BACKGROUND: Smoking greatly increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Besides direct harm from smoking, some dietary pattern of smokers have been reported to increase such risk. This study aimed to analyze various nutrients by smoking status, and to find out whether smokers maintain harmful dietary patterns. METHODS: One thousand and six hundred fourteen men were selected who visited the health promotion center of an university hospital in Seoul. The inclusion criteria was the completion of dietary survey. Dietary analysis was done by calculation of amounts of each nutrients from 24-hour recall method. We compared total intake of each nutrients and total calories by smoking status with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then we adjusted the results for exercise and education level by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). RESULTS: The study subjects were 840 current smokers (52.0%), 479 ex-smokers (29.7%) and 295 non-smokers (18.3%). The consumption of total fat and cholesterol was significantly high in smokers than non-smokers (P=0.012, P=0.005). The alcohol intake was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than non-smokers (P <0.001, P=0.007). The smokers and ex-smokers had less calcium than non- smokers (P=0.001, P=0.044). Furthermore, the smokers exercised less than ex-smokers and non-smokers (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The smokers consumed more total fat and cholesterol which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They also had less calcium and drank more alcohol. Comprehensive approach which includes intervention for dietary intakes in addition to smoking cessation is desirable to decrease health risk for smokers.
Analysis of Variance ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of obesity has increased, the management of obesity has become important as well. The assessment of abdominal obesity is necessary, because it is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Although WHO Western Pacific Region recommends measurement of waist circumference as well as BMI, there is no data that supports screening and management of obesity in a Health Promotion Center (HPC). Therefore, surveys concerning such issues were done among HPCs in Seoul, Incheon and Kyonggi. METHODS: From April to May 2002, we investigated 115 general hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, Kyonggi and recruited 94 subjects. We obtained the data from a doctor or a nurse who worked in a HPC by telephone survey. RESULTS: The number of respondents was 100 among 115 and in 94 subjects we obtained detailed information. For criteria of obesity, the proportion of hospitals that used the BMI was 35.1%, and those that use the ideal body weight was 50.0%. For criteria of overweight, the BMI was used in 19.1%, and the ideal body weight in 44.7%. Those who did not use any method was 27.7%. Those using the criteria of abdominal obesity was 35.1%, but only 14.9% used waist circumference and 16.9% used bioelectrical impedance analysis. Diet control and exercise was recommended in 57.4% and 61.4%, respectively. Drug therapy was used in 38.2%. CONCLUSION: Although WHO Western Pacific Region recommends a new criteria of obesity, many HPCs do not follow them. Especially, the degree of recognition for abdominal obesity was low. Effort to assess and manage obesity adequately is necessary.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Drug Therapy ; Electric Impedance ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Promotion* ; Hospitals, General ; Ideal Body Weight ; Incheon ; Mass Screening* ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Telephone ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: Despite growing awareness of health behavior, making actual behavioral change seems to be more complex. This study assessed factors influencing discrepancy between the awareness and health behavior in Korean middle-aged people. METHODS: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1,047 middle-aged Koreans was carried out in 2004. Through the survey, the agreement between the level of awareness and health behavior was analyzed. And factors related to health-risk behaviors in the group of appropriate awareness were analyzed. RESULTS: In the group of appropriate awareness, males tended to be smokers, problem-drinkers and were not maintaining normal weight. In men, younger age, longer work-hours and more frequent stress were significantly related to both smoking and problem-drinking despite appropriate awareness. Higher income and blue-color working class were also predictors for the problem- drinking. In women, older age, lower education, lower income and comorbid disease were significantly related to abnormal weight. Physical inactivity was significantly related to lower education, longer working hours and lower income. CONCLUSION: This study showed that sociodemographic factors and stress were related with health-risk behavior with appropriate awareness in middle-aged people. These findings are expected to have implications for development of health promotion program focusing on stress management, improvement of sociocultural perception and simultaneous intervention for both smoking and alcohol. For middle-aged Korean women, more efforts must be made to remove economical and sociocultural barriers.
Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telephone

We report a case of heart-lung transplantation in a 32 year-old female with Eisenmenger syndrome secondary to patent ductus arteriosus. She has been suffered from congestive heart failure since June 1996 and repeatedly treated at Intensive Care Unit with intravenous inotropic support since July 1997. Preoperative echocardiography showed a patent ductus arteriosus with right to left shunt, severe regurgitation of tricuspid valve and estimated right ventricular systolic pressure of 100mmHg. The brain-dead donor was an 18 year-old male with head trauma from traffic accident 3 days ago. Heart-lung block procurement was performed at another general hospital and was transported to the Seoul National University Hospital by ambulance. Total ischemic time of the transplanted heart and lung were 249 minutes and 270 minutes, respectively. The immunosuppressive therapy was commenced preoperatively with cyclosporine and azathioprine. Corticosteroid was not used until postoperative 3 weeks in order to avoid infection and delayed healing at the tracheal anastomotic site. The patient was discharged at 31st postoperative day, and has been regularly followed up at outpatient clinic without specific complication. The follow-up bronchoscopy, performed 2 weeks and 4 months after surgery, revealed no evidence of cellular rejection.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ambulances ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Azathioprine ; Blood Pressure ; Bronchoscopy ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Cyclosporine ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography ; Eisenmenger Complex ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart-Lung Transplantation* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Male ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors ; Tricuspid Valve

BACKGROUND: There have been many efforts to determine maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) of elective surgery in Korea since 1980?. But most of these data were confined to single hospital, so it was somewhat irrelevant to suggest them as general data in Korea. In this study, we tried to establish MSBOS which can be suggested as substantial and objective data in our country and to increase the efficiency of limited blood products. METHODS: From September 2003 to February 2004, we analyzed average RBC utilization for elective surgery in four university hospitals (Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ajou University Hospital) by referring to anesthesiologic records and blood delivery sheets. Also, we established MSBOS range in operations performed more than five times in three among four hospitals. RESULTS: Sixty-seven operations were analyzed in our study and 18 of them were performed in department of general surgery. Type and screen (T&S) was recommended in 69.8~83.6% and the percentage of operations recommended as T&S in all four hospitals was 52.2%. Operations of obstetric/gynecology, urology and otorhinolaryngology were mostly applicable to T&S. CONCLUSION: We suggested comprehensive and substantial MSBOS range by analyzing the operations performed in four hospitals whose operation numbers ranged from 470 to 1,200 per month. It was considered that MSBOS range, which could be applicable to various hospitals, should be reestablished and enforced regularly to decrease medical cost and improve blood utility
Appointments and Schedules* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, University ; Korea* ; Otolaryngology ; Urology