No abstract available.
Ophthalmology*

Here, we report 3 cases of mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland. The age of the patients were 43, 26 and 35 respectively. The two of these were male and one female. The most outstanding complaint was exopthalmos. A mass was palpated on the orbit and eye ball deviation in downward position was present in all cases. Pathologic findings were mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland with no evidence of malignancy. These tumors were well encapsulated and any evidence of involving bone and soft tissue was not found. Modified Kroenlein-Berke operation was performed and tumor mass was removed entirely with finger dissection in all cases. The vision was not improved but the cosmetic result was satisfactorr.
Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Male ; Orbit

There were many instances in which glaucoma, esp. primary, combined with hearing disturbance. The etiology of these cases has not been known until now. We had 15 primary glaucoma patients for whom pure tone audiometry wa~ performed, and could find the hearing defect in high tone in 5 cases (1/3 among those patients). The audiometric curve was similar to that in the presbycusis, but severer in degree than that occured within the normal physiological aging process. The average age was 62.4 year in the group with the hearing defect, and 45.6 year in the group without the hearing defect. There were no relationship between the hearing defect and intraocular tension, visual field change, glaucomatous cupping, and duration of glaucoma. These results may support the opinion of the authors that the hearing disturbance in glaucomatous patients is related to the arterioscIerotic changes which aggrevate the presbycusis, and not related to glaucoma itself. On the otherhand, however, it is stilI impossible for us to rule out that the pleiotropic and multifactorial genetic factors may play as a common important role in the hearing disturbances and glaucoma. And further studies would be necessary for these problems.
Aging ; Audiometry ; Glaucoma* ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Presbycusis ; Visual Fields

The tension lowering effects of Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are well known and they are widely used against a various forms of glaucomas. This paper deals with the clinical experiences in normal and glaucomatous human eyes with Diamox-Sequels, kindly supplied by Lederle Laboratories and Yuhan Corp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal healthy persons, 15 females and 20 males, were studied on their 45 eyes. Glaucomatous disease had been ruled out by careful examinations of intraocular pressure, visual fields and fundus. They had been also checked for the diurnal variations of intraocular pressure during the daytime. One capsule (500mg) of Diamox Sequels was given to each individual and the changes in the intraocular pressure were studied at various time intervals up to 53 hours after the administration. Tonometry was carried out by the Goldmann's applanation tonometer. The effects of Diamox Sequels on the glaucomatous eyes were studied in the same way. The glaucomatous eyes included 10 eyes of 7 chronic simple glaucoma patients, 5 eyes of 3 chronic narrow-angle glaucoma patients and 5 eyes of 5 secondary glaucoma subjects. They received one capsule of Diamox Sequels and the intraocular pressure was measured one or two times daily. The results of long-term treatment were also studied by daily administration of one capsule of Diamox Sequels, follow-up periods being from 3 to 19 days. No medication, oral or local, of antiglaucomatous drugs were allowed for at least 3 days prior to this study. The differences due to age, sex and type of glaucoma were not considered here. At the same time, the effects of a single 500mg of ordinary Diamox tablet were studied in normal ~md glaucomatous eyes. RESULTS: (1) Normal eyes. The intraocular pressure began to fall 1 hour after the administration. The tension gradually fell and the maximal reduction of tension occurred after 9.8 hours and the extent of maximal fall was 4.5mm Hg on the average, 29.4 % of the original intraocular pressure. The tension gradually rose and returned to the original level between 23~50 hours (average 43 hours). Side effects were noted in 4 cases, e.g., 11.4 %. (2) Glaucomatous eyes. The effects were noted within the first 1~2 hours and became maximal after 13 hours, the extent of the maximal fall 40.1 % of the original pressure, e.g., 16.2 mmHg. The original tension was restored after 30 hours. By long-term administration of Diamox Sequels, 8 eyes(40 %) showed excellent results, their intraocular pressure maintained below 21 mmHg. Sede-effects were noted in 3 cases(20.0 %). COMMENTS: The effects of Diamox Sequels and Diamox tablet on normal and glaucomatous subjects were summarized in table 1. As shown, Diamox Sequels has the longer duration of hypotensive actions and the time of maximal fall of intraocular pressure delayed considerably, as compared with Diamox tablet. In almost all cases, its action continued for more than 24 hours. In glaucomatous eyes, the time of maximal reduction of ocular tension was slightly later and the maintenance of low tension was slightly shorter than those in normal eyes. The extent of the maximal fall, however, was almost the same after administration of Diamox Sequels and Diamox. Side effects were encountered in 11~20% of cases by Diamox Sequels, and in 40-60% of cases by Diamox. This is one of the most striking advantages of Diamox Sequels over Diamox. Thus it is concluded that Diamox Sequels has the longer hypotensive actions and fewer side effects.
Acetazolamide* ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry ; Strikes, Employee ; Visual Fields

