STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconia-based restorations have the common technical complication of delamination, or porcelain chipping, from the zirconia core. Thus the shear bond strength between the zirconia core and the veneering porcelain requires investigation in order to facilitate the material's clinical use. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of the porcelain veneer to the zirconia core and to other various metal alloys (high noble metal alloy and base metal alloy). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 15 rectangular (4x4x9mm) specimens each of zirconia (Cercon), base metal alloy (Tillite), high noble metal alloy (Degudent H) were fabricated for the shear bond strength test. The veneering porcelain recommended by the manufacturer for each type of material was fired to the core in thickness of 3mm. After firing, the specimens were embedded in the PTFE mold, placed on a mounting jig, and subjected to shear force in a universal testing machine. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until fracture. The average shear strength (MPa) was analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test (alpha= .05). The fractured specimens were examined using SEM and EDX to determine the failure pattern. RESULTS: The mean shear strength (+/- SD) in MPa was 25.43 (+/- 3.12) in the zirconia group, 35.87 (+/- 4.23) in the base metal group, 38.00 (+/- 5.23) in the high noble metal group. The ANOVA showed a significant difference among groups, and the Tukey's test presented a significant difference between the zirconia group and the metal group. Microscopic examination showed that the failure primarily occurred near the interface with the residual veneering porcelain remaining on the core. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference between the metal ceramic and zirconia ceramic group in shear bond strength. There was no significant difference between the base metal alloy and the high noble metal alloy.
Ceramics ; Collodion ; Dental Porcelain ; Fires ; Fungi ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Shear Strength ; Zirconium

BACKGROUND: Non ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) is a commonly encountered disease at the primary practice. The relations of functional gastrointestinal disorder and Irritable bowel syndrome with depression or stress were suggested by previous studies. But the contributions of the anxiety, depression and stress as a whole to the NUD were not assessed. In this study, we wanted to show the associations of the anxiety, depression and stress levels with NUD. METHODS: This study was performed by case and control method from Aug. 1 to Sep. 7 at the outpatient department of Family Medicine and at the Health Management and Service department in Pusan Paik Hospital. The both groups were matched by sex and age. The case was defined who has three or more symptoms among nine upper gastrointestinal symtoms like dyspepsia, epigastric pain and anorexia etc. frequently or alwalys and who has no ulcer at the gastrofibroscope. The anxiety, depression, stress levels were measured by questionnaire which was validated by previous studies. The questionnaire was composed of Trait-STAI, Jung's Self Depression Scale(SDS), Modified BEPSI, and Grobal Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS) Scale. RESULTS: The total subjects were 136 persons(NUD group : 86 persons/control group : 86 persons). There were. significant differances in regularity of diet(P<0.001), levels of education(P=0.009), and history of medications(P<0.001) between two groups. The two group had higher scores than the control group in the depression score, anxiety score and modified BEPSI score(P<0.001). All items in GARS showed higher scores in NUD group than in control group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NUD group had higher degree of anxiety and depression than the control group. It seems that the NUD may have streeful status. When we encounter the NUD in outpatiet department, we had better consider the underlying psychogenic or stressful conditions.
Anorexia ; Anxiety* ; Busan ; Depression* ; Dyspepsia* ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Outpatients ; Ulcer* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* ; Child* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans

Fracture of the occipital condyle is rare. We report the case of a patient with this fracture who presented with negative plain films and delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy. Diagnosis was estabilished with high resolution computed tomography. In a trauma patient with neck or occipital pain, with or without cranial nerve palsy, this fracture should be considered, even if a plain radiograph is negative.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases* ; Hypoglossal Nerve* ; Neck

Globally, airlines are dedicated to achieving higher standards of Flight Safety. They have therefore developed and applied programs such as CRM, LOFT, Risk Management and Threat and Error Management. Despite these efforts, Commercial aircraft accidents continue to occur. Accident statistics over the last 40 years show that mechanical or maintenance related accidents comprise only 15% of the total, and have been decreasing. Accidents attributable to flight crew, however, are about 65% of the total, and show little trend towards reduction (Boeing, 2003). So there is much continuing effort to reduce these kinds of accidents. Additionally, many researchers world-wide are developing and applying programs which are focused on Human Factors. This study analyzes both the factors affecting flight crew and the results obtained from research conducted in Korea.
Aircraft ; Humans ; Korea ; Risk Management

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Mass Screening*

In order to review the epidemiological data of cardiovascular diseases, statistical observation was made on the 7,271 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were treated in the Department of Internal Medicine, Han-Yang University Hospital during the 10 year period from May 1972 to December 1981. A. General Findings (1) Cardiovascular disease was seen in 18.6% out of a total 39,004 medical inpatients treated during this 10 year time span. (2) Incidences of cardiovascular disease seemed to increase in frequency in consecutive years, especially incidence of coronary heart disease and arrhythmia. (3) Incidence of cardiovascular disease occurred most frequently to patients in their fifth decade, and next most frequently to those in their sixth and fourth decade, in that order. (4) The overall ratio of male to female incidence of cardiovascular disease was 1:1. B. Specific Epidemiology (1) Hypertension was the most common form of cardiovascular problem, accounting for 52.9% of patients with cardiovascular disease and 9.9% of the total medical in-patients population. Incidence of hypertension occured most frequently in the fifth decade of life. It occured next most in the sixth and fourth decades, in that order. The male to female ratio of incidence of hypertension was 1:1. Patients with malignant hypertension made up 5.9% all hypertension patients. (2) Patients with rheumatic heart disease made up 6% of those patients with cardiovascular diseases. Male to female ratio of incidence of rheumatic heart disease was 1:2.4. The most common form of this disease was mitral valvular disease, but isolated aortic valvular disease proved to be rather uncommon in this study in Korea. (3) Coronary heart disease made up 15.5 % of all incidence of cardiovascular diseases. It occured most frequently to patients in their fifth and sixth decades, and in a male to female ratio of 1.5 to 1. (4) Congenital heart disease made of 0.9% of the total incidence of cardiovascular diseases with ventricular septal defect as the most common form of this disease. (5) The remaining forms of cardiovascular diseases diagnosed during the time span of this study were arrhythmia 16.8%, cor pulmonale 1.4%, cardiomyopathy 1.3%, peripheral vascular disease 1.0%, pericarditis 1.0%, thyrotoxic heart disease 0.8%, endocarditis 0.5%, postpartum cardiomyopathy 0.3%, myxedematous heart disease 0.1%, and miscellaneous heart ailments 1.5%.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Coronary Disease ; Endocarditis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Malignant ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Internal Medicine ; Korea* ; Male ; Pericarditis ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Postpartum Period ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; Rheumatic Heart Disease

We present a case of Brown-Sequard syndrome due to a massive cervical disc herniation at C5/6 level, presenting sings of sudden and severe spinal cord compression. The lesion was diagnosed by MRI and herniated cervical disc was removed under the surgical microscope via anterior route. The result of operation was good. A brief review of the literature is given.
Brown-Sequard Syndrome* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Cord Compression

The authors report a case of superficial femoral arterial trauma caused by external fixator in 53 year-old male patient who had supracondylar fracture of femur due to automobile accident. After removal of external fixator, autogenous bypass graft was perfomed with reversed great saphenous vein. The occlusion of the graft occurred 3 months later, we thought that interposition graft in the chronic inflammatory and fibrotic tissue should be avoided.
Automobiles ; External Fixators ; Femoral Artery ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants