There are many kinds of instrumentation systems for posterior operation in the treatment of scoliosis. Cotrel-Dubousset (C-D) system is most widly used for its excellent correction potential and stability. However there were some problems in C-D hook system such as hook dislodgement and correction loss. So, in order to reduce these problems we use transpedicular screw system and compare the results between two systems. We studied 44 cases of scoliosis ( hook 19 cases, screw 25 cases) who were operated with C-D instrumentation from February 1988 to August 1995. The average follow-up period was 54 months in hook group and 23 months in screw group. 1. Operation time was 241 minutes in hook group and 223 minutes in screw group. Average amount of transfusion was 5.0 pints in hook group and 4.6 pints in screw group. 2. Involved segments of main curvature were 7.0 in hook group and 6.6 in screw group. 3. Scoliotic curve was changed from 49degrees to 13degrees (73%) in hook group and from 47degrees to 12degrees (74%) in screw group. Loss of correction during follow up period was 7degrees in hook group and 3 in screw group. 4. Thoracic kyphosis was changed from 24degrees to 26degrees in hook group and from 27degrees to 30degrees in screw group. Lumbar lordosis was changed from 26degrees to 29degrees in hook group and from 26degrees to 31degrees in screw group. 5. Correction rate of rotation of apex vertebrae by Pedriolle method was 43% (from 20degrees to 12degrees) in hook group and 50% (from 22degrees to 11degrees) in screw group. 6. Complications were two cases of hook dislodgement, one delayed deep infection and four cases of progression of curvature in hook group and one case of malinsertion of screw and two cases of progression of curvature in screw group. In conclusion, these results suggested that screw system is more effective than hook system on rotational correction of apex vertebra and prevention of loss of correction.
Animals ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Scoliosis* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Protein tyrosine kinase(PTK), protein kinase C(PKC), oxidase, as a mediator, have been known to take a role in signal transduction pathway of angiogenesis. The authors confirmed that PKC is the most noticeable mediator for abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells through in vitro study model using the inhibitors, targeting the formation of three co-enzymes. In this study, we would investigate which isoform of PKC play an important role in abnormal angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell. METHODS: In 96 well plates, 10(4) HUVECs(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were evenly distributed. Two groups were established; the control group without administration of DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine) and the DMH group with administration of 7.5x10(-9)M DMH. RNA was extracted from vascular endothelial cell of each group and expression of the PKC isoform was analyzed by RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) method. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis showed that PKCalpha, -betaI, -betaII, -eta, -micron and -zeta were expressed in vascular endothelial cells of each group. DMH incresed the expression of PKCalpha and PKCmicron, and decreased PKCbetaI, PKCbetaII expression dominantly. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it was suggested that PKCalpha and PKCmicron may have significant role in abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cell.
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine* ; Cell Proliferation ; Dimenhydrinate ; Endothelial Cells* ; Oxidoreductases ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; RNA ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine ; Umbilical Veins

CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule with numerous isoforms created by mRNA alternative splicing. Expression of CD44 variants has been suggested to play a potential role in tumor progression and metastasis. We designed primers CD44V, CD44V6/7, CD44R1 and CD44V6-10 to analyze and compare the roles of each CD44 variants. Expressions of CD44 variants were investigated in normal colonic mucosa, the lymph nodes which was histopathologically free of cancer cell, and cancer tissues of 44 human colorectal cancer patients by RT-PCR method. The expression of CD44V was observed in 28 out of 39 (71.8%) tumors and 7 out of 11 (63.6%) N1 normal regional lymph nodes, and CD44V6/7 was observed in 28 out of 39 (71.8%) tumors and 9 out of 11 (81.8%) N1 normal regional lymph nodes. The expressions of CD44V and CD44V6/7 were most frequently observed compared with any other CD44 variants. In normal colonic mucosa, the expression of CD44 variants are low but in cancer tissue and its regional lymph node, the expression of CD44V and CD44V6/7 were significantly higher and more frequent than any other CD44 variants (p<0.05). These results suggest that CD44V and CD44V6/7 can be a molecular marker for colorectal cancer and its micrometastasis to the regional normal lymph node.
Alternative Splicing ; Antigens, CD44/genetics* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology* ; Gene Expression ; Human ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology* ; Protein Isoforms/genetics

Many studies for verifying angiogenesis have been in progress, especially in the field of abnormal vascular proliferation to explain the pathogenesis and to develop a treatment of several diseases. In our previous experiments, endothelial cell proliferations were induced by DMH stimulation in vitro, and the 177 factors(142 up- regulated and 35 down-regulated factors) were identified. Among the up-regulated factors, 9 substances (EFEMP1, CTGF, CYR61, ITGbeta1, FHL2, SERPINE1, MYC, PTTG1 and MSH6) were selected, which were related to cell proliferation and showed high signal intensities. The RNA was isolated from HUVECs at the time of 0, 6, 12, 24 hours after the DMH treatment, and RNA of control group HUVECs was also isolated. Genetic information of selected molecules was used to make primer for each, and RT-PCR was performed to analyze both groups. In control and treatment groups, each substance presented variety of manifestation degree according to time differences. EFEMP1, CTGF, CYR61, ITGbeta1, FHL2 and MYC were related to abnormal vascular proliferation steadily and SERPINE1, PTTG1 and MSH6 were related secondarily. CTGF was related to both normal and abnormal proliferation, but it played a more significant role in abnormal proliferation from earlier stage. EFEMP1, CYR61, ITGbeta1, FHL2 and MYC were similar to CTGF, although the relation appeared lately. Further study should be performed to analyze the expressions and the interactions of growth factors, which could be utilized in the new therapeutic development.
Cell Proliferation ; Dimenhydrinate ; Dimethylhydrazines ; Endothelial Cells* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RNA ; Umbilical Veins

Computed tomography(CT) is a new and innovative radiologic technique, the diagnostic value of which has been well established by many reports. On account of its rapidity and non-invasiveness, CT has become the diagnostic precedure of choice for the initial evaluation of head trauma patients. The authors have performed CT scan using EMI-5005 on 5 cases of subdural hematoma during the period of 8 months from October 1977 to May 1978 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital. Various attenuation coefficients of hematoma such as hyperdense, hypodense, isodense and of mixed density were observed by the CT images. One case of isodensity hematoma were clearly identifiable by delayed enhancement technique, which had been confused by ordinary, noninfused method.
Brain* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To understand the pathogenesis of the disease that presents abnormally proliferated vascular endothelial cells, a model of DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine)-induced abnormal proliferation of HUVECs(Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) was made. We indirectly determined that Protein Kinase C(PKC) restricts the cellular proliferation and inhibits the manifestation of growth factor by using several inhibiting substances of the transmitter through our previous studies. Thereupon, we attempted to observe direct enzymatic activities of PKC and its correlation with the abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: 10(5) HUVECs cells were applied to 6 individual well plates in three different groups; A control group cultured without treatment, a group concentrated with 0.75x10(-8)M DMH only, and a group treated with DMH & 5x10(-9)M Calphostin C, inhibitor of PKC. In analyzing the formation of intracellular PKC enzyme, protein separation was performed, and separated protein was quantitatively measured. PKC enzyme reaction was analyzed through Protein Kinase C Assay System (Promega, USA), and the results were analyzed according to Beer's law. RESULTS: Enzymatic activity of PKC presented the highest in all reaction time of a group concentrated only with DMH, and the lowest in the control group. The group treated with DMH and the inhibitor revealed statistically lower enzymatic activity than group only with DMH in all reaction time, although higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: From the enzymatic aspect, most active and immediate reaction of the PKC was observed in the group concentrated with DMH only. The group treated with DMH & PKC inhibitor showed meaningful decrease. Accordingly, PKC holds a significant role in DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.
Cell Proliferation ; Dimenhydrinate ; Endothelial Cells* ; Jurisprudence ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Reaction Time ; Umbilical Veins

PURPOSE: DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine) has been known to induce vascular neoplasm such as malignant endothelioma in animal experiment, through induction of abnormal proliferation of HUVECs. In our previous studies, 11 types of PKC isoenzymes were determined by RT-PCR and the expression of PKCalpha, and mu was more prominent than other PKC isoenzymes in the DMH-treated group. However, this result was not based on objective assessment. In this study, we further evaluated the role of PKCalpha on the DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of HUVECs by two different methods to identify its presence with high relevance in objective view. PKCmu will be investigated in further study. METHODS: The study was conducted with the cultured HUVECs group(control) and the 0.75x10(-9)M DMH-treated group. After processing protein extraction in 0 and 24 hour, extracted protein was treated of quantitative test through BCA protein assay. In the western blot analysis, electrophoresis was performed in the order of gel preparation, sample preparation, and gel running. Electrotransfer to nitrocellulose membrane and reaction with antibody were done. Detection of PKCalpha was achieved through "Gel Image Analysis System". In the fluorescence immunocytochemical analysis, the grading of radiance of the intracellular PKCalpha particles was detected with confocal microscope after treating with primary and fluorescent secondary antibody in 0 and 24 hours. RESULTS: The Western blot analysis showed increased PKCalpha expression from the specimen obtained in 24 hour of the DMH treatment group when compared to those in control group. Under confocal fluorescence microscope, the emitting radiance in the DMH treated group was brighter at 24 hours as well. CONCLUSION: We believe that PKCalpha plays a role in DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of the vascular endothelium, which may provide insights in understanding the vascular neoplasm.
Animal Experimentation ; Blotting, Western ; Collodion ; Dimenhydrinate ; Electrophoresis ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Fluorescence ; Isoenzymes ; Membranes ; Protein Kinase C ; Running ; Vascular Neoplasms