No abstract available.
Burns* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Polydactyly*

It has been suspected that the cannula of the ultrasonic generator became heated during liposuction, and that the heated cannula might possibly damage the soft tissues such as vessels, nerves and muscles. To confirm these suspicions, the actual temperature of the cannula was measured after being switched on, and the influence of the heated cannula on the soft tissues of 30 rabbits was studied macroscopically and microscopically. When the cooling system of ultrasonic generator was not operated, the temperature of a cannula tip increased to 100degrees C in 10 seconds, and the temperature of a cannula shaft did not increase over 40 degrees C. When the cooling system of the ultrasonic generator was operated, the temperature of the cannula tip increased to 70 degrees C in 20 seconds and to 100 degrees C in 1 minute. The stronger ultrasonic power was, the higher the temperature of the cannula tip was. When the heated cannnula tip touched the muscles, vesseles and nerves directly, the arterial and venous walls were perforated in about 20 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively. Gross changes of the muscles, such as color change and depression of the contacted area, were seen in about 30 seconds, and histological changes occurred in about 3 seconds. When adding the Klein solution, an infiltration solution for increasing the destructive effects of the ultrasound, the onset time of tissue damage was significantly shortened in vessels and nerves, but there was no significant difference in muscles. Although there was no finding of damage by the ultrasonic wave itself on the vessels, nerves, and muscles during ultrasonic liposuction, this study confirmed that the heated cannula could damage vessels, nerves, and muscles. Thus we must try to avoid placing the cannula at certain areas for more than 10 seconds douring the ultrasonic liposuction.
Catheters* ; Depression ; Hot Temperature ; Lipectomy* ; Muscles* ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Molecular Biology

To investigate the factors which affecting the cognitive impairment of the 60 or more age group, the authors surveyed for the subjects in some area of Kyungnam Province. 201 studied subjects were tested for cognitive function with mini-mental state examination(MMSE). Information on demographic characteristics and life style has been collected through direct interview. The concentration of Al and Ca of subject's drinking water, which might be related with cognition, was measured by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrometer. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 18.4% in male and 45.2% in female and this sexual difference was statistically significant(p=0.03). And the uneducated or illiterated showed significantly high prevalence rate of cognitive impairment(p=0.02). 2. In stratified analysis by sex and education year, we can not see significant trend indicating the neurotoxic effects of aluminum and protective effects of calcium to the cognitive function(p>0.05). 3. The correlation between the concentration of aluminum in drinking water and the MMSE score in whole subjects showed weak negative relationship(r=-0.066). But there was no statistical significance(p=0.434).
Aged* ; Aluminum ; Argon ; Calcium ; Cognition ; Drinking Water ; Education ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Plasma ; Prevalence

Adult intussusception is rare involving of only 1% of the causes of bowel obstruction. We report a case of a 39-year-old female with intussusceptions due to inverted Meckel's diverticulum. She visited our hospital for diffuse abdominal pain during 1 week and aggravated abdominal pain for 2 days. Vital signs were stable, and there was periumbilical tenderness. She had no history of abdominal operation. CT scan showed a 3.7x2.1 cm of fatty mass with focal intussusception in the distal ileum. When the emergency operation was performed, the patient was found to be suffering from ileocolic intussusception. A manual reduction of intussusception showed inverted Meckel's deverticulum at 65 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, and the segmental resection of small bowel including a Meckel's diverticulum was performed. Pathologic examination revealed a Meckel's diverticulum containing a 0.6x0.6 cm sized aberrant pancreas.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Ileocecal Valve ; Ileum ; Intussusception ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Pancreas ; Stress, Psychological ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

BACKGROUND: Smoking greatly increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Besides direct harm from smoking, some dietary pattern of smokers have been reported to increase such risk. This study aimed to analyze various nutrients by smoking status, and to find out whether smokers maintain harmful dietary patterns. METHODS: One thousand and six hundred fourteen men were selected who visited the health promotion center of an university hospital in Seoul. The inclusion criteria was the completion of dietary survey. Dietary analysis was done by calculation of amounts of each nutrients from 24-hour recall method. We compared total intake of each nutrients and total calories by smoking status with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then we adjusted the results for exercise and education level by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). RESULTS: The study subjects were 840 current smokers (52.0%), 479 ex-smokers (29.7%) and 295 non-smokers (18.3%). The consumption of total fat and cholesterol was significantly high in smokers than non-smokers (P=0.012, P=0.005). The alcohol intake was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than non-smokers (P <0.001, P=0.007). The smokers and ex-smokers had less calcium than non- smokers (P=0.001, P=0.044). Furthermore, the smokers exercised less than ex-smokers and non-smokers (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The smokers consumed more total fat and cholesterol which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They also had less calcium and drank more alcohol. Comprehensive approach which includes intervention for dietary intakes in addition to smoking cessation is desirable to decrease health risk for smokers.
Analysis of Variance ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

This study was attempted to know the recent changes of the patterns of diseases among Korean children living inurban and rural areas. 21,498 sick-children, who admitted to the thirteen general hospitals which located in urban and rural areas during past five years from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1978, were analysed for this purpose. 13,759 sick-children(64.0%) were male, others were female and the ratio of sex was 1,8 : 1. 13,210 sick-children(61.4%)wers lived in large cities(over 500,000 population), 23.9% and 14.7$ of total sick-shildren were lived in small and medium sized cities(50,000~500,000 population) and rural areas respectively. There was a tendency to increase year by year in total number of sick children who admitted to the hospitals with the various kinds of diseases. The seasonal incidence of diseases was highest in summer, 27.9% of sick-children were admitted during summer season and the next season was fall. According to the classification of dieases in childhood (by WHO), the main diseases of sick-childen admitted at thirteen hopitals in this study were classified as respiratory tract diseases(6,044 cases, 28.1%), infection and parasitic diseases(5,605 cases, 26.1%) and neonatal disease(4,013 cases, 18.1%). Thr major ten leading causes of admission were as follows; pneumonia(13.6%), diarrheas(12.4%), prematurity(8.6%), neonatal jaundice(8.2%), URI(5.2%), bronchiolitis(3.6%), nephritis(3.3%), bacterial meningitis(3.1%), viral hepatitis(2,8%), pleurisy and empyema(2.4%). The characteristic patterns of diseases in each different resident areas were noted as follows; In large city the incidence of diseases such as intussusception, typhoid fever and hyperbilirubinemia were high comparing to other areas unexpectively. The occurrence of Japanese B encephalitis, tetanus neonatorum, poliomyelitis, septicemia, meningitis and tuberculosis were come into notice in rural areas. Diarrheal disease, prematurity, pyelonephritis and pertussis were still common in small and medium sized cities. The leading diseases in each age groups were; in neonatal period, prematurity(34.9%), hyperbilirubinemia(32.9%) and pneumonia(8.0%); in infancy, diarrheal diseases(28.2%), pneumonia(19.6%) and bronchiolitis(12.5%); in preschool period, pneumonia(16.2%), diarrheas(13.4%) and URI(6.8%); in school period, glomerulonephrithis(11.0%), pneumonia(9.7%) and viral hepatitis(8.1%); in adolescence, glomerulonephritis(11.5%), viral hepatitis(10.5%) and pneumonia(7.6%).
Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Incidence