BACKGROUND: Dense breast reduced the sensitivity of mammography in breast cancer screening and known as an independent risk factor of breast cancer. The relationship between breast density and age, body mass index has studied. However, there are few studies on the relationship between breast density and lifestyle related disease. In this study, we investigated the relationship between mammographic breast density and lifestyle related disease. METHODS: Retrospective cross sectional research was carried out from people who visited a single health screening center in Busan from January 2015 to December 2015. We investigated age, past history of the subjects and measured their height, weight, blood pressure and waist circumference. The biochemical test was carried out using their blood. All patients underwent mammography. The breast density on mammography determined by the basis of American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) breast composition and 996 people was recruited. RESULTS: In the distribution of breast density, 16.3% of women (n=160) had dense breast. Age (under 49), body mass index (BMI) (underweight) were positively correlated with the BI-RADS composition category 3, 4 but the number of lifestyle related disease were negatively correlated (age ρ=0.17, BMI ρ=0.39, the number of lifestyle related disease ρ=-0.21). The odds ratio (OR) of dense breast increased with decreasing lifestyle related disease severity (OR=3.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-8.22, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the number of lifestyle related disease was negatively correlated with mammographic density. The OR of dense breast increased with decreasing lifestyle related disease severity. Therefore, primary physicians should consider negative correlation between breast density and lifestyle related disease in breast cancer screening.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Life Style* ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

We report a case of a 58 year-old male with polysplenia and left inferior vena cava draining into the right atrium via hemiazygous vein; the left superior vena cava and the coronary sinus in order. He presented dyspnea on exertion and atrial fibrillation. Originally, through findings of mediastinal widening in chest X-ray and the double lumen of the descending aorta in transesophageal echocardiography, he was erroneously diagnosed with aortic dissection. The anomalous venous connection was discovered via spiral CT and venography. We also found three to five small spleens via CT. We emphasize that normal left superior vena cava mimic aortic dissection on chest X-rays and transesophageal echocardiographys.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Coronary Sinus ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart Atria* ; Heterotaxy Syndrome* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebography ; Spleen ; Thorax ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Inferior* ; Vena Cava, Superior*

BACKGROUND: A mummy is a dead body of a human being or an animal that has been preserved artificially or naturally from decaying. Because the natural environment of Korea isn't appropriate for mummification and Korean people haven't artificially made mummies, mummies were rarely studied in Korea. METHODS: On September 6, 2002, a well-preserved female mummy was found in the grave of a family in Kyunggi-do. She was submitted to a thorough autopsy examination along with the review of genealogical documents. RESULTS: The mummy died in winter. She was pregnant and the fetal head was observed at the vaginal orifice. The uterine wall was ruptured, and the peritoneum was discolored, probably by hemorrhage. Histologically, the gastric mucosa was well preserved. On the smear cytology of gastrointestinal material and the fluid from the coffin, pollens and parasitic eggs were observed. The woman seemed to be death from hypovolemic shock due to uterine rupture during the 2nd phase of labor. CONCLUSION: From this case, we concluded the causes of the woman's mummification included the cold and dry circumstance at the time of her death, and the thick mortared wall of the grave that completely isolated the body from the outside.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Eggs ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gyeonggi-do ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Mummies ; Ovum ; Paleopathology ; Peritoneum ; Pollen ; Pregnant Women* ; Shock ; Uterine Rupture

Nowadays, infectious aortitis has become a rare disease thanks to antibiotics, but remains life-threatening. We present a case of a patient with acupuncture-induced infectious aortitis leading to aortic dissection. Chest computed-tomogram scan revealed Stanford type A dissection with pericardial effusion. Under the impression of an impending rupture, emergent surgery was performed. During surgery, infectious aortitis was identified incidentally, so she underwent resection of the infected aorta including surrounding tissues. Then the ascending aorta and hemi-arch were replaced with a prosthetic graft as an in situ fashion. The resected tissue and blood cultures revealed Staphylococcus aureus, so prolonged antibiotherapy was prescribed.
Acupuncture ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/microbiology/*surgery ; Aortitis/drug therapy/microbiology/*radiography ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Female ; Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Aortic aneurysm is one several well-known cardiovascular complications in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPCKD). Commonly affected site of aortic aneurysm and its related dissection in ADPCKD is abdominal aorta. Long standing hypertension, haemodialysis, old age are closely related with discovering of aortic aneurysm and dissection in ADPCKD. However, thoracic aortic aneurysms and its related severe aortic regurgitations (ARs) are rare in younger patients suffering from ADPCKD, especially ones who have normal renal function. Here, we report a case involving a 27-year-old Asian male patient with severe AR due to an ascending aneurysm of the thoracic aorta associated with ADPCKD. The patient had normal renal function without Marfan's habitus. The AR and thoracic aortic aneurysm were corrected surgically.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Stress, Psychological

During our ongoing investigation of neuraminidase inhibitors from medicinal fungi, we found that the fruiting bodies of Phellinus igniarius exhibited significant inhibitory activity against neuraminidase from recombinant H3N2 influenza viruses. Two active compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of P. igniarius through solvent partitioning and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The active compounds were identified as phelligridins E and G on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and electrospray ionization mass measurements. These compounds inhibited neuraminidases from recombinant rvH1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza viruses, with IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.7~8.1 µM.
Chromatography ; Fruit* ; Fungi ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methanol ; Neuraminidase* ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Protons

Background and Objectives: De-escalation of dual-antiplatelet therapy through dose reduction of prasugrel improved net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), mainly through the reduction of bleeding without an increase in ischemic outcomes. Whether the benefits of de-escalation are sustained in highly thrombotic conditions such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of de-escalation therapy in patients with STEMI or non-STsegment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Methods: This is a pre-specified subgroup analysis of the HOST-REDUCE-POLYTECH-ACS trial. ACS patients were randomized to prasugrel de-escalation (5 mg daily) or conventional dose (10 mg daily) at 1-month post-percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary endpoint was a NACE, defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, clinically driven revascularization, stroke, and bleeding events of grade ≥2 Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria at 1 year. Results: Among 2,338 patients included in the randomization, 326 patients were diagnosed with STEMI. In patients with NSTE-ACS, the risk of the primary endpoint was significantly reduced with de-escalation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48– 0.89; p=0.006 for de-escalation vs. conventional), mainly driven by a reduced bleeding. However, in those with STEMI, there was no difference in the occurrence of the primary outcome (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.48–2.26; p=0.915; p for interaction=0.271). Conclusions Prasugrel dose de-escalation reduced the rate of NACE and bleeding, without increasing the rate of ischemic events in NSTE-ACS patients but not in STEMI patients.