No abstract available.
Subclavian Artery* ; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome* ; Thromboembolism*

Variation in the facial pattern and effect of the rotational jaw growth on the facial proportion were studied in serial cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children (35 boys, 15 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. According to Y-axis (N-S-Gn) growth change during the 7 years of period, the subject who had exhibited "wave-like" manner of Y-axis growth change within +/- 2degrees was classified to the Parallelwise group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis increase more than +/- 2degrees was classified to the Clockwise rotation group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis decrease more than -2degrees was classified to the Counterlockwise rotation group. For the comparison of each group, a total of 22 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by means of computer morphometrics and statistical methods. On the basis of the finding of this study, the following trends were eatablished: 1. The Parallelwise group was 75%, the Clockwise rotation group was 12.5% and the Counterclockwise rotation group was 12.5%. 2. The growth pattern of cranial base was related to the rotation of mandible. 3. Maxillary prognathism was occured in the Counterclockwise rotation group and the rotation of palatal plane was occured in the Clockwise rotation group. 4. Mandibular prognathism was occured in the Parallelwise and the Counterclockwise rotation groups, especially in the Counterclockwise rotation group. 5. The degree of maxillo-mandibular divergency was constant in the Clockwise rotation group but decreased in the Counterclockwise rotation and the Parallelwise groups, especially in the Counterclockwise group. 6. There were no differences in the size of the anterior upper facial height (N-ANS) and the posterior lower facial height ((Go-Me)-PNS) but there were differences in the size of the anterior lower facial height (ANS-Me) and the posterior upper facial height ((S-N)-PNS) between each group. 7. The growth increment and the size of the facial gepth was not relater to the growth pattern of the face but the growth increment and the size of the facial height was related to the growth pattern of the face. 8. Proportional change due to the facial growth rotation was concentrated in the anterior lower face. 9. The most apparent difference between each group was happened in the size of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and the facial length (S-Gn).
Child ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Prognathism ; Skull Base

No abstract available.
Esophageal Neoplasms*

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of PNS and CNS labeled neurons following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and pseudorabies virus (PRV), beta-galactosidase inserted Bartha strain, into the epididymis of rats. After survival times 4~5 days following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and PRV-Ba-Gal, the rats were perfused, and their brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia were frozen sectioned (30 mm). These sections were stained by HRP histochemical and beta-galactosidase histochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The WGA-HRP labeled sympathetic ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in pelvic ganglion and L1-6 lumbar sympathetic ganglia. 2. The WGA-HRP labeled spinal ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in L1-6 spinal ganglia. 3. The beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in lamina VII of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons were observed in dorsomedial part of lamina I, II and III. Dense labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral n. and dorsal commissural n.. In lumbar segment, labeled neurons were observed in lamina III, IV, V, dorsal commisural n. and superficial dorsal horn. 4. In the medulla oblongata, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in the trigeminal spinal n., A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., parapyra-midal n., lateral reticular n. and lateral paragigantocellular reticular n.. 5. In the pons, labeled neurons were observed in Kolliker-Fuse n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n. and A5 noradrenalin cells. 6. In midbrain, labeled neurons were observed in periaqueductal gray substance, retrorubral n., substantia nigra and dorsal raphe n.. 7. In the diencephalon, labeled neurons were observed in paraventricular hypothalamic n., lateral hypothalamic nucleus., medial preoptic n. and retrochiasmatic n.. These results suggest that WGA-HRP labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat epididymis might be the first-order neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and beta-galactosidase labeled neurons of the brain and spinal cord may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of vascular smooth muscle in epididymis. These beta-galactosidase labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from epididymis to spinal cord and brain which may be play an important neuroanatomical basic evidence in the regulation of epididymal function.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; beta-Galactosidase ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Epididymis* ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Horns ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Locus Coeruleus ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Neural Pathways* ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Pons ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats* ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord ; Substantia Nigra ; Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We assessed the significance of renal resistive index (RI) in the diagnosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Duplex Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 4 children with unilateral ureteral obstruction which was proved by excretory urography, diuretic renal scan, and/ or pressure flow study. Renal RI values and RI ratios were calculated. RESULTS: They were 3 males and one female 4 to 26 months old. In all cases, mean RI values of obstructed kidneys were higher than 0.70 which was discriminatory level for obstruction in adults. In contralateral normal kidneys, RI values were widely distributed (0.61 to 0.79). Mean RI values of obstructed kidneys were larger than that of contralateral normal kidneys, and RI ratios were larger than 1.11 in all patients. CONCLUSION: We believe that the comparison of RI value between obstructed and contralateral normal kidney is valuable in the diagnosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction in children, and that RI ratio is also significantly. A prospective study with a larger number of patients is required to confirm this finding.
Adult ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urography

No abstract available.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry* ; Humans* ; Steroids*

No abstract available.

The diagnostic accuracy of myelography, electromyography, and clinical-neurological findings in 64 patients on whom the presence of herniated intervertebral disc was proved surgically from March, 1974 to February, 1980 in Severance Hospital was discussed and the results of this study was compared with those in comparable studies in the literature. 1. Of the cases in which operation revealed disc herniation or protrusion, the clinical neurological diagnosis was correct in 71.9%, the myelographic diagnosis was coincided in 79.7%, the electromyographic diagnosis was agreed in 73.4%. 2. In the patients which the patellar tendon reflex was weak or absent, operation revealed a herniation between L3 and L4 in 66.7%. The disc herniation bewteen L4 and L5 was noted in 93.0% of patients with weakness of the extensors of the great toe. Of the patients in whom the Achilles tendon reflex was weak or absent, operation revealed a tumbosacral disc herniation in 87.0%. 3. If the myelogram showed lumbar disc changes, these changes were confirmed at operation in the same level in all patients. 4. A disc herniation between L3 and L4 was demonstrated in aH cases of the patients had L4 denervation of the electromyographic findings. The disc herniation between L4 and L5 was seen in 93.0% of them had L5 denervation. A lumbosacral disc herniation was noted in 83.3% of them had 51 denervation. 5. Polyphasic motor units were significant in the absence of diagnosis of the herniated lumbar disc. 6. Signs of denervation in the spinal muscalature but not in the leg muscles were considered significant in patients with diagnostic problems of the lumbar radiculopathy. In summary, it is suggested that electromyography is not superior to the myeolgraphy or the clinicalneurogical examination. But the electromyography aids the surgeon in the dlagnosis of a compression lesion of a specific nerve root.
Achilles Tendon ; Denervation ; Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Leg ; Muscles ; Myelography ; Patellar Ligament ; Radiculopathy ; Reflex ; Toes

The most important congenital abnormality of the foot is clubfoot or talipes equinovarus, a deformity easy to diagnose but difficult to correct completely, even in the hands of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. Furthermore approximately 50% of congenital clubfoot are resistant to non-operative methods such as manipulation and cast correction and consequently, under these circumstances, continuation of non-operative treatment leads to eventual failure, due either to incomplete correction, or recurrence of the deformity. In such resistant clubfoot it is better judgement to perform a relatively minor soft tissue operation at the time for resistance rather than to delay surgical treatment and beforced to perform a major operation at a late date for recurrence. Eighteen patients who presented twenty-five resistant congenital clubfoot abnormalities were followed at our department for 9 years and 4 months from February of 1970 to May of 1979. These were subjected to analysis clinically and radiologically, and the following results were obtained. 1. These patients consisted of: 11 male patients, 7 female patients, 11 single clubfeet and 7 bilateral clubfeet. 2. Age categories at operation were as follows: 6 feet below 1 year old, 8 feet 1 year old, 5 feet 2 years old, 3 feet 3 years old and one each age 4, 5 and 6. 3. Treatment period before operation: 19 clubfeet for 3 months to 6 months, 6 clubfeet for 7 months to 1 year. 4. Operations performed: posterior release-four, medial and posterior release-twelve, medial-plantar and posterior release-three, one stage posteromedial release-four, Evans procedure-one and tibialis anterior to lateral cuneiform-one. 5. Operations performed at an early age showed better results than those performed on older patients. 6. Of all operations performed the one stage posteromedial release with internal fixation showed the best results.
Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Foot ; Fractures, Open ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence