This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and artal approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as "early marriage and high fertility" backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the rapid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child survival rates through medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of holding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size, "for better living and for better education for their children were main reasons rated 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural area. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son of children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behavior for having son was increased compare to previous study.
Ceremonial Behavior ; Child* ; Contraception ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Happiness ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Marriage ; Nuclear Family ; Parturition ; Poverty ; Spouses ; Survival Rate

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity was measured in the homogenate of penile foreskin, using y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, as a substrate, and it was found that (GGTP) activity was present in the epidermis and dermis, being more active in the former. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 8.5 - 9.0 in Tris buffer, which was similar to those of the rat kidney and human serum enzymes. It was also revealed that glycylglycine was the most effective activator of the enzyme and some activation was also observed in the presence of L-glutamine. But L-rnethionine, L-homoserine, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, glycine and L-valine inhibited the activity, suggesting that these amino acids do not act as acceptors of p-glutamyl moiety. The enzyme was remarkably inhibited by bromosulphalein, oxidised gluta,thione, and by L-serine in the presence of borate, and the inhibitions were more severe than is the case with the rat kidney and human serum enzymes.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Arginine ; Aspartic Acid ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Foreskin ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Glycine ; Glycylglycine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Rats ; Serine ; Skin* ; Tromethamine ; Valine

No abstract available.
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule*

The present clinical study was attempted to estimate the frequency of tuberous sclerosis using a paradigm. similar to the one employed by Crowe et al and to determine the genetic charaeteristics of the people of Chonnam Pravince regarding said disease. In addition other clinical manifestations were observed. Twenty-five subjects had visited the Department of Dermatology of Chonnam Medical University Hospital between 1970 and l980. Relatives of the subjects were examined whenever possible. The results of this study show that the incidence of this syndrome m Chonnam Province is probably in the region of l/80, 000~90,000. The sex ratio was nearly equal,12 males to 13 females. The mean age at first visit was about fifteen. OnIy 20 per cent of the cases have a familial history of the disease but the correct, incidence is probably higher since some patients provided incomplete family histories This clinical study suggests that tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant inheritance disease with variable expressivity evidenced by the fact that although five of eleven of the groups offspring developed tuberosus sclerosis There were differences in the clinical features between the parent and the chiid.
Crows ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Parents ; Sclerosis ; Sex Ratio ; Tuberous Sclerosis* ; Wills

Subtalar dislocation of the foot is one in which there is simultaneous dislocation of the talonavicular joint and talocalcaneal joint while the tibiotalar relationship is unchanged. It was described first by Judey and Defourest in 1811. It incidence was 1% to 1.3% of all dislocations and 15% of injuries of the talus. We have experienced one case of a medial subtalar dislocation without fracture. In our case which was followed for 14 months, the head of the talus was palpable on the dorsum of the foot and the heel was displaced medially in relation to the leg. Radiographically, on the lateral view, the head of the talus was shown superior to the navicular and on the A-P view, the normal talonavicular relationship was disturbed with the calcaneus being displaced medially. The closed reduction was carried out successfully.
Calcaneus ; Dislocations ; Foot ; Head ; Heel ; Incidence ; Joints ; Leg ; Subtalar Joint ; Talus

No abstract available in English.
Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary

Kuntscher introduced the interlocking nail as the name of Detensionsnagel at 1968. Klemm, Kaessman, Hempel used it clinically through transverse hole. Authors tried to make the sagittal hole at the dorsum of the Kiintscher nail, which was interlocked- from the slot to the hole by bone screw. The direction of the sagittal hole crossed right angle to the transverse hole. Analysis of 35 cases conducted following conclusion. 1. Transfixing the screw at the sagittal hole of the nail can be done easily when transfixing through the transverse hole is difficult. 2. There was no difference in stability between transverse hole and sagittal hole transfixation. Lateral movement of the nail was disappeared after transfixation of the screw at the sagittal hole. Interlocking system is very similar to Harrington distraction rod system. 3. One case of nail breakage had occured at the transverse hole. Nail breakage easily occurs if the hole is situated near the fracture site. For prevent nail breakage larger nail insertion is desirable. (More than 14mm in femur and more than 12mm in tibia.) 5. Indication of the I-M nailing is widened by screw interlocking: from the subtrochanteric fracture to the supracondylar fracture of the femur. It is also useful in arthrodesis of the knee joint. 6. Addition of the Interlocking in ordinary I-M nailing patient could walk 3 to 10 days after operation and radiologic union achieved 12 to 20 week after opeation.
Arthrodesis ; Bone Screws ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee Joint

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pregnancy*

From January 1971 to December 1980 the authors observed 165 cases of chronic ulcers of the extrernities in the Department of Dermatology, Chonnam University Hospital. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) During this period, the mean average percent of ulcer patients seen was 0.41 of the yearly total patients. 2) The ages of onset was quite varied with the highest group in the 5th decade. The ratio of men to women was 2.93: 1. 3) The most common predilection site was right lower extremity. 4) Leprosy, especially T-type, was the most comrnon underlying disease.
Female ; Male ; Humans

A case of isolated Crohn's disease of appendix is reported. It is a rare disease which commonly mimics the symptoms of acute appendicitis. Review of 221 identical cases previously reported in the world literature revealed slight male predominance(1.17:1) and peak age of incidence in the third decade(24.3 yrs). In contrast to typical Crohn's disease, the rate of postoperative fistula and recurrence was minimal; 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Due to these differences, many consider it to be a separate disease entity from Crohn, and a new diagnostic term - "Idiopathic Granulomatous Appendicitis" - has gained wide acceptance in recent years.
Appendicitis* ; Appendix* ; Crohn Disease* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence