OBJECTIVE:To compare pregnancy outcomes between obese and nonobese women and to determine the effect of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcome in obese women. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing 100 obese and 300 nonobese women who delivered a singleton live birth at Yeungnam university hospital from June 1998 to Dec 1998. Morbid obesity was defined as a body mass index greater than 30. The incidence of selected perinatal and neonatal outcome was assessed for two groups. RESULTS: Morbidly obese patients were more likly to experience pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, placental abruption, fetal distress, meconium aspiration, cesarean delivery & birth trauma. However, these were not affected by gestational weight gain in morbidly obese women. Weight gains more than 12kg were strongly associated with birth of a large for gestational age(LGA) neonate, however, poor weight gain did not appear to incrcase the risk of delivery of a low birth weight neonate. CONCLUSION: To optimize fetal growth, weight gain of 7-12kg for obese women appear to be appropriate. To reduce the risk of delivery of an LGA neonate, the optimal gestational weight gain for obese women should not exceed 12kg.
Abruptio Placentae ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Distress ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Parturition ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Agaricales* ; Morus*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography* ; Varicocele*

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy*

The influence of age and menopausal status at diagnosis on the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer remains controversial. Some studies have found that younger patients have worse clinical outcomes than older patients, others have reported that younger patients have a more favorable outcome, and others have found no relation with age. We analyzed the effects of menopausal status in the survival of patients with operable breast cancer and estimated the correlations between the menopausal status and other established prognostic factors. We reviewed the records of the patients who had been operated on at the Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University during the past 10 years (1985~1996). The results were as follows: 1) The peak age group was the fifth decade (27%), and all of patients, except one, were females. 2) The most common symptom was a palpable breast mass with or without pain (88%). 3) Most patients (72.8%) visited within 6 months of the first appearance of a symptom, and the most frequent tumor size was 2~5 cm in diameter (58.9%). 4) Most of the primary tumors were located in the upper outer quadrant (61%); tumors located in the lower outer quadrant were rare (3%). 5) The most common TNM stage group was stage II (54.1%), and there was no difference of distribution between the premenopause and the postmenopause groups. 6) The common pathologic cancer types were infiltrating ductal cancer (73.8%), medullary cancer (9.3%), mucinous cancer (8.3%). 7) Axillary lymph-node metastasis was present in 58 cases (62.4%). 8) The overall five-year survival rate for all patients was 43.9%. 9) The five-year survival rates of the 38 premenopausal patients and the 38 postmenopausal patients were 42.4% and 35.8%, respectively, but there was no statically significant difference between the two groups. 10) Menopausal status did not significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor location, lymph-node metastasis or TNM stage. In conclusion, the menopausal status may be not correlated with the prognosis in breast cancer However, the effect of menopausal status on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer needs to be investigated for a large papulation of breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Massive ovarian deema is a tate conditian. It is a benign enlargement of the ovary caused by accumulation of fluid, which is thought to result from intermittent partial toraion of the ovarian pedicle. Histologically, the ovaries were characterized by diffuse edema of medulla and inner cortex. Two cases of massive ovanan edema are reported with brief review of the literatures.
Edema* ; Female ; Ovary

No abstract available.
Lung*

Statistical observation was made on 809 in-patient in the Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University from May 3, 1972 to December 31, 1976.
Humans ; Inpatients ; Urology