The physical activity has an important physiological and psychological benefit for all people, and the exercise program has a key role in the management of diabetes. This article presents exercise recommendations for people with diabetes. Though the patients with diabetes may give many benefits from regular physical exercise, there may be several hazards from exercise as well. We assessed 30 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and 15 normal control subjects with sedentary life-style for their workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake, change of blood glucose level after exercise using bicycle ergometer and Astrand nomogram. The workload, heart rate on maximal performance and maximal oxygen uptake were lower in diabetic patient than control subjects. Blood glucose decreased in diabetic patient than control subjects, after exercise and the lowered value was maintained until 60 minutes after exercise. The maximal oxygen uptake was lower in diabetic patients than control subjects. The blood glucose decreased in both diabetic patients and normal control after exercise.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Nomograms ; Oxygen

No abstract available.
Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

It has recently become possible to record electrical activity originationg from abnormally conducting myocardium from the body surface with high-gain amplification and averaging technique. These signals, which result from delayed ventricular activation(late potentials), have been recorded in patients with documented ventricular tachyarrythmia. Several electrode lead system for detecting ventricular late potential were introduced. Pyramidal electrode lead system(PLS) is useful. Also interpretation of SAECG in the young could be of value in detecting those at risk for episodic ventricular tachycardia, but suffer from a lack of data in normal young people. There was no difference between normal values, determined by FLS and PLS at high pass filtering of 25 Hz and 80 Hz, but significant, difference was found in HFLAD and RMS-40 of 40 Hz (p<0.05). These results will provide a basis for interpretations of SAECG, determined by FLS and PLS in healthy young adults with normal QRS duration. SELECTION OF SUBJECTS: For this study, normal healthy young adult volunteers (age : mean 24 years) were recruited from the medical students at Yeungnam University Hospital, Internal Medicine. Twenty fourths male and seventeenths female subjects were selected. All subjects had normal resting ECGs as judged from both the standard 12 channel lead and echocardiography, and none had a history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects were considered to be in good general physical condition. SIGNAL-AVERAGED ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY: In order to obtain low noise recordings with a small number of averaging cycles, all subject ware asked to relax completely in the supine position. Silver/silver chloride electrodes were attached after the skin was cleaned with alcohol, to constitute classic flank lead system(FLS) and pyramidal lead system(PLS). Signals were recorded and processed using a commercially available microprocessor-augmented ECG cart(Marquette Electronics, USA) suitable for portable bedside recording.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography* ; Electrodes ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Myocardium ; Noise ; Patient Selection ; Reference Values ; Skin ; Students, Medical ; Supine Position ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

A clinical review of 34 cases of aortic dissection which were admitted to Yeungnam University hospital between March 1983 and April 1992. The results are as follows: 1. The peak incidence was in 5th, 6th decade and male to female ratio was 1.83:1. 2. The most common cause of aortic dissection was atherosclerosis and hypertension (79%). 3. The most common presenting symptom was pain (73%). but dyspnea, palpable mass, murmur, shock were also observed. 4. Abnormal electrocardiographic finding was myocardial ischemia in 6 cases, arrhythmia in 5 cases, LVH in 5 cases. 5. The X-ray findings showed abnormal aortic contour in 10 cases but normal X-ray finding was observed in 63% of DeBaKey Type III. 6. The most common diagnostic procedure was echocardiogram and abdominal Ultrasonography. 7. The mortality of all cases was 20%, operation mortality was 18% but no death of medically treatment in medical indication.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atherosclerosis ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Shock ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microphones designed to measure otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) from the human ear canal typically sample the sound field in the canal some 15-20 mm away from the tympanic membrane. Discrepancies inevitably arise at high frequencies between the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane and at the entrance to the emission probe from sound reflected by the tympanic membrane due to incomplete absorption. A previous work on the ear canal acoustics suggests the emission probe underestimate the sound pressure level of the stimulus at the tympanic membrane by as much as 15-20 dB for the stimulus frequencies near 5-7 KHz. Materials and Method: This study checked the variation of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distorsion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for the situations of probe which were controlled by ear canal volume. RESULTS: All mean values on TEOAEs (stimulus level, echo response, reproducibility) significantly increased (p 0.05) as the ear canal volume decreased. The mean amplitude of DPOAEs significantly increased at 1.6, 2, 25, 3.2, 4 (F2 frequency) and the variation of the mean noise level was statistically significant at 1, 2, 4 KHz (F2 frequency). The mean signal to noise ratio on DPOAEs significantly increased at 1, 2, 3.2, 4, 6.3 KHz (F2 frequency). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reliability of measurements of otoacoustic emissions should be improved when the probe is located nearer to the tympanic membrane.
Absorption ; Acoustics ; Ear Canal ; Humans ; Noise ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Tympanic Membrane

In 1965 Gillespie reported a new syndrome of bilateral aniridia, cerebellar ataxia, and oligophrenia (mental retardation). This new syndrome was named Gillespie syndrome. Since then only 17 cases of Gillespie syndrome have been reported in UK, Brazil, Ireland, Belgium, Australia, and US. A case of Gillespie syndrome was not reported in Korea. A 4 year-old girl has triad of Gillespie syndrome, which are partial aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation. We confirmed this with ophthalmologic examination, brain MRI, and developmental delay. We report the typical manifestation of Gillespie syndrome in a 4 year-old girl with the brief review of literature.
Aniridia* ; Australia ; Belgium ; Brain ; Brazil ; Cerebellar Ataxia* ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Ireland ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The penetrating foreign body of skull base can be occasionally life-threatening. However, the severity and extent of these injuries depend upon the inflicting object, the anatomic site involved, and the force of penetration. Penetrating injuries generally result from gunshots and knife stabs. The authors experienced a rare case of penetrated metalic foreign body which remained for about 5 years in the left nasal cavity through cribriform plate to frontal lobe. The nasocranial foreign body was removed successfully through nasal endoscopy without difficulty.
Endoscopy ; Ethmoid Bone ; Foreign Bodies* ; Frontal Lobe ; Nasal Cavity ; Skull Base

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative placement of intraaortic balloon pump(IABP) in reducing operative risk and facilitating posterior vessel OPCAB in high risk patients with left main disease(>75 % stenosis), intractable resting angina, postinfarction angina, or left ventricular dysfunction(ejection fraction<35 %). MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred eighty- nine consecutive patients who underwent multi-vessel OPCAB including posterior vessel revascularization were studied. The patients were divided into group I(n=74) that received preoperative or intraoperative IABP and group II(n=115) that did not receive IABP. In group I, there were 39 patients with left main disease, 40 patients with intractable resting angina, 14 patients with left ventricular dysfunction and 7 patients with postinfarction angina. Ten patients received intraoperative IABP support due to hemodynamic instability during OPCAB. RESULT: There was one operative mortality in group I and two mortalities in group II. The average number of distal anastomoses was not different between group I and group II(3.5+/-0.9 vs 3.4+/-0.9, p=ns). There were no significant differences in the number of posterior vessel anastomosis per patient between the two groups. There were no differences in ventilator support time, length of hospital stay, and morbidity between the two groups. There was one case of IABP-related complication in group I. CONCLUSION: IABP facilitates posterior vessel OPCAB in high risk patients, with comparable surgical results to low risk patients.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Transplants* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze sleep habit and investigate the association between insomnia and demographic, health and psycho-behavioral symptomatology in Korean urban elderly. METHOD: A total of 723 community residents aged 65 years or older were surveyed by two stage, random cluster sampling method. The response rate was 76.2%. Interviewers performed door to door visits and administered a questionnaire about sleep, past medical history, and several scales as the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale (PAS), the short form Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) and etc. RESULTS: The mean scores are as follows: retiring time was ten-sixteen p.m., wake-up time was five twenty two a.m., duration of sleep was seven hours and six minutes. Among the elderly, 11.6% and 14.8% of the subjects reported chronic and intermittent difficulty in sleeping, respectively. The patients with back pain and history of stroke complained of more insomnia symptoms in univariate analysis. In ANCOVA analysis, insomnia symptoms were associated with an old age, depressive symptoms in male. Bodily pain and history of dermatologic disease were additional risk factors in female. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest insomnia is one of most common health problems among elderly Koreans living in the community. Strong positive relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia were found. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between insomnia and risk factors.
Aged* ; Back Pain ; Depression ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Stroke ; Weights and Measures

Nocardia is a kind of aerobic Actinomycetes, gram positive organism that was acid-fast when stained with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Nocardia is a soil saprophyte widely distributed throughout the world which usually introduced through the respiratory tract and may develop a disseminated infection, especially subcutaneous abscess and or central nervous system infection. Nocardiosis is an important opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, and organ transplant patient. Sulfonamide therapy is known as a treatment of choice in nocardiosis. We report the two cases of nocardiosis in renal transplant recipient. Nocardia asteroides was isolated in our two cases. We treated sucessfully with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole(Bactrim).
Abscess ; Actinobacteria ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Nocardia ; Nocardia asteroides ; Nocardia Infections ; Opportunistic Infections ; Respiratory System ; Sarcoidosis ; Soil ; Transplantation* ; Transplants