BACKGROUND: The use of autogenous cartilage has the problem of donor site morbidity and limited supply in reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to increase the size and the volume of the autogenous small cartilage by the new three dimensional culture technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chondrocytes from biopsied human septal cartilage were subcultured. The increased cells were encapsulated with calcium alginate and were injected to the subcutaneous tissue of the athymic nude mouse for in vivo 3-dimensional culture. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of the injection, the implanted subcutaneous nodule was seemed to be the natural cartilage and the histoarchtectures revealed characteristics of the hyaline cartilage. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the small biopsied cartilage can be expanded by the techniques of subculture and the 3-dimensional culture., and can potentially overcome the limited availability of autogenous donor cartilage.
Animals ; Calcium ; Cartilage* ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chondrocytes* ; Culture Techniques ; Humans* ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: We classified the hips of Korean women into 6 types based on shape and contour, and have performed gluteal augmentation using Elastomere implants with lipoplasty of the flank, gluteal fold, and saddle bags of the thigh according to the hip type. METHODS: We analyzed the shapes and contour of the buttocks of 148 patients from September 2009 to September 2015. We performed buttock augmentation with implants using Gonzalez's XYZ method, as well as liposuction and fat injection lipoplasty of the surrounding areas in these 148 patients. RESULTS: We defined the following 6 types: the oval type (30%), the straight type (17%), the peach type (9%), the trapezoid type (20%), the heart type (11%), and the W type (13%). Ninety-seven patients underwent hip augmentation with an implant only or combined with lipoplasty, and 51 patients underwent lipoplasty for buttock shape correction. Patients were followed up for at least 3 months, with the longest follow-up being 4 years. Implants were removed postoperatively in 8 of 97 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The hip augmentation not only involves the simple insertion of implants, but also complex surgical procedures on the surrounding flank and thigh areas. Appropriate procedures should be utilized based on the 6 different hip types to ensure the best outcomes.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Buttocks ; Classification ; Elastomers ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Hip ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Methods ; Prunus persica ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Thigh

Background/Aims: This study examined the long-term outcomes of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer (UD EGC) with positive horizontal margins (HMs) after endoscopic resection (ER) and compared them between additional surgery and nonsurgical management. Methods: From 2005 to 2015, a total of 1,124 patients with UD EGC underwent ER at 18 tertiary hospitals in Korea. Of them, 92 patients with positive HMs as the only noncurative factor (n=25) or with both positive HMs and tumor size >2 cm (n=67) were included. These patients underwent additional surgery (n=40), underwent additional endoscopic treatment (n=6), or were followed up without further treatment (n=46). Results: No lymph node (LN) metastasis was found in patients who underwent additional surgery. During a median follow-up of 57.7 months (interquartile range, 27.6 to 68.8 months), no LN or distant metastases or gastric cancer-related deaths occurred in the overall cohort. At baseline, the residual cancer rate was 57.8% (26/45) after additional surgery or ER. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 33.6% among patients who were followed up without additional treatment. The 5-year overall survival rates were 95.0% and 87.8% after additional surgery and nonsurgical management (endoscopic treatment or close follow-up), respectively (log-rank p=0.224). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, nonsurgical management was not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions UD EGC with positive HMs after ER may have favorable long-term outcomes and a very low risk of LN metastasis. Nonsurgical management may be suggested as an alternative, particularly for patients with old age or chronic illness.

Background/Aims: This study examined the long-term outcomes of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer (UD EGC) with positive horizontal margins (HMs) after endoscopic resection (ER) and compared them between additional surgery and nonsurgical management. Methods: From 2005 to 2015, a total of 1,124 patients with UD EGC underwent ER at 18 tertiary hospitals in Korea. Of them, 92 patients with positive HMs as the only noncurative factor (n=25) or with both positive HMs and tumor size >2 cm (n=67) were included. These patients underwent additional surgery (n=40), underwent additional endoscopic treatment (n=6), or were followed up without further treatment (n=46). Results: No lymph node (LN) metastasis was found in patients who underwent additional surgery. During a median follow-up of 57.7 months (interquartile range, 27.6 to 68.8 months), no LN or distant metastases or gastric cancer-related deaths occurred in the overall cohort. At baseline, the residual cancer rate was 57.8% (26/45) after additional surgery or ER. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 33.6% among patients who were followed up without additional treatment. The 5-year overall survival rates were 95.0% and 87.8% after additional surgery and nonsurgical management (endoscopic treatment or close follow-up), respectively (log-rank p=0.224). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, nonsurgical management was not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions UD EGC with positive HMs after ER may have favorable long-term outcomes and a very low risk of LN metastasis. Nonsurgical management may be suggested as an alternative, particularly for patients with old age or chronic illness.