No abstract available.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

Cleidocranial dysostosis is a rare herditary disorder affecting bones that develop by intramembranous formation. The classical features include exaggerated development of the transverse diameter of the skull, delay in the ossification of the fontanels, aplasia of the clavicles, and hereditary transmission. Authors report a case of cleidocranial dysostosis in 8 years old boy with brief review of the literatures.
Clavicle ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; Humans ; Male ; Skull

In Korea, several outbreaks of low pathogenic AI (H9N2) viral infections leading to decreased egg production and increased mortality have been reported on commercial farms since 1996, resulting in severe economic losses. To control the H9N2 LPAI endemic, the Korea Veterinary Authority has permitted the use of the inactivated H9N2 LPAI vaccine since 2007. In this study, we developed a killed vaccine using a low pathogenic H9N2 AI virus (A/chicken/Korea/ADL0401) and conducted safety and efficacy tests in commercial layer farms while focusing on analysis of factors that cause losses to farms, including egg production rate, egg abnormality, and feed efficiency. The egg production rate of the control group declined dramatically 5 days after the challenge. There were no changes in feed consumption of all three groups before the challenge, but rates of the control declined afterward. Clinical signs in the vaccinated groups were similar, and a slight decline in feed consumption was observed after challenge; however, this returned to normal more rapidly than the control group and commercial layers. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the safety and efficacy of the vaccine are adequate to provide protection against the AI field infection (H9N2) epidemic in Korea.
Animals ; Chickens ; Emulsions ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*immunology/*standards ; Influenza in Birds/immunology/prevention & control ; Oviparity ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and to estimate the complication rate of incontinence surgery according to the surgeon's specialty and whether a preoperative urodynamic study (UDS) was performed, using a nationally representative dataset. METHODS: We enrolled 356,155 women over 20 years old who had undergone surgery for stress urinary incontinence between 2006 and 2015. Patients were followed for up to 3 years to analyze the reoperation and complication rates. Data were obtained from the National Health Claims Database of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of Korea. Multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of incontinence surgery according to the surgeon’s specialty and whether a preoperative UDS was performed. RESULTS: The hazard ratio (HR) for reoperation was significantly higher for procedures performed by nonurologists than for procedures performed by urologists (HR, 1.174; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.103–1.249). Acute urinary retention, postoperative infections, procedure-associated pain, and other complications were also more common in procedures performed by nonurologists than in those performed by urologists. When stratified by whether a preoperative UDS was performed, the HR for reoperation according to the surgeon’s specialty varied by performance of a preoperative UDS. While the reoperation rate was significantly higher in procedures performed by non-urologists when a preoperative UDS was performed (HR, 1.208; 95% CI, 1.122–1.3), there was no significant difference in the HRs for reoperation according to specialty when a preoperative UDS was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study showed that the postoperative outcomes of incontinence surgery were dependent upon the surgeon’s specialty and that the reoperation rate according to the surgeon’s specialty varied based on whether a preoperative UDS was performed.
Dataset ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Reoperation ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Retention ; Urodynamics*

BACKGROUND: Nefopam has been known as an inhibitor of the reuptake of monoamines, and the noradrenergic and/or serotonergic system has been focused on as a mechanism of its analgesic action. Here we investigated the role of the spinal dopaminergic neurotransmission in the antinociceptive effect of nefopam administered intravenously or intrathecally. METHODS: The effects of intravenously and intrathecally administered nefopam were examined using the rat formalin test. Then we performed a microdialysis study to confirm the change of extracellular dopamine concentration in the spinal dorsal horn by nefopam. To determine whether the changes of dopamine level are associated with the nefopam analgesia, its mechanism was investigated pharmacologically via pretreatment with sulpiride, a dopaminergic D2 receptor antagonist. RESULTS: When nefopam was administered intravenously the flinching responses in phase I of the formalin test were decreased, but not those in phase II of the formalin test were decreased. Intrathecally injected nefopam reduced the flinching responses in both phases of the formalin test in a dose dependent manner. Microdialysis study revealed a significant increase of the level of dopamine in the spinal cord by intrathecally administered nefopam (about 3.8 fold the baseline value) but not by that administered intravenously. The analgesic effects of intrathecally injected nefopam were not affected by pretreatment with sulpiride, and neither were those of the intravenous nefopam. CONCLUSIONS: Both the intravenously and intrathecally administered nefopam effectively relieved inflammatory pain in rats. Nefopam may act as an inhibitor of dopamine reuptake when delivered into the spinal cord. However, the analgesic mechanism of nefopam may not involve the dopaminergic transmission at the spinal level.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Dopamine ; Microdialysis ; Nefopam* ; Pain Measurement ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; Sulpiride ; Synaptic Transmission

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common form of primary extranodal lymphomas. In most cases, it is developed as multifocal and mucosal lesions, and its initial diagnosis is made by biopsy of suspicious lesions on endoscopy. However, when gastric MALT lymphoma afflict submucosal site without typical mucosal lesion, further procedures are necessary for diagnosis, such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic ultrasonography. We recently experienced two cases of submucosal tumor-like gastric MALT lymphoma. Both cases were without any mucosal lesion. One case was confirmed by endoscopic mucosal resection, and the latter was by wedge resection. Treatment modalities included endoscopic mucosal resection, surgery, H. pylori eradication, and/or chemotherapy. Both cases achieved complete remission until our 18 months' and 16 months' follow up.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Endosonography ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*pathology ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) is a useful modality for the detailed visualization of microsurface (MS) and microvascular (MV) structures in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine whether the MS and MV patterns in ME-NBI differ according to the histologic type, invasion depth, and mucin phenotype of early gastric cancers (EGCs). METHODS: The MS and MV patterns of 160 lesions in 160 patients with EGC who underwent ME-NBI before endoscopic or surgical resection were prospectively collected and analyzed. EGCs were categorized as either differentiated or undifferentiated and as either mucosal or submucosal, and their mucin phenotypes were determined via immunohistochemistry of the tumor specimens. RESULTS: Differentiated tumors mainly displayed an oval and/or tubular MS pattern and a fine network or loop MV pattern, whereas undifferentiated tumors mainly displayed an absent MS pattern and a corkscrew MV pattern. The destructive MS pattern was associated with submucosal invasion, and this association was more prominent in the differentiated tumors than in the undifferentiated tumors. MUC5AC expression was increased in lesions with either a papillary or absent MS pattern and a corkscrew MV pattern, whereas MUC6 expression was increased in lesions with a papillary MS pattern and a loop MV pattern. CD10 expression was more frequent in lesions with a fine network MV pattern. CONCLUSIONS: ME-NBI can be useful for predicting the histopathology and mucin phenotype of EGCs.
Endoscopy* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucins* ; Narrow Band Imaging* ; Phenotype* ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus after forceful vomiting is known as Boerhaave syndrome, a rare and life-threatening condition associated with a high rate of mortality. The management of Boerhaave syndrome is challenging, especially when diagnosed late. Herein, we report the successful management of late-diagnosed Boerhaave syndrome with T-tube drainage in a 55-year-old man. The patient was transferred to our institution 8 days after the onset of symptoms, successfully managed by placing a T-tube, and was discharged on postoperative day 46 without complications.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Drainage* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Rupture* ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted* ; Vomiting

While injuries to the spine after an airplane crash are not rare, most crashes result in fatal injuries. As such, few studies exist that reported on spine fractures sustained during airplane accidents. In this report, we demonstrate three cases of spine fractures due to crash landing of a commercial airplane. Three passengers perished from injuries after the crash landing, yet most of the passengers and crew on board survived, with injuries ranging from minor to severe. Through evaluating our three spine fracture patients, it was determined that compression fracture of the spine was the primary injury related to the airplane accident. The first patient was a 20-year-old female who sustained a T6-8 compression fracture without neurologic deterioration. The second patient was a 33-year-old female with an L2 compression fracture, and the last patient was a 49-year-old male patient with a T8 compression fracture. All three patients were managed conservatively and required spinal orthotics. During the crash, each of these patients were subjected to direct, downward high gravity z-axis (Gz) force, which gave rise to load on the spine vertically, thereby causing compression fracture. Therefore, new safety methods should be developed to prevent excessive Gz force during airplane crash landings.
Accidents, Aviation ; Adult ; Aircraft* ; Back Pain ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Hypergravity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine* ; Young Adult

A 71-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of lung mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH(SIADH). Laboratory examination showed serum sodium concentration of 108 mEq/l. serum osmolality 247 mEg/l urine sodium concentration of 141 mEq/l urine osmolality 547 mEq/l. normal levels (<0.56 pg/ml) of serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH release was regulated normally with changes in serum osmolality. SIADH was diagnosed on the basis of hyponatremia with corresponding serum hypoosmolality and a high urine osmolality due to continuous sodium excretion. In this case, SIADH was probably induced by increased renal sensitivity to ADH and suspected high serum ANP level of unknown origin.
Aged ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Lung* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Sodium ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*