OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity and accuracy of thermistor airflow signal has been debated. The purposes of this study were to compare apnea-hypopnea index(AHI) detected from a conventional thermistor signal and a nasal pressure transducer of airflow(NPT), to evaluate the value of NPT for the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), and to measure airway pressure fluctuations which produced respiratory arousals in UARS by naso-oro-esophageal manometer catheter. The subjects were 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [mild(540), 10), and 6 UARS patients. Airway resistance arousal in this study was defined as arousals which were not associated with apnea or hypopnea of thermistor signal, but showed significant decrease of nasal airflow pressure just before arousal and a prompt recovery of nasal airflow pressure after arousal, The airway pressure fluctuations were measured during 260 airway resistance arousals observed in 10 patients with OSAS, 2 with UARS. RESULTS: Mean AHIs of patients with OSAS were 33.4 by thermistor and 48.4 by NPT. The AHIs of mild, moderate and severe OSAS group were 10.2, 32.1, 65.4 respectively by thermistor and 23.1, 45.9, 76.4 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with UARS was 3.2 by tehrmistor and 108 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with nonspecific arousals was 2.7 by thermistor and 4.4 by NPT. The mean airway pressure changes during resiratory arousals of different groups were 8.7 cmH2O in mild OSAS, 11.4 cmH2O in moderate OSAS, 24.7 cmH2O in severs OSAS and 6.6 cmH2O in UARS. CONCLUSION: The nasal pressure transducer of airflow was more sensitive and accurate for assessing respiratory disturbances of patients with OSAS and was extremely helpful for the diagnosis of UARS without esophageal pressure monitoring. From the results, we would like to propose carefully the NPT diagnostic criteria for sleep disordered breathing as follows : NPT-AHI 5-15->UARS, 15-35->mild OSAS, 35-55->moderate OSAS and >55 ->severe OSAS.
Airway Resistance* ; Apnea ; Arousal ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Transducers, Pressure

BACKGROUND: Combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) is used for obtaining adventages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia. But it might be suspected that epidural volume load affect spinal sensory blockade level during CSE. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower extremity operation were involved in our study. Subarachnoid block with 12mg of tetracaine was established in all patients. Four groups were studied. Group 1 (n=20), the control, received only spinal anesthesia. Group 2 (n=20), group 3 (n=20) and group 4 (n=20) received 10, 15 and 20 ml of epidural saline immediately after spinal anesthetic administration. Sensory blockade level was checked by pinprick test at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 and 90 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate and incidence of complications such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and high block were measured. RESULTS: The sensory blockade level of groups 3 and 4 was higher than group 1 (p<0.05). Blood pressure and heart rate were not different compared with each other. The incidence of complications, except that higher block above T4 in group 4 was more than in group 1 (p<0.05), were not different when compared with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural saline above 15 ml may affect sensory blockade level of spinal anesthesia during CSE.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nausea ; Tetracaine

No abstract available.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Humans ; Stroke*

The present study was designed to identify the sequential electrophysiological findings ant to determine the prognostic values of electrophysiological and clinical pararneters in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Severely affected 42 subjects (Grade D,E). Who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of GBS were selected. Twentynine patients were followed up at least 6 months (range 6-24 months) from the onset of neurologic syrnptorns. We analyzed 83 electrodiagnostic studies from 42 subjects. The sequential electrophysiological abnorrnalities were most marked at 3-4 weeks after the onset. At that time the most significant change was a decrease of CMAP amplitude. By stepwise discriminant analysis of several electrophysiological parameters, the three variables, of CMAP amplitude, distal conduction velocity; and F-wave latency were deterrnined to be significant pararneters. The accuracy of predicting the prognosis at 6 months was 82. 8%, when the classification functions were applied. Nlerefore the findings of early electrophysiological studies would be irnportant in understanding the serial pathophysiological changes and assessing the clinical outcorne of Guillain-Barre syndrorne.
Ants ; Classification ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Prognosis

