No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Bezoars*

We evaluated Immunochromatographic assay kit to screen HBsAg in human serum. When the reference HBsAg was applyed to ICA, HA and EIA kits, the limit of detection for HBsAg were found out to be 4, 2 and 0.25 ng/ml respectively. But ICA kit required 5 minutes to read the result whereas HA and EIA kit more than one hour. The sensitivity was 97% (29 of 30 samples) and the specificity 100% (45 samples) compared with conventional EIA. The ICA kit needs no instrument or machine to perform the test contrary to the conventional methods. Therefore, this rapid and sensitive ICA kit can be used for HBsAg-screening, especially in the emergency room and in the scene of the accident.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunochromatography* ; Limit of Detection ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The interaction between succinylcholine (SCC) and anticholinegterase drugs is illustrated by the inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis or a decrease in pseudocholinesterase activity- The present study was performed in order to estimate the action duration of SCC and pseu- docholinesterase activity following the administeration of neostigmine or pyridostigmine. Thirty-two healthy adult patients under general inhalation anesthesia with either halothane or enflurane were given two 1 mg/kg doses of SCC intravenously. The first dose was givenimmediatelr before intubation while the tole second dose was administered when recovery to the single twitch response was at 75% following a 0.035 mg/kg dose of neostigmine (group l) or a 0.175 mg/kg dose of pyridostigmine (group ll). Delete this phase or explain it better , Electromrographic monitoring(with Relaxograph, ABM , Datex) was employed for the duration of the SCC-induced block. Pseudocholinesterase activity was measured immediately before the first dose of SCC, at the 75% twitch recovery after reversal, and at the 75% twitch recovery after the second dome of SCC. The duration of the second dose or SCC in groups l and ll, 31.62+/-5.91 and 29.94+/-6.91 min.. repectively, was significantly prolonged from that of the first dose(groups l and ll , 18.38+/-8.85 and 18.24+/-6.47 min., respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two groues, Train-of-four ratio following the second dose of SCC was found to be 74.44+/-19.12 and 51. 73+/-18.80 per cent in groups l and ll, respectively, and there was no difference between the two groups. The recovery of 75% single twitch from the second dose of SCC was observed, while pseudocholinesterase activity remained suppressed at 50.8 and 44.3 per cent in groups l and ll, respectively. It is suggested that the SCC-induced block following administration of anticholinesterase drugs such as neostigmine or pyridostigmine may be prolonged due to decreased pseudocho-linesterase activity and that the mode of action may be transformed to a phase ll block.
Acetylcholine ; Adult ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors* ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Intubation ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pseudocholinesterase ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Succinylcholine

This study was undertaken to determine the effect on blood gas determinations of an incomplete purging of the heparinized flush solution from an indwelling arterial catheter and pressure tubing. Arterial blood gases were measured serially after withdrawing 2,4,6,8,10, and 12 ml of flush-blood solution from a 20-gauge radial artery catheter which was connected to one of two kinds of pressure tubing (4-ft and 6-ft Cobe pressure lines). In those samples from the 4-ft Cobe pressure tubing the pH was nearly unchanged in samples 2 thru 6, while the PaCO2, PaO2, actual bicarbonate, and base excess remained approximately constant in samples 3 thru 6. The results of samples taken from the 6-ft tubing were that the pH remained unchanged from samples 3 to 6, and PaCO2, actual bicarbonate, and base excess remained the same from samples 4 onward. PaO2 was unchanged in all sample. In conclusion we suggest that at least 4 ml of blood from a 4-ft Cobe pressure tubing and 6 ml from a 6-ft tubing should be withdrawn prior to arterial blood gas measurements.
Arm/blood supply ; Arteries ; Blood Gas Analysis/instrumentation* ; Catheters, Indwelling* ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age

No abstract available.
Cell Count* ; HIV* ; Humans ; Panax*

Many technics have geen tried to avoid the adverse effects of succinylcholine administered for endotracheal intubation especially with the complications of hyperkalemia, aspiration pneumonis, increased intraocular pressure and postoperative muscle pain. One of these is that the prior administration of a small subparalizing dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant would shorten the onset time of an intubating dose of muscle relaxant. However, the priming dose, the intubating dose, and the time interval between these doses requires better definition. This study was undertaken to determine the intubating dose of a nondepolarizing agent, pancuronium bromide under the condition of fixed priming dose and administration interval time. Fifty five patients were divided randomly into three groups, administered intubating dose of 60(group l), 80(group ll) and 100(group lll) ug/kg including 20, 20 and 15 cases, respectively. The results are as follows: 1) Nine patients complained of blurred vision or diplopia after the administration of priming dose. 2) There was no difference of intubation condition between one and another group. 3) In the low grading of intubation condition, female patients were more distrbuted and better facilitated endotrscheal intubation than male patients(p<0.05). 4) There was no difference of interval time between the administration of intubating dose and the maximum depression of TOF in each group. The interval revealed 7.0+/-3.3, 6.2+/-3.3 and 5.4+/-2.4min. in l, ll and lll group, respectively. 5) The interval time between the administration of intubating dose and reappeared first twitch of TOF revealed 36.6+/-18.3, 45.7+/-17.6 and 65.4+/-22.2 min. in l, ll and lll group, respectively. The interval in group lll was significantly longer than that in group l and ll(p<0.05). In conclusion, the priming and intubating doses may not be required in the divided doses of pancuronium more than 15 and 100ug/kg, respectively.
Depression ; Diplopia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Male ; Myalgia ; Pancuronium* ; Succinylcholine

BACKGROUND: Tracheal extubation, as well as intubation, causes hypertension and tachycardia. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of verapamil, lidocaine to lidocaine-verapamil combination in attenuating the cardiovascular changes following tracheal extubation and emergence from anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty patients (ASA physical status 1) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=20 each) ; saline (control), 1 mg/kg lidocaine, 0.05 mg/kg verapamil and lidocaine-verapamil combination. These medication were given intravenously 2 min before tracheal extubation. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate were measured following tracheal extubation. RESULTS: Lidocaine, verapamil and their combination all attenuated the changes of heart rate and blood pressure. The inhibitory effect on changes of heart rate and blood pressure were miximum in group of the combination of lidocaine and verapamil. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the verapamil 0.05 mg/kg and lidocaine 1 mg/kg given iv concomitantly 2 min before tracheal extubation is a more effective prophylaxis than verapamil or lidocaine for attenuating the cardiovascular changes associated with tracheal extubation.
Airway Extubation* ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Lidocaine* ; Tachycardia ; Verapamil*

Extra-adrenal abdominal paragangliomas are rare. Most arise from the organs of Zuckerkandl, involve large concentrations of paraganglionic tissue, and are located in the para-aortic space along the sympathetic chain. Published reports have, however, described normal paraganglionic tissue at the root of the mesentery which serves as the superior limit of the organs of Zuckerkandl, and mesenteric paraganglioma is very rare. We report a case of paraganglioma with cystic degeneration arising from the mesentery.
Mesentery ; Para-Aortic Bodies ; Paraganglioma*

The 302 patients with head-injured military personnel who had admitted to the Department of neurosurgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital were clinicostatistically analysed and discussed with the review of the literatures. The results were as follows: The most common cause of head injury was traffic accident(38.4% of the total cases) and the next were, in order of incidence, simple fall(9.5%), exercise(3.9%), assault(13.5%) and gun shot wound or explosive injury(7.2%). 2) Skull fracture was identified in 214 cases;98 cases of linear, 87 cases of depressed, 4 cases of basal, 2 cases mixed skull fracture. 3) The 85.7% of epidural hematomas were associated with skull fracture and the most common site of hematoma was frontal area. 4) Of all cases of subdural hematoma, acute type was prevalent(67.9%) and its main involved wite was frontotemporoparietal areas. 5) The associated injuries were found in 35.7% of patients. 6) The minor head injury of which GCS is from 13 to 15 was 148 cases, the moderate head injury of which GCS is fromn 9 to 12 was 49 cases, the severe head injury of which GCS is form 3 to 8 was 105 cases. 7) Of 105 cases of severe head injured patients the mortality was 61.9% and good recovery was 7.6%. But outcome was different according not only to GCS but also the type of lesion. 8) The operative morality was 24.1% and the good recovery was achieved 55.2% of patients. The remaining 8.9% resulted in disabled or vegetative state. 9) In the accidents of gun shot wound or explosive injury, operation mortality rate was 31.8%, but 8 cases(36.3%) were seen good recovery.
Arm ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Military Personnel* ; Morals ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Skull Fractures ; Wounds and Injuries