposure, parallel this higher prevalence of atopic diseases. Bacille Calmette-Gu rin (BCG), a potent inducer of Th1 immune response, has been suggested to suppress Th2 response which is known to mediate IgE-mediated atopic disorders. This study was done to investigate whether there is any relation between the number of BCG scars and the prevalence of atopic disorders in early childhood. METHODS: We surveyed 393 parents with a children who were given percutaneous multi- puncture BCG vaccination within four weeks after birth. The main questions concerned the past history and present illness of physician-diagnosed atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis), the number of BCG scars (range; 0-18), and potential confounders such as gender, parental atopy, maternal smoking and environmental cofactors. The prevalence rate of each atopic disease was measured and analysed according to the number of BCG scars. RESULTS: Each prevalence rate was 18.1% for atopic dermatitis, 9.4% for bronchial asthma, 14.6% for allergic rhinitis, and 32.3% for any of them. All of them had received BCG vaccination during the first four weeks of life. The children with 15 or more BCG scars had a significantly lower prevalence of any atopic disease (22/99, 22.2%) as compared to those with four scars or less (51/125, 40.8%) by simple regression analysis. (P value=0.02) But this association was not significant after controlling for potential confounders. (P value= 0.26) CONCLUSION: This survey demonstrated a weak relation between a larger number of BCG scars and less atopy development at early childhood. But the relation was not so significant. Further studies are needed.
Asthma ; Child ; Cicatrix* ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Parents ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Punctures ; Rhinitis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vaccination

Notch signaling is a key regulator of neuronal fate during embryonic development, but its function in the adult brain is still largely unknown. Mind bomb-2 (Mib2) is an essential positive regulator of the Notch pathway, which acts in the Notch signal-sending cells. Therefore, genetic deletion of Mib2 in the mouse brain might help understand Notch signaling-mediated cell-cell interactions between neurons and their physiological function. Here we show that deletion of Mib2 in the mouse brain results in impaired hippocampal spatial memory and contextual fear memory. Accordingly, we found impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Mib2 knock-out (KO) mice; however, basal synaptic transmission did not change at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Using western blot analysis, we found that the level of cleaved Notch1 was lower in Mib2 KO mice than in wild type (WT) littermates after mild foot shock. Taken together, these data suggest that Mib2 plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory through the Notch signaling pathway.
Adult ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Foot ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Memory* ; Mice ; Neurons ; Plastics* ; Pregnancy ; Shock ; Synapses ; Synaptic Transmission