No abstract available.
Animals ; Cats* ; Olfactory Bulb*

This statistical analysis of 4,709 legal autopsies performed in Korea in 2012 was conducted to obtain primary data about and related variables. The analysis revealed the following: 1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men was more than twice that among women. 2. With respect to mode of death, 54.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 39.2% were natural deaths, and 6.0% had unknown causes. Of the 2,581 unnatural deaths, 44.8% were accidental deaths; 27.2%, suicidal; 17.5%, homicidal; and 10.3%, undetermined. 3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 43.0% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading cause, accounting for 33.5% cases. Asphyxiation was accounted for 17.2%, among which the predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 12.5% of deaths were due to drowning; 11.5%, poisoning; 11.2%, thermal injuries; 2.7%, complications in medical procedures; and 0.3%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. 4. Among 1,847 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 50.2% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.7%. 5. There were 207 cases of deaths among children under the age of 10, of which 94 were unnatural and 49 were homicidal deaths. Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of these 67.6%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Poisoning ; Skeleton ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

The purpose of this study was to suggest menu pricing strategy based on understanding about customer perceived value of products and services. The technique known as PSM (Price Sensitivity Measurement) was used for analysis of price sensitivity for 3 menu items of a family restaurant in Seoul. A questionnaire was developed through literature review and modified after pilot test. Questionnaires for the main survey were distributed to 250 customers on their visit to the restaurant, and a total of 138 questionnaires were used for analysis (55.2%). The statistical analysis of price sensitivity was conducted using PSM, and descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS Win (12.0). The main results of this study were as follows: the price sensitivity of beef tenderloin steak was higher than two other menus and the stress range of teriyaki chicken was almost 0, that is, the price sensitivity of teriyaki chicken was very low. Present menu prices of 3 menu items were within the range of acceptable prices, but had some distances from the optimal pricing point. From the result of this study, it was concluded that price adjustment or price promotion strategy would be effective for increase in sales of beef tenderloin steak, and marketing strategies to enhance consumers' perceptions of value should be conducted for all menu items by situations. Overall, PSM technique could be a helpful tool for researchers and managers of foodservice organizations to understand how consumers' perceptions of value are affected by the interaction of price and quality.
Chickens ; Commerce ; Humans ; Marketing ; Restaurants* ; Seoul

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor of mesodermal origin that is infrequently diagnosed antemortem and survival is short. A 60 year old male case of pericardial mesothelioma (epitheloid type) is reported. He was admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital because of chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea and nonproductive cough. Chest x-ray suggested pericardial effusion. 2-D echocardiography showed echo free spaces of massive pericardial effusion and areas of thick hyperrefractile echoes arising from the pericardium. Pericardiocentesis was attempted and aspirated fluid was bloody exudates. Pericardial window operation with biopsy was done. Swan-Ganz catheterization showed equalization between right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The pathologic diagnosis was established by histologic finding at pericardial biopsy.
Atrial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Mesothelioma* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pericardium ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats* ; Uterus*

The purposes of this study were to investigate methods of applying activity-based cost to menu engineering and to examine the feasibility. A total of 6 menu items of XYZ restaurant in Seoul were selected and the ledger of September 2005 was used for menu analysis. The menu mix percent of beef sirloin steak (61.95%) and beef tenderloin steak (17.13%) were labeled as high, whereas BBQ pork ribs (4.94%), salmon fillet (2.66%), seafood platter (5.77%), and teriyaki chicken (7.56%) showed low menu mix percent. In addition, the contribution margin for BBQ pork ribs (29,000 won), salmon fillet (25,810 won), seafood platter (22,400 won), and teriyaki chicken (22,000 won) were higher than the average contribution margin (21,957 won), and those for beef sirloin steak (21,200 won) and beef tenderloin steak (21,900 won) were lower than average. When popularity and contribution margin were applied in menu engineering, BBQ pork ribs, salmon fillet, seafood platter and teriyaki chicken were classified as puzzles and beef tenderloin steak and beef sirloin steak as plowhorses. Menu engineering using popularity and operating profit, which was calculated from activity-based cost, also gave the same results, whereas the additional label for activity cost placed BBQ pork ribs and salmon fillet in the brain teaser category. Ranking analysis on variables estimating menu profitability using Spearman's rho revealed that there were no significant correlation between variables, which means the estimation of menu item profitability could differ by methods of analysis. With these results, it was concluded that activity-based cost would help to establish more detailed marketing strategy for a restaurant.
Brain ; Chickens ; Marketing ; Restaurants* ; Ribs ; Salmon ; Seafood ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate vinly chloride exposure in vinyl chloride and poly vinyl chloride manufacturing factories. The object of this study was compare two different type of air sampling method that of, NIOSH and OSHA recommended and Investigate quantitative correlation between level of vinyl chloride exposure and urinary thiodiglycolic acid excretion. METHODS: Air sampling was conducted by two method and sampling mediums were located at workers breathing zone in the same location. Sampling mediums were changed in 60 minute interval and sampling pumps were recalibrated at the same time. Urine was collected before and end of shift were stored frozen and determined by GC/FID analysis. RESULTS: In NIOSH method, time weighted average was 3.562 +/- 2.898 ppm and OSHA method time weighted average was 4.051 +/- 3.700 ppm. Concentration of urinary TdGA in before shift was 0.527 +/- 0.828 g/g creatinine and end of shift was 4.190 +/- 7.665 mg/g creatinine. Difference of urinary TdGA between end of shift to before shift was 3.662 +/- 7.865 mg/g creatinine. In NIOSH method, correlation coefficient between 8hour-time weighted average (8hrs-TWA) and urinary concentration of TdGA was r=0.666. and last period vinyl chloride level (6th-TWA) and urinary TdGA concentration was r=0.972. In OSHA method, correlation coefficient between last period vinyl chloride level (6th-TWA) and urinary concentration of TdGA was r=0.976 and this was highest value. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in NIOSH method and. OSHA method. A correlation were found between level of vinyl chloride exposure and urinary thiodiglycolic acid excretion. Also, vinyl chloride exposure had significantly effected on the urinary thiodiglycolic acid excretion.
Creatinine ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Respiration ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration ; Vinyl Chloride*

Ectopia cordis is defined as a congenital malposition of the heart partially or completely outside the thorax and often associated with sternal and congenital heart defects:surgical repair is generally unsuccessful because of the magnitude of the deformity and the associat-ed intracardiac anormalies. Four types of ectopia cordis are described : cervical, thoracic, abdominal and thoracoa- bdominal. Cervical and thoracic type are often fatal within days, because the heart is expo- sed and malformed. Abdominal type carries a better prognosis because cardiac abnormalities are less often found. The prognosis of thoraco-abdominal type mainly depends on the pre- sence of intracardiac abnormalities. We have experienced a case of thoracic ectopia cordis at 25 weeks' gestation by ultra- sonography, so present the case and the review with literature briefly.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectopia Cordis* ; Heart ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Thorax

Aortic dissection is clinically suspected from the typical symptoms and signs and may be confirmed by computed tomography or aortography. But atypical presentations can be seen in a minority of cases, such as SVC syndrome, right pulmonary artery stenosis etc. We present a case which was initially suspected to be a right atrial tumor because of a large filling defect in the right atrium on radionuclide angiocardiography but finally confirmed to be dissection of ascending aorta by computed tomography.
Angiocardiography ; Aorta ; Aortography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Heart Atria ; Pulmonary Artery

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using a resorbable barrier manufactured from an copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic-glycolic acid(PLGA) with those of nonresorbable ePTFE bdmer. Thirty two patients(25 to 59 years old) with one radiographically evident intrabony lesion of probing depth > or =6mm participated in a Gmonth controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into three independent groups. The fist group(n=8) received a ePTFE barrier. The second group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier. The third group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier combined with an alloplastic bone graft. Plaque index (PI), gingival index(GI), probing depth(PD) , gingival recession, clinical attachment level(CAL), and tooth mobility were recorded prior to surgery and at 3,6 months postsurgery. Statistical tests used to analyze these data included independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Probing depth was significantly reduced in all groups at 3,6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 2. Clinical attachment level was significantly increased in all groups at 3, 6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 3. There were not signifiicant differences in probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth mobility between second group (PLA/PLGA barrier) and third group (PLA/RLGA barrier combined with alloplastic bone graft) 4. Tooth mobility was not significantly increased in all groups at 3,6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. In conclusion, PLA/PLGA resorbable barrier has similar clinical potential to ePTFE barrier in GTR procedure of intrabony pockets under the present protocol.
Gingival Recession ; Guided Tissue Regeneration* ; Humans* ; Methods ; Tooth Mobility ; Transplants