In order to survey the reality of anxiety and depression among the Koreans residing in china, a study was conducted between January and March of 1991, on the residents of Yun-Kil city, with subjects of 472 Koreans and 479 Chinese. The evaluation was based on the questionnaires, named Combined self-rating anxiety depression scale (CADS), distributed among the subjects. ANOVA and t-test were applied for data processing. The results were as follows: There was not significant difference in the mean of total scores between the two groups. The scores of Koreans were 29.70±7.03, while those of Chinese were 29.45±9.01. The score of the CADS above 50 (clinically significant level) was seen in 12 (2.54%) Koreans and 21 (4.38%) Chinese. The anxiety-depression scores relating to the items of indigestion and decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, apprehension, decreased libido were relatively high among the Koreans. The items appeared low in scores among the Koreans were faintness, fear, suicidal rumination, hopelessness, paresthesias. The highs among the Chinese were facial flushing, anxiousness, dissatisfaction, suicidal rumination. The items appeared low among the Chinese were fear, faintness, paresthesias, weight loss, suicidal rumination. In the compatison of evaluation by items between the two groups, the items placing the Koreans significantly higher over the Chinese are indigestion & decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, apprehension, decreased libldo. The Chinese marked significantly higher in facial flushing, anxiousness, dissastisfaction, suicidal rumination. Those in the case of female (p<0.01 respectively), less than twenty years old (p<0.01 respectively), dissatisfied with family relationship (p<0.01 respectively), with past history of psychiatric hospitalization (Koreans p<0.01, Chinese p<0.05), pessimistic toward future, present, past self image (p<0.01 respectively) had significantly higher scores in both groups. In religion, neither group showed significant difference. In religion, neither group showed significant difference. In marital status, the Koreans showed a higher degree of divorce and separation and the Chinese in singleness (p<0.01 respectively). The Korean were higher in illiteracy and the Chinese had more college education (p<0.01 respectively). In place of growth, The Koreans showed not much difference in the areas while more Chinese grew up un large cities (p<0.01). More Koreans lived in the dormitory while the Chinese were engaged more in self-cooking (p<0.01 respectively), In pocket money per mouth, more Koreans were less than 1 dollar while the Chinese were between 7 and 10 dollars (p<0.01 respectively). There were no significant difference between two groups about religion.
Anxiety* ; Appetite ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China* ; Depression* ; Divorce ; Dyspepsia ; Education ; Ethnopsychology ; Family Relations ; Female ; Flushing ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Libido ; Literacy ; Marital Status ; Mouth ; Paresthesia ; United Nations ; Weight Loss

Severe limitation of knee motion is a complication of operative procedures or trauma about the knee. Physical therapy and occasionally manipulation of knee with anesthesia may improve results when performed soon after the onset of motion limitation. When performed later, these have been proven less useful. This is a review of 15 patients who had severe limitation of knee motion following open operative procedures or trauma about knee and were treated by percutaneous release of adhesions under arthroscopic control. There were eleven males and four females, ranging in age from 23-67years(mean 38 years). The interval between the last open operative procedure or trauma and arthroscopic adhesiolysis ranged from three and half months to four years(mean 11.5 months). The interval between arthroscopic adhesiolysis and final follow-up evaluation ranged from 6 months to 3 years(mean 1.5 years). Average preoperative knee motion was 38.2 degrees. After arthroscopic adhesiolysis, maximum knee motion under anesthesia was 120.3 degrees and average final motion at follow-up was 101.2 degrees. The results of treatment of treatment of Tbc knee sequalae with secondary osteoarthritis and pyogenic arthritis were less favorable for motion improvement. Arthroscopic adhesiolysis seems to be a useful method of treatment in knee ankylosis. Morbidity was low, complications were few and the duration of hospital stay was short.
Anesthesia ; Ankylosis ; Arthritis ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

