556 Monocular blinded men were observed, and results were as following. 1) 500 patients (89.9%) had visuial acuity of 20/20 or better in the fellow eye. 2) 56 patients (10.1%) were ametropia.
Humans ; Male ; Refractive Errors

Poliomyelitis was first described in medical literature in 1789 by Underwood, an English physician. In 1909, Landsteiner and Popper confirmed the etiology of the poliomyelitis from a virus. Thereafter with clinical application of Salk and Sabin vaccinations, and marked improvements in control of poliomyelitis, the incidence of this disease has markedly decreased in developed nations. In Korea, Miyoshi was the first to report an epidemic of poliomyelitis in Dae Goo in 1939. Statistical analysis is presented of 752 cases of the late effects of the poliomyelitis who were admitted to Orthopedic Department of the Severance Hospital during the ten year period from Jan. 1961 to Dec. 1971. Results of this study are as follows: 1. The incidence in males was greater than in females (males 59.3%, females 40.7%). 2. 95.3% of the 752 cases were found to occur under the age of four years, and highest peak by age occurred between 12 and 24 months (38.7%) 3. The peak duration of deformities was from 3 years to 5 years (29.1%) 4. Difference between the incidences of the city and of the rural areas was not determined. There was no difference between the age distribution of the onset in Seoul, in the medium-sized cities and in rural areas. 5. Paralytic poliomyelitis was observed even in vaccinated children 2.5% of total cases after one injection of Salk vaccine, 1.6% after two injections of Salk vaccine, and 1.3% after three injections of Salk vaccine, and 0.2% followed a combination of Salk and Sabin vaccination. 6. Deformity of the upper extremity was only 1.2% of that of the total body. But deformity of the lower extremity was 93.9% of the total. There was no difference between the deformities in both sides. In deformities of the lower extremities, deformities of the foot were most common (29.3% of the total), those of the knee 21.3%, those of the hip 10.9%, those of the toes 8.6% and those of the legs were 8.0% Deformities of the spines were 4.4% and those of the pelvis were 0.5%. In individual deformities, discrepancy in leg length was most common (15.8% of the total), equinovalgus 7.9%, external tibial torsion 7.7%, claw toe 6.8%, equnovarus 6.2%, knock knee 5.6% and combination of flexion, abduction and external rotation of the hip was 5.4%. 7. The locations of the paralyses were found to be 90.7% in the lower extremities, 7.6% in the upper extremities, 1.5% in the trunk and 0.2% in the neck. In involvement of the upper extremities, the most frequent were in the Triceps brachii (0.5% of involvements of the total body muscles), Deltoideus (0.5%) & Biceps brachii (0.4%). In the involvement of the lower extremity, Tibialis anterior was found to be the most frequent (6.1% of invelvements of the total body muscles), Iliopsoas 6.1%, Quadriceps 6.1% and Tibialis posterior was 6.0%. Generally, the muscles of the upper extremity were more frequently affected in mild involvement than in severe involvement except that the Opponens pollicis was slightly more frequently affected in severe involvement than in mild involvement. However the muscles of the lower extremities were slightly more frequently affected in severe involvement than in mild involvement. Especially the Tibialis anterior, Quadriceps, Tibialis posterior, and hip adductors were more frequently affected in severe involvement than in mild involvement. Generally in the muscles of the upper and lower extremities, the proximal muscles were involved more frequently than that of the distal. There was no difference between the frequencies of the invelvements of right and left sides. 8. Taking associated paralysis into account it was shown that certain muscles that receive nerve supply from the same segment were paralysis or weakened together. Tibialis anterior and Tibialis posterior, Quadriceps and hip adductors, Quadriceps and hip flexors were the most numerous combinations of the associated paralysis. 9. Looking at spinal segment innervation in relation to miId affection of muscles, the highest incidence was found in the first lumbar segment. In segment incidence of severe paralysis the highest incidence was found in the second and third lumbar segments.
Age Distribution ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daegu ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Foot ; Genu Valgum ; Hammer Toe Syndrome ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscles ; Neck ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Pelvis ; Poliomyelitis ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; Seoul ; Spine ; Statistics as Topic ; Toes ; Upper Extremity ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether maternal body mass index measured before pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. METHODS: Maternal weight and height were prospectively collected on 819 women who delivered between 37 weeks and 42 weeks in the College of Medicine, Catholic University of Taegu-Hyosung. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square tests, prepregnancy maternal weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index, and its contribution to the risk of cesarean delivery was determined. Women with congenital anomaly and pregestational diabetes were exclude from analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of risk factors for cesarean delivery in the 819 women revealed a decreased risk of cesarean delivery with maternal age < or =20 years and multiparity; increased risk of cesarean delivery was noted with maternal age >30 years. Increase in prepregnancy maternal body mass index and total weight gain were significantly associated with increase in the odds of cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: The risk of cesarean delivery is associated with incremental changes in maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Prepregnancy counseling about optimizing maternal weight and monitoring weight gain during pregnancy to decrease the risk of cesarean delivery are supported by this study.
Body Mass Index* ; Counseling ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Breast*

These clinical and mycological observations were made on 898 cases of tinea facisle diagnosed by the clinical findings and KOH exsmination among the 137,197 out-patients exsmined for five years from Jaunary 1981 to December 1985 at Chilgok Catholic Skin Clinic, Taegu, Korea. Following results were obtained: 1. The annual number of patients with tinea faciale was 159(0.75% of the total outpatients) in 1981, 174(0.56%) in 1982, 181(0.67%) in 1983, 181(0.67%) in 1984,and 203 (0.83%) in 1985. 2. Of the 898 patients, male patients numbered 395 and female 503. Although the age distribution of patients was highest under age 14 in both sexes, males outnumbered females slightly before age 19 and, as age advanced, female predominance became more marked. 3. Of the 898 patients, 7Z6 organisms composed of 5 species were isolated. The species isolated were in the order of decreasing frequency, Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytea (296,40.8%), Microsporum(M.) canis (218,30.0%), T. rubrum (189,26.0%), M. gypseam (21,2.9%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (2,0.3%). 4. M. canis was the chief cause of tinea faciale in children under 14. The infection due to T. mentagrophytes and M. canis outnumbered T, rubrum markedly in the young age group before 14, but T. rubrum predominated in the middle age group from 20 to 29. In the old age group after 40, T. mentagrophytes reappeared as a major cause of the disease. 5. T. mentagrophytes predominated in rural area and M. cania in urban area but no sexual variation was found. T. rubrum and M. gypseum prevailed slightly more in urban areas than in rural areas. 6. Eczematous annular ringworm (without central clearing) types were seen most frequently in the cases cssed by T. menagrophytes and clsssic ringworm types were seen most frequently in the cases caused by M. cania 7. Coexistent fungal infections were chiefly T. corporis in the csses of T. mentagrophytes and M. canis, but T. pedis and T. unguium in the cases of T. rubrum. 8. As a result of mating studies, 177 strsins of T. mentagrophytes proved to be Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (51 of the "+" mating type and 126 of the "-"mating type), 12 strains of M. gypseum proved to be Nannizzia(N) incurvata (4, "-" and 8,"-") and 4 proved to be N. gypsea (2, "+" and 2, "-" ).
Age Distribution ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Daegu ; Epidermophyton ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; Skin ; Tinea*

No abstract available.
Dental Arch* ; Incisor*

No abstract available.

Treatment of persistent uveitis with Methotrexate (MTX) in a 35 years-old Korean male has been reported. The patient vision was HM in right eye and 0.02 in left eye on admission, and improved to 0.2 in right eye and 1.0 in left eye after MTX treatment for 45 days. A brief review of literatures has also been described.
Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Methotrexate* ; Uveitis*

In order to find an environment-friendly method to suppress astragal stem rot caused by the isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 and AG 4, we tested an antagonistic fungus Gliocladium virens G1 was evaluated as a biocontrol agent and estimated inorganic compounds and organic materials were tested for their effect of the disease suppression. G. virens G1 effectively inhibited mycelial growth in a dual culture and caused mycelial lysis in the culture filtrate. No adverse effect was observed when examined for seed germination and seedling growth. Promoted seedling growth was observed with the seed treatment. Seeds of astragal plant were germinated higher in the sterile soil than the natural soil. Of 14 inorganics tested, alum, aluminum sulfate and calcium oxide significantly suppressed the mycelial growth and sclerotial germination. Milled pine bark and oak sawdust also suppressed the mycelial growth. Soil amended with 1% of G. virens G1 composted with pine bark (w/v) significantly controlled astragal stem rot in the glasshouse experiments.
Aluminum ; Calcium ; Fungi ; Germination ; Gliocladium* ; Hypocrea* ; Plants ; Rhizoctonia* ; Seedlings ; Soil*

During the period from January 1980 to September 1988, 59 patients suffering from brachial plexus injury, have admitted to Seoul National University Hospital. Fifty-four patients were male and 5 patients were female, and age ranged from 6 to 58 years (mean:26.8 years). The most common cause of injury was traffic accident accounting for 66% (39patient), and among them 24 patients(62%) had the motor cycle accident. Birth injury, stab or gun shot wound, fall down and industrial hazard were following causes. Fracture and dislocation of involved limb accompanied in 19 patients(32%) and 2 patients of arterial injury were also found. EMG and cervicsl myelography with or without CT were performed in almost all the patients and MRI was performed in selected patients. Forty-five patients(76%) had supra-clavicular lesion and 14 patients (24%) had infra-clavicular lesion. In supra-clavicular lesion, upper roots or whole roots were involved in most of cases. Forty-nine cases were treated with conservative treatment for more than 8 months and operative procedures were performed in 36 cases. In operative cases, 30 patients were followed up for more than 1 year (average 24.3 months). Signs of root avulsion were found in 25 out of 31 cases of cervical myelography. MRI was performed in 7 cases, but it was inconclusive in diagnosis of root involvement. Infra-clavicular lesion showed better prognosis than supra-clavicular lesion. In supra-clavicular lesion, upper root involvement had the best prognosis. A pseudocyst detected by myelography usually precluded recovery in the root at the level of pseudocyst. Result of reparative treatment was better than that of conservative treatment. Overall satisfactory result in reparative treatment was 36%. However, if we include neurological improvement, positive result was 53%. Complete recovery was gained in half cases of neurolysis and other half showed no recovery, but all the cases of neurotization showed poor result. Reconstructive surgery including arthrodesis or muscle transfer can be effective treatment method, if it is performed properly on a selective patient.
Accidents, Traffic ; Arthrodesis ; Birth Injuries ; Brachial Plexus ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methods ; Myelography ; Nerve Transfer ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Wounds and Injuries