The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery form childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room, The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory, The data were collected from R3b. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts: 21 questions for roll performance of nurse ; 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse ; 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurse ; 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toes to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age(p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002), and certificate of midwife(p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress(p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016), the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby(p=0.049), the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistence of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010), existence and/or nonexistence of education for breast feeding(p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistence of breast feeding room(p=0.013), concret methods for breast feeding(p=0.003), working place(p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.
Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers* ; Nurseries* ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Theory ; Parturition ; Pliability ; Postpartum Period* ; Statistics as Topic ; Toes ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Bilateral locked facets at L4-5 without facet fracture is a rarely known disease. We present a case of a 37-year-old male patient diagnosed as traumatic L4-5 bilateral facets dislocation without facet fracture. We carried out open reduction, epidural hematoma removal, posterior interbody fusion. After surgery, we attained rapid improvement of the neurologic deficits and competent stabilization.
Adult ; Dislocations ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spine

The well-known prognostic factors for breast cancer, such as axillary lymph node status, do not always account for the exact outcome. The development of other accurate prognostic factors would help in assessing high risk for the disease recurrence and death. Recently, there are reports that peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion is a good prognostic factors to solid tumors in animal studies and clinical trials. This study was performed to estimate the significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (PLVI) as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Also, PLVI was compared withb establishwd established clinicopathological prognostic factors and hormone receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of patient was selected from the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, which consists of 43 out of 96 patients who received curative operation from 1985 to 1993. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion by tumor cells on H&E stain was considered PLVI positive. We classified 43 breast-cancer patients into 32 with negative PLVI and 11 with positive PLVI. We estimated the correlation between the PLVI and other established prognostic factors. We also calculated survivals based on PLVI. RESULT: The 4-year disease-free survival rate was 61.8+/-.7%, and the 4-year overall survival rate was 73.0+/-.0%. The receptor status of estrogen and of progesterone had significant impacts on survival (ER: p=0.0001, PR: p=0.0001). Also, metastasis status of lymph node had significant impacts on overall survival (p=0.0148). We found a significant correlation between PLVI and tumor size (p=0.004), estrogen receptor (p=0.002), progesterone receptor(p=0.006), but could not find any significant correlation between PLVI and menopausal status, histologic grade, unclear grade, lymph node metastasis. PLVI status was correlated with disease free survival rate (p=0.01) and overall survival rate(p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The determination of PLVI in breast cancer tissue may be useful as a prognostic factor, but it is necessary to investigate the PLVI in a large number of patients before this conclusion can be stated with certainty.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare inherited disease characterized by vesiculobullous lesion that arise in response to minimal trauma or shearing force to the skin. Epiderrnolysis bullosa herpetiformis-Dowling Meara, a variant of EB, has its onset at birth and can be a life threatening disease as it was in this case. We report a case of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis in a newborn with a generalized intraepidermal blisters noted at birth whose diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscope. A brief review of the literature is included.
Blister ; Diagnosis ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The North Korean defectors are suffering from multiple psychologic and physical health problems. However, because of their emotional maladaptation, noncooperation and suspiciousness and distrust toward others, it is difficult for South Korean doctors to build effective therapeutic relationships with them. Therefore, we made efforts to clarify the characteristics of North Korean defectors in symptom expressions and illness behaviors which would help South Korean doctors to gain rapport. METHODS: We performed qualitative study with focus group interview. Three focus groups were composed of 14 North Korean defectors and group interviews were performed twice for each group. The contents of each interview were analyzed and conclusions were drawn by extracting and arranging significant findings. RESULTS: The North Korean defectors showed psychologic symptoms such as anxiety, depression and various somatic symptoms. Among them, 'Laeng-Dol ('cold mass) and 'Jeog' mean subjective mass-feeling, such as globus sensation. And 'Tag-Gi-Byeong ('chicken heart disease')' means recurrent chest pain. These expressions reflect their anxious, depressive, and somatizing tendency. Among illness concept, 'Laeng-Byeong' ('cold related disease') means that they consider the cold weather to be the cause of various somatic symptoms. Characteristic illness behaviors include continuous complaining of recurrent symptoms, distrusting medical staffs and institutions, self-diagnosis, self- prescription, and reliance upon folk remedies. These illness behaviors were precipitated by the current breakdown of health-care system and economic crisis of the North Korea. CONCLUSION: South Korean doctors should be able to understand these characteristics of the North Korean defectors in order to build effective therapeutic relationship with them.
Anxiety ; Chest Pain ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Depression ; Focus Groups ; Heart ; Humans ; Illness Behavior* ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Staff ; Medicine, Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Sensation ; Weather

BACKGROUND: The North Korean defectors are suffering from multiple psychologic and physical health problems. However, because of their emotional maladaptation, noncooperation and suspiciousness and distrust toward others, it is difficult for South Korean doctors to build effective therapeutic relationships with them. Therefore, we made efforts to clarify the characteristics of North Korean defectors in symptom expressions and illness behaviors which would help South Korean doctors to gain rapport. METHODS: We performed qualitative study with focus group interview. Three focus groups were composed of 14 North Korean defectors and group interviews were performed twice for each group. The contents of each interview were analyzed and conclusions were drawn by extracting and arranging significant findings. RESULTS: The North Korean defectors showed psychologic symptoms such as anxiety, depression and various somatic symptoms. Among them, 'Laeng-Dol ('cold mass) and 'Jeog' mean subjective mass-feeling, such as globus sensation. And 'Tag-Gi-Byeong ('chicken heart disease')' means recurrent chest pain. These expressions reflect their anxious, depressive, and somatizing tendency. Among illness concept, 'Laeng-Byeong' ('cold related disease') means that they consider the cold weather to be the cause of various somatic symptoms. Characteristic illness behaviors include continuous complaining of recurrent symptoms, distrusting medical staffs and institutions, self-diagnosis, self- prescription, and reliance upon folk remedies. These illness behaviors were precipitated by the current breakdown of health-care system and economic crisis of the North Korea. CONCLUSION: South Korean doctors should be able to understand these characteristics of the North Korean defectors in order to build effective therapeutic relationship with them.
Anxiety ; Chest Pain ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Depression ; Focus Groups ; Heart ; Humans ; Illness Behavior* ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Staff ; Medicine, Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Sensation ; Weather

PURPOSE: The well-known prognostic factors for breast cancer, such as axillary lymph node status, do not always account for the exact outcome. The developinent of other accurate prognostic factors would help in assessing high risk for the disease recurrence and death. Recently, there are reports that peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion is a good prognostic factor to solid tumors in animal studies and clinical trials. This study was performed to estimate the significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (PLVI) as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Also, PLVI was compared with established clinicopathological prognostic factors and hormone receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of patient was selected from the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, which consists of 43 out of 96 patients who received curative operation from 1985 to 1993. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion by tumor cells on H&E stain was considered PLVI positive. We classified 43 breast-cancer patients into 32 with negative PLVI and ll with positive PLVL. We estimated the correlation between the PLVI and other established prognostic factors. We also calculated survivals based on PLVI. RESULTS: The 4-year disease-free survival rate was 61.8+/-8.7%, and the 4-year overall survival rate was 73.0+/-8.0%. The receptor status of estrogen and of progesterone had significant impacts on survival (ER: p=0.0001, PR: p=0.0001). Also, metastasis status of lymph node had significant impacts on overall survival (p=0.0148). We found a significant correlation between PLVI and tumor size (p=0.004), estrogen receptor (p=0.002), progesterone receptor (p=0.006), but could not find any significant corelation between PLVI and menopausal status, histologic grade, nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis. PLVI status was corelated with disease free survival rate (p=0.01) and overall survival rate (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The determination of PLVI in breast cancer tissue may be useful as a prognostic factor, but it is necessary to investigate the PLVI in a large number of patients before this conclusion can be stated with certainty.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Progesterone ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Education*

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR; an important inflammatory marker), and diurnal blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with recently diagnosed essential hypertension. METHODS: A total of 647 patients underwent echocardiography and 24 hours of ambulatory BP monitoring. EFT was measured by echocardiography, while NLR was measured by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. Patients were categorized into three groups according to BP pattern: the normotensive group, the dipper group, and the non-dipper group. RESULTS: The mean EFT was highest in the non-dipper group (non-dipper group, 7.3 ± 3.0 mm; dipper group, 6.1 ± 2.0 mm; control group, 5.6 ± 2.0 mm; p < 0.001). NLR was also highest in the non-dipper group (non-dipper, 2.75 ± 2.81; dipper, 2.01 ± 1.32; control, 1.92 ± 1.11; p < 0.001). EFT was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.160, p < 0.001) and NLR (r = 0.353, p < 0.001). Furthermore, an EFT ≥ 7.0 mm was associated with the non-dipper BP pattern with 51.3% sensitivity and 71.6% specificity [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56–0.65, p < 0.001]. In a multivariate analysis, EFT [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.22–13.10, p = 0.022] and NLR (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05–1.71, p = 0.018) were independent parameters that distinguished a non-dipper pattern after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: EFT and NLR are independently associated with impaired diurnal BP profiles in hypertensive individuals. EFT (as measured by echocardiography) and NLR appear to be helpful in stratifying cardiometabolic risk.
Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neutrophils* ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A carcinoid tumor is a slow growing, rare neoplasm arising from enterochromaffin cells with a malignant potential. A primary carcinoid tumor of the stomach and duodenum is uncommon. However, their prevalence has been increasing due to the widespread use of endoscopy. Recently, the use of endoscopic resection for the treatment of small carcinoid tumors is gradually increasing. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of synchronous carcinoid tumors in the stomach and duodenum. We report a case of small, multiple carcinoid tumors of the stomach and duodenum in a 58-year-old man that was endoscopically removed with a snare.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Duodenum* ; Endoscopy* ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; SNARE Proteins ; Stomach*