Foveal hypoplasia has been described in association with aniridia, albinism, microphthalmia and achromatopsia. Isolated foveal hypoplasia unassociated with other ocular abnormalities has been rarely reported and is regarded as a rare condition. Authors experienced two cases of isolated foveal hypoplasia in the same family. A 30-year-old woman and her 3-year-old daughter presented with a complaint of poor visual acuity and nystagmus. Ophthalmoscopic examination of their both eyes revealed loss of foveal reflex, absence of macular luteal pigment, and abnormal distribution of retinal vessels at the posterior pole. No abnormal ocular findings other than lens opacity, high myopia, and large optic cup were found.
Adult ; Albinism ; Aniridia ; Cataract ; Child, Preschool ; Color Vision Defects ; Female ; Humans ; Microphthalmos ; Myopia ; Nuclear Family ; Reflex ; Retinal Vessels ; Visual Acuity

To elucidate genetic traits, clinical findings and treatment outcomes in Korean families with hereditary congenital cataract, 24 patients(17 families)were retrospectively analysed. Genetic trait was analysed by family pedigree. Chief complaints, ages at diagnosis, bilaterality, types of lens opacity, associated systemic or ocular anomalies were examined. The final best-corrected visual acuity was compared among groups according to the presence of surgery or the age at diagnosis. Among 17 families, 15 belonged to an autosomal dominant trait and two an autosomal recessive trait. Bilateral cataracts were shown in all patients. Twelve(50.0%)out of 24 patients who had cataracts were diagnosed before 3 months of age. Five(29.4%)out of 17 patients who received surgery were done before 3 months of age. Final best-corrected visual acuity was not different between surgery group before 3 months of age and that of after 3 months of age. Associated ocular anomalies were microphthalmia(4 patients), nystagmus(4 patients), and esotropia(3 patients), but no systemic anomalies were found. These results show that most Korean families with hereditary congenital cataract have an autosomal dominant genetic trait and the age at diagnosis or surgery is too late to treat them properly.
Cataract* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Alpha-chymotrypsin solutions, 200 unit/ml and 1,000 unit/ml, were injected into the anterior chamber of albino rabbit eyes fonowed by irrigation with normal saline after 3 minutes. Intraocular pressure was recorded by pressure transducer and pressure decay curve analysis was made to calculate the outflow facility according to the method of Eisenlohr and Langham. The follow-up periods were 30 days after the injection of the enzyme solution. By the injection of 0.25 ml of 200 unit/ml solution in 7 eyes, intraocular pressure showed almost no changes throughout the observation period. Outflow facility showed transient decrease during the first 3 to 5 days in some eyes. After the injection of 0.25 ml of 1,000 unit/ml solution in 3 eyes, transient elevation of the intraocular pressure was noted associated with decrease in outflow facility. In one eye, a marked rise in ocular pressure was found All the changes in intraocular pressure and outflow facility returned to the pre-treatment level within 30 days. It was concluded that high concentration of the alpha-chymotrypsin solution injected into the anterior chamber might cause disturbances in trabecular function causing elevation in intraocular pressure.
Anterior Chamber ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intraocular Pressure ; Transducers, Pressure

We examined 646 neonates 1~3 days after birth at Seoul National University Hospital and Chungnam National University Hospital between April 1, 1986 and Dec. 31, 1986. To make neonates attentive, they were examined before feeding and if neonate was not attentive, we used side to side rocking or up and down movement to stimulate attentiveness. Their eye positions were tested with Hirschberg method and extraocular muscle function was tested with oculocephalic maneuver. Of these 646 neonates, 288(44.6%) had orthophoria, 337(52.2%) had exotropia, 6(0.9%) hadesotropia, 12(1.9%) had intermittent exotropia, 2(0.3%) had intermittent esotropia, and 1(0.2%) had exo-esotropia. None had infantile esotropia. Four months after birth, we reexamined 198 infants. Two of 88 infants who were orthophoric on previous examination had intermittent exotropia and 101 of 103 infants who were exotropic after birth had orthophoria. Two infants who were esotropic and 5 infants who were intermittently exotropic after birth had orthophoria. None had infantile esotropia.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition ; Seoul

A study on the pathologic findings after recession and resection of extraocular muscles in rabbits was performed. Fibrosis of extraocular muscles increased with time, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. Inflammation and foreign body reaction decreased with time, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. Adhesions of extraocular muscles to the sclera were observed from 1 month after operation. The resected muscles showed milder adhesion to the sclera than recessed one. The operated extraoculr muscles showed atrophies at 1 month, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. According to our results, when reoperation is needed, fibrosis of extraocular muscles after recession and resection should be considered in making decision of recession and resection amount of muscles.
Atrophy ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Inflammation ; Muscles* ; Rabbits* ; Reoperation ; Sclera

The effect of 1% atropine solution and 1% atropine ointment on healing of corneal epithelium in 20 rabbits was studied. Corneal epithelium was removed by #15 blade in central area of 7mm in diameter under topical anesthesia with 0.5% pontocaine. 1% atropine solution was applied three times daily to Rt. eyes, and 1% atropine ointment to Lt. eyes. Progress of epithelial healing was observed by fluorescent staining of the wound. At the end of 24 hours, fluorescent staining area was 46.90% in average for Rt. eyes, and 51.90% in average for Lt. eyes. At the end of 48 hours, it was 7.83% for Rt. eyes, and 11.0% for Lt. eyes. At the end of 72 hours, All of Rt. eyes did not stain, but 2 of 10 Lt. eyes were faintly stained. Difference between ophthalmic solution and ointment on the effect of corneal epithelial healing was not significant.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Epithelium, Corneal* ; Rabbits ; Tetracaine ; Wounds and Injuries*