The antihypertensive effect of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, was studied in 12 cases of essential hypertension (mean age 49, range 24-64). After 6 weeks administration (80-160mg t.i.d.), the following results were obtained : 1) Before medication, average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 176.3/108.6mmHg. After completion of therapy, blood presure fell significantly down to 154.8/94.2mmHg (p<0.01). 2) Heart rate decreased slightly from average 74.3 per minute prior to medication to 69.3 per minute at the end of study (p<0.01). 3) Side effects, among which constipation was most common, were mild and did not compel any patient to diacontinue therapy. In conclusion, verapamil seems to be a safe and effective first-line drug for hypertension along with diuretics or beta blockers.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium Channels ; Constipation ; Diuretics ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Verapamil*

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis is a rare cause of severe respiratory distress in the newborn period and most of these patient die, usually within the first 24 hours of life. The light microscopic characteristics of the lungs are a network of partly tubular, partly cystically enlarged lymph vessels within large areas of connective tissue and they have thin wall lined by endothelium. Also congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis is closely associated with cardiovascular malformation, and most frequently occurs in the clinical setting of congenital heart disease with or without pulmonary venous obstruction(total anomalous venous return, atresia of large pulmonary veins) The authors describe three typical cases of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis.
Connective Tissue ; Endothelium ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Lymphangiectasis* ; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Recurrence*

The present study has been performed to investigate the neural axis of rat digastric muscle using viral tracer, pseudorabies virus. The upper nuclei to innervate digastric muscle were in accumbens nucleus, agran-ular insular cortex, central nucleus of amygaloid, lateral septal nucleus, frontal cortex, and subfornical organ etc, in telencephalon ; arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypot-halamic area, medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial hypot-halamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and retrochiasmatic area etc, in diencephalon ; nucleus Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of the medial logitudinal fasciculus, parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, nucleus of posterior commissure, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus etc, in mesencephalon ; giganto-cellular reticular nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe obscuous nucleus, nucleus of solitary tracts, lateral reticular nucleus, parvocellular reticular nucleus, area postrema, facial nucleus, pontine reticular nucleus, pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve and spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve etc, in rhombencephalon. There are significant difference of numbers of PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells between right and left sides of brain in almost nuclei[P< 0.05]. But PRV-Ba immunoreactive cells were observed only ipsilaterally in accessory trigeminal motor nucleus, accessory facial nucleus and agranular insular cortex. Frontal cortex was the only area which were shown contralateral immunoreactivity. The results of this study provide anatomical support that both the cranial and caudal bellies are innervated by the same upper nuclei. The results also support the suggestion that the lower nuclei of digastric muscle, accessory trigeminal motor nucleus and accessory facial nucleus consist of somatotopic motor complex.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mesencephalon ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Red Nucleus ; Rhombencephalon ; Septal Nuclei ; Subfornical Organ ; Substantia Nigra ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Telencephalon ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nuclei

BACKGROUND: Soluble IL-2R, soluble CD8 and TNF-alpha are elevated in sera of some patients with hematological malignancies, and a marked elevation of these cytokines could be used to assess disease activity and prognosis in this malignancy group. METHODS: The serum levels of sIL-2R, sCD8 and TNF-alpha were assessed in 28 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 32 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 39 cases of healthy control subjects to define clinical usefulness as prognostic markers by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: In MDS patients, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher as compared with controls, and a more pronounced increase of serum sIL-2R levels was found in patients with RAEB RAEB-t and CMML as compared with RA and RARS. Serum sCD8 levels were higher as compared with controls, but not related with FAB classification. In patients with leukemic conversion. sCD8 levels tended to be higher as compared with patients with non-conversion. The sIL-2R levels of AML patients were significantly higher than controls, and a significant correlation was detected between the levels of sIL-2R and WBC counts. Higher sIL-2R levels( >2000 U/ml) tended to affect both complete remission rate and survival. Serum sCD8 levels were higher than controls, but not related to FAB classification. No differences of serum TNF-alpha levels were detected as compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, this study indicates that serum sIL-2R and sCD8 are significantly increased in some patients with MDS and AML, and increased levels of serum sIL-2R and sCD8 may be useful for predicting prognosis of these patients.
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts ; Classification ; Cytokines ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Prognosis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Lung*

This study was conducted to assess dietary pattern and dietary diversity of preschool children by investigating their food consumption. To accomplish this, dietary intake survey (24 hour-recall food diary) was administered to 508 children aged between 4 to 6 years old from 4 kindergartens in the Daegu area (415 were completed). By using CAN pro 3.0 for professionals, the dietary patterns and dietary diversity scores of each food group were examined by age and sex. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0, and chi-square t-test and Anova test, and Duncan's multiple range test used for verifying significance. For 4~5- year-old group, boys had significantly more fruit and meats than girls (p<0.05), but girls had more dairy food than boys with no ignificance. For 6-year-old group, boys had significantly more foods, milk and dairy foods than girls (p<0.05), and also boys had more vegetables and fruit than girls with no significance. For DDS (Dietary Diversity Score), the score of 6-year-old group was significantly higher than that of younger children (p<0.05) and the older the age was, the higher the score was. Dietary Pattern (GMVFD) was verified by 8 types, and the ratio of taking all five food groups (GMVFD = 11111) of the 6-year-old group was 48.8%. Children with older ages had more various foods than younger ones (p<0.05). In addition, the ratio of taking less than the minimal intake of dairy foods of girls (48.1%) was higher than that of boys (41.3%). As results, unbalanced diet, overeating and not eating unbalanced diet were revealed as the problematic dietary habits among preschool children, and those habits may change positively with knowledge on nutrition grow on. Therefore, nutritional characteristics and importance of preschool children should be taught to parents and caregivers, and it must be practical and ready to use in cooking for these children to healthy dietary habits.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cooking ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meat ; Milk ; Parents ; Vegetables

No abstract available.
Thorax* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

Meningiomas is the usually slow-growing lesions that present either with vague nonlocalizing symptoms or with focal findings referable to compression of underlying brain. Cerebral infarction by meningiomas is unusual, especially as the initial presentation in a patient, and association with sudden death is extremely rare. The authors report the clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a case of cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis of the right middle cerebral artery following direct compression of a right temporal lobe meningioma. A 48-year-old woman developed a history of sudden neurologic deterioration, and shortly after she died. CT showed a large cerebral infarction in the right lobe. Autopsy revealed a right temporal lobe meningioma associated with right middle cerebral artery thrombosis, which made a large cerebral infarction.
Autopsy ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Death, Sudden ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Temporal Lobe ; Thrombosis