The morphologic differences hetween a mucoid and pasty type of Cryptococcus neoformans derived from pigeon drops were investigated using an eIectron microscope. The following results were obtained: No essential differences in ultramicroscopic structures were noted hetween the mucoid and pasty type of C. neoformans, but the capsule is thicker in the mucoid type than the pasty one and the intracytoplasmic structures were seen more clearly in the mucoid type. These differences seem to he related to chemical components and the difficulty of penetration of fixing solution through thick capsules. There were no differences between C. neoformans derived from pigeon drops and those from pathogenic strains which were reported by others. Therefore, C. neoformans derived form pigeon drops can infect humans.
Capsules ; Columbidae* ; Cryptococcus neoformans* ; Cryptococcus* ; Humans

The objectives of this study were to examine the changes of birth weight and relationship of birth weight with maternal age and parity. The study population included 13,634 single live births out of 14,346 births delivered at a general hospital in Busan between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1986. Data were obtained from the delivery record. In 1979 the mean birth weight of male was 3,074 gm and that of female to 2,985 gm. In 1986 birth weight of male was increased to 3,266 gm and that of female to 3,210 gm. Low birth weight (< or = 2,500 gm) incidence rate was 7.2% in 1977 and it was increased gradually to 10.4% in 1980 but decreased thereafter to 6.5% in 1986. Incidence rate of overweight infant (4,001 gm < or =) was 3.9% for 10 years and it ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% but no particular changing pattern was observed. The percentage of mothers who had history of induced abortion was decreased from 51.6% in 1979 to 45.1% in 1986. Also, stillbirth rate was decreased from 2.6% in 1977 to 1.5% in 1986. The proportion of the first and second births was increased from 85.4% in 1977 to 96.0% in 1986 and the proportion of mothers of 25-34 years increased from 72.1% in 1977 to 84.7% in 1986. The incidence rates of low birth weight and over weight infant are lower in the first and second births of 25-34 years old mothers than other parities and age groups. In creased mean birth weight and decreased low birth weight incidence rate indicate that the health status of newborn infants has been improved and substantial portion of these changes can be attributed to increase in family planning practice rate and delayed marriage. There is no evidence, however, for increasing incidence rate of overweight infant.
Abortion, Induced ; Birth Weight* ; Busan ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Marriage ; Maternal Age* ; Mothers ; Overweight ; Parity* ; Parturition* ; Stillbirth

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pelvic Pain* ; Prostate* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

No abstract available.
Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Humerus* ; Replantation* ; Sarcoma, Ewing*

This article introduces a new method of thumb reconstruction with the use of an iliac bone graft and a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe, previously reported by Morrison et al. in 1980. Using this method it is possible to reconstruct a thumb similar to the missing part without total sacrifice of the toe. There is no mobile portion in the reconstructed thumb and motion is provided only by intact joint of traumatized thumb. In thumb reconstruction, it is possible to preserve the nail and its pulp, thus preventing swivelling of the nail and loss of pulp sensation as well as ensuring continued nail growth. This is achieved by free tissue transfer from the 1st web space of the foot, innervated by the deep peroneal nerve and supplied by the dorsalis pedis artery with relatively large diameter. Three cases of thumb reconstruction were performed with this method. Follow up was done for an average of 11.3 months; the rate of viability was 100% with excellent appearance; the 2-point discrimination averaged 8.3 mm.
Arteries ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Hallux ; Joints ; Methods ; Peroneal Nerve ; Sensation ; Thumb ; Toes ; Transplants

Degloving injuries of the fingers result in avulsion of skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying deep fascia, the arterial supply is embarrassed and necrosis may result. Theoretically primary microvascular replantation may be a complete solution, however, the prognosis in terms of both immediate and long term function following avulsed digits is poor. The ideal reconstruction aims at retension of mobility and restoration of a skin cover that is adherent, has a sensibility approaching the norm, and is free from pain. A method of finger reconstruction for an avulsion injury using a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe may be a choice of treatment for both esthetic and functional aspects.
Fascia ; Fingers ; Hallux ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Replantation ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Breast augmentation of ptotic micromastia is relatively difficult procedure than simple augmentation. Surgeon must make into account many variables, ptosis degree, chest wall size, shape, asymmetry, nipple and inframammary fold level, soft tissue characteristic etc. One-stage mastopexy augmentation procedure has higher patient acceptance because this limits the number of sick days and the need for hospital care, and it is also less expensive. Because of two procedures that has opposite effect to soft tissue be done in the same time, there can be high incidence of unfavorable outcomes and complications. Some well known doctors recommend that 2-step procedure of mastopexy folllowed by augmentation can be much better option. It can make more predictable result and it is also safe in soft tissue problem and vascularity. In one stage augmentation mastopexy, high and extrahigh projection implants have often been promoted for augmenting glandular ptotic breast, emphasizing the role of implant projection to the sagging parenchyma and skin of lower pole of breast anteriorly to "lift" the breast and "correct" the ptosis. High and extra high profile implants may contribute projection, but they are not the best choice for correction of glandular ptosis. It has several negatives, additional parenchymal atrophy, lower pole skin stretch and thinning and visible and palpable rippling. All of these tissue consequences are irreversible and uncorrectable. Optimal implant design for augmentation of glandular ptotic breast is full height, moderate profile, shaped, textured, form stable implant.
Atrophy ; Breast ; Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammaplasty ; Models, Anatomic ; Nipples ; Sick Leave ; Silicone Gels ; Skin ; Thoracic Wall

No abstract available.
Humans ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-4* ; Mice*