BACKGROUND: Tourniquet pain is probably mediated by C-fiber. The ability of fentanyl to interrupt this nociceptive conduction was studied by administering either fentanyl or saline intrathecally along with hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. METHOD: The incidence of tourniquet pain was evaluated in 60 patients having orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities during spinal anesthesia by administering either 30 mcg fentanyl (group 2) or saline (group 1) along with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg. We measured the maximal sensory spread of analgesia to pinprick, the incidence of tourniquet pain, and the sensory anesthesia to pinprick at the onset of tourniquet pain. RESULTS: The average maximal sensory spread of analgesia was the same in both groups (T9). The incidence of tourniquet pain was significantly greater in group 1 (33%) than in group 2 (10%). The sensory levels of anesthesia at the onset of tourniquet pain were not different in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal fentanyl was effective against tourniquet pain for 2 hours of the orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Tourniquets*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the diametral tensile strength of polymer-based temporary crown and fixed partial denture (FPD) materials, and the change of the diametral tensile strength with time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One monomethacrylate-based temporary crown and FPD material (Trim) and three dimethacrylate-based ones (Protemp 3 Garant, Temphase, Luxtemp) were investigated. 20 specimens (the empty set 4 mm x 6 mm) were fabricated and randomly divided into two groups (Group I: Immediately, Group II: 1 hour) according to the measurement time after completion of mixing. Universal Testing Machine was used to load the specimens at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, the multiple comparison Scheffe test and independent sample t test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Trim showed severe permanent deformation without an obvious fracture during loading at both times. There were statistically significant differences among the dimethacrylate-based materials. The dimethacrylate-based materials presented an increase in strength from 5 minutes to 1 hour and were as follows: Protemp 3 Garant (23.16 - 37.6 MPa), Temphase (22.27 - 28.08 MPa), Luxatemp (14.46 - 20.59 MPa). Protemp 3 Garant showed the highest value. CONCLUSION: The dimethacrylate-based temporary materials tested were stronger in diametral tensile strength than the monomethacrylate-based one. The diametral tensile strength of the materials investigated increased with time.
Acrylic Resins ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Collodion ; Composite Resins ; Crowns ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Methacrylates ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Tensile Strength

PURPOSE: Purpose of this study was to examine the impact of group dynamic imagery therapy on job stress and psychosocial stress of female nurses. METHODS: The research questions were tested through a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest design. Seventy-seven female nurses from G University Hospital in J City participated in this study; 38 of them were assigned to the experimental group, and the rest were assigned to the control group. Once a week for 8 continuous weeks, participants in the experimental group had 90-minute group dynamic imagery therapies. RESULTS: 1) The level of job stress was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group, and 2) The level of Psychosocial stress was also significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that group dynamic imagery therapy can be an effective intervention against job stress and psychosocial stress of female nurses.
Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Diet and weight concerns are commonplace and almost accepted features of life for girls during adolescence. Until recently, younger age groups haue largely been ignored, as these concerns were thought to be a product of pubertal development and sexual maturity. Girls under the age of fifteen therefore, have been assumed to be free of the pressures experienced by adult women. However, this belief is now hard to sustain. The object of the present study was to investigate the self-perception and body shape satisfaction in different weight categories of boys and girls aged 12-years old in Korea. METHODS: In May, 1995, one hundred and sixty seven boys and one hundred and twenty girls from two schools in Seoul completed assessments of body-esteem, self-esteem, body shape preference. The children's body weight and height were also measured. RESULTS: The heaviest children expressed the most discontent, having a low body-esteem, a desire for thinness. By the age of 12, girls boys already differ in their body shape satisfaction and differ in their body shape aspirations. There was a significant effect of weight category on the children's body esteem(boys(P =.005), girls(P=.0001). Children in both extreme categories, under-and over-weight, had lower body-esteem scores than those in other weight categories. However, it was the overweight children who had the lowest. reported body-esteem. Body esteem was highest among girls in the 'slightly underweight' category and highest among boys on the 'average weight' category. There was no effects of either weight category or gender on the childrens appraisal of self-esteem. A comparison of the points chosen on the silhouette scales to reflect current and preferred body shapes revealed clear gender differences. Of the girls, 63% placed their preferred body shape at a point thinner than their currently perceived shape, while only 15% chose a broader figure. In contrast,, 41% of the boys rated their preferred figure as broader than their current perception, and 37% as thinner than their current perception. CONCLUSIONS: This study has noted a relationship between body weight and self-perception in 12-year old children. The heaviest children expressed low body-esteem, a desire for thinness. This pattern was more characteristic of girls than boys. Even at this age, well before they have completed physical maturation, girls are aspiring to a body shape which is thinner than their average. This discontent experienced by the heaviest children on this sample was apparent in their lower body-esteem and the distance between their current and preferred body shapes. The girls preference was for thinness, while in the boys it was for a body shape which was broader than their current shape. From their responses, it would appear that the boys' desire was not for fatness, but for a more athletic and muscular build.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Overweight ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Sports ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures