Higenamine is known to possess stimulatory activity on beta-receptor of the heart. Chronotropic actions of higenamic were studied in spontaneously beating right atrial muscle isolated from rabbits. The frequency of spontaneous beating and the relative threshold voltage of the right atrium were examined. The relative threshold voltage was defined as the minimal voltage of the given impulse above which the right atrium could be paced at the frequency of 20% of higenamine was also observed. Higenamine caused the postive chronotropic effect. This response became prominent as the ca2+ concentration in the bathing solution lowered. When tetrodotoxin was added to the bathing solution, the effect of higenemine altered and became similar to that of epinephrine. Higenamine reduced the relative threshold voltage of the right atrium in the bathing solution with [ca2+] of 0.5mM. Such effect was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The effects of verapamill on the spontaneous rate and the relativel threshold voltage were inhibited by higenemine. The above results suggest that, aithough the main action og higenamine is on the Ca channel, higenamine also have a minor effect of augmenting the Na channel.
Baths ; Epinephrine ; Heart ; Heart Atria* ; Heart Rate ; Rabbits ; Tetrodotoxin ; Verapamil

BACKGROUND: Using alfentanil followed by an anesthetic induction dose of propofol provides adequate conditions for tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blocking drugs in most patients. Providing an option for intense opioid effect without compromising recovery after short operations, remifentanil might offer benefits over alfentanil. In this study intubating conditions after remifentanil-propofol were evaluated. METHODS: Sixty healthy premedicated patients were divided randomly into 3 groups. Anesthesia was intravenously induced with propofol (4 microgram/ml) followed by remifentanil. Group R(2), R(3), R(4) received 2, 3, 4 microgram/kg remifentanil, respectively. Ninety seconds after the administration of remifentanil, laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted. Intubation conditions were assessed as excellent, good or poor. The hemodynamic changes were measured at preinduction (base), preintubation, postintubation (immediately, 3 minute, 5 minute after intubation). RESULTS: Clinically acceptable intubating conditions were observed in 65%, 95%, and 95% of patients in the R(2), R(3), and R(4) groups, respectively. Clinically acceptable intubating conditions were significantly (P < 0.05) less likely to occur in Group R(2). The mean arterial pressure decreased immediately after induction in all groups. There was no significant elevation in heart rate after tracheal intubation in all groups. There were no significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy, premedicated patients with favorable airway anatomy can be reliably intubated with good or excellent conditions 90 seconds after the administrations of remifentanil 3-4 microgram/kg and propofol.
Alfentanil ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopy ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Propofol*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

To evaluate the character, management and clinical results of the posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery, we retrospectively studied the cataract surgeries that were performed between May 1989 and April 1998. We discovered 194 eyes in which the posterior capsule was torn. The overall incidence of this complication was 3.15%. Our chart review of these surgical procedure revealed that the tear occurred most frequently during the nucleus removal(63.9%), occurred more frequently at the periphery than the center and the extent was mostly below one-third of the whole posterior capsular surface(75.8%). We performed vitrectomy(58.8%) and peripheral iridectomy(8.8%). Posterior capsular lenses were implanted in 183 cases. The predicted power of lens calculated with SRK-II formula and manufacturer`s A-constant was approximately 0.46 diopter less than actual postoperative refraction. Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 76.8% of the 194 cases. Our results revealed that when properly managed, a torn posterior capsule is compatible with an excellent visual outcome.
Cataract* ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Visual Acuity

Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a bullous erythematous disease that is characterized by the appearance of scaled lesions and large sheets of pilling on the skin. A caseof TEN occured in a 10 month old female patient. The characteristic skin lesions of TEN developed after oral administration of carbamazepine for a partial seizure. Thig case consists of prodrome of malaise, fever, anorexia, and conjunctivity followed by erythema & flaccid bullae formation. Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic findings. This patient was treated with a massive systemic corticosteroid, antibiotics, fluid and electrolytes, and topical measures. Authors experienced an extremely rare case of TEN dur to carbamazepine, So report it with a brief review of literature.
Administration, Oral ; Anorexia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbamazepine ; Diagnosis ; Electrolytes ; Erythema ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Seizures ; Skin ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Gas* ; Lasers, Solid-State*

Background and objectives: A large body of evidence suggests that ozone plays an important role in the development of respiratory allergy. However, the mechanisms by which ozone may interact with airway responses to allergen are not clear. The aim of this study was to determine whether ozone enhances the nasal inflammatory responses to allergen challenge in ovalbumin-sensitized rats and whether ozone has an effect on the allergic sensitization process. METHOD: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were divided into five groups : control group (group 1), group exposed to 0.3 ppm ozone for 3 days (6 hr/day) (Group 2), group challenged by allergen in ovalbumin-sensitized rats (group 3), group exposed to ozone followed by allergen challenge in ovalbumin-sensitized rats (group 4), and group exposed to 0.3 ppm ozone for 6 hours at intervals of 3 days during allergen sensitization (group 5). To induce the allergic rhinitis in groups 3, 4, and 5, rats were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin-Al(OH)3 gel solution, followed by intranasal nebulization of 0.1% ovalbumin solution. Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) was obtained immediately after the last exposure and then Evans blue dye was infused via the femoral vein. The concentration of protein and total cell counts in NLF and the amount of extravasated Evans blue dye in nasal mucosa were measured. RESULTS: Ozone exposure significantly increased the concentration of protein and total cell counts in NLF and Evans blue extravasation compared to the control group. Allergen challenge in sensitized rats increased total cell counts in NLF and Evans blue extravasation although the differences between this group and the controls did not reach statistical significance. The combination of ozone exposure and allergen challenge caused significant increase in total cell counts in NLF and Evans blue extravasation compared to groups 2 and 3. However, there were no significant differences in Evans blue extravasation, concentrations of protein and total cell counts in NLF between groups 3 and 5. CONCLUSION: Ozone may enhance the nasal inflammatory responses to allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Evans Blue ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Nasal Lavage Fluid ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ovalbumin ; Ozone* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a syndrome characterized by postural headache without trauma, spinal anesthesia or other medical history. The headache is usually resolved in a few days or weeks if the patient remains in bed with good hydration. Relief can usually be obtained by the application of a blood patch, by injecting 10-20 ml of the patient's own blood into the epidural space close to the leakage site. In the overwhelming majority of patients, the leak is at the level of the spine, particularly the thoracic spine and cervicothoracic junction. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting with mental change has rarely been reported. We report a 39 years old male patient who was diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The patient experienced continuous headache followed by slight mental change. The patient was successfully managed by 3 episodes of epidural blood patch.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Patch, Epidural* ; Epidural Space ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Male ; Spine

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a syndrome characterized by postural headache without trauma, spinal anesthesia or other medical history. The headache is usually resolved in a few days or weeks if the patient remains in bed with good hydration. Relief can usually be obtained by the application of a blood patch, by injecting 10-20 ml of the patient's own blood into the epidural space close to the leakage site. In the overwhelming majority of patients, the leak is at the level of the spine, particularly the thoracic spine and cervicothoracic junction. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting with mental change has rarely been reported. We report a 39 years old male patient who was diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The patient experienced continuous headache followed by slight mental change. The patient was successfully managed by 3 episodes of epidural blood patch.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Patch, Epidural* ; Epidural Space ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Male ; Spine