Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lead ; adverse effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Dental Cements ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Tooth ; drug effects

The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs in treating osteoporosis have become the focus under study. Pharmacological studies have shown that traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are promoters for the proliferation of osteoblasts, inhibitors for the activity of osteoclasts, regulators for the estrogen level and its receptor, plays important roles in promoting osteogenesis and suppressing adipogenesis of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), modulating the function of OPG/RANK/RANKL system and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, as well as antioxidation. The anti-osteoporotic active ingredients and pharmacological action mechanism of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are summarized from the perspective of molecular and cell biology in this paper, so as to provide references for the study of their mechanism of anti-osteoporosis and for the development of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying and bone-strengthening drugs.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of androgen on microstructure and mechanics nature of bone in orchiechtomied (ORX) male rats and reveal its mechanism by using the Micro CT analysis, bone biomechanics test, bone histomorphometric parameter test, and total body bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiomery (DXA).

METHODSThirty 12-month-old male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups including ORX, sham-operated (Sham) and androgen (AD) group, ten rats in every group. Total body BMD was measured by DXA. Femurs and vertebrae were then harvested at the 12 th week after ORX for micro-computed tomography (Micro CT), histology and biomechanical were tested.

RESULTSThe administration of testosterone may reverse the decreasing BMD of total body and may prevent the decreasing weight. The biomechanical values of Maximum load, Enery, Maximum stress, Elastic Modulus of AD group significantly enhanced compared with ORX group (P < 0.05). The results of histomorphometric parameters showed that cancellous bone volume, osteoblast-osteoid interface, linear extent of bone formation, mineralizing surfaces, mineral apposition rate increased in the therapy group.

CONCLUSIONAndrogen can accelerate cancellous bone formation and bone turnover, improve bone microstructure and enhance bone intensity and BMD.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective: To evaluate the application of mechanically reinforced 45S5 Bioglass^®-derived glass ceramic porous scaffolds for repair of bone defect in rabbits. Methods: The BG-ZnB powders were added into the 45S5 Bioglass^® powder/paraffin microsphere mixtures and were sintered at 900℃ to obtain porous scaffolds with highly bioactive BG-ZnB of 0%, 2% or 4% of mass fraction (denoted as 45S5/ZnB0, 45S5/ZnB2, 45S5/ZnB4). Phase composition, porosity and compression properties of three kinds of as-sintered scaffolds were characterized by X-ray analysis, mercury porosimetry, and mechanical test. Thirty-six male New Zealand rabbits with critical-sized femoral bone defects were randomly divided into three groups (45S5/ZnB0 group, 45S5/ZnB2 group and 45S5/ZnB4 group, 12 for each), and were implanted with three kinds of porous scaffolds respectively. X-ray, micro-CT three-dimensional reconstruction and tissue slice staining were used to detected the efficiency of bone regeneration at 6 and 16 weeks after operation. The growth of newly formed bone was observed using HE, Masson staining and EnVision method. Results: Phase compositions of 45S5/ZnB2 and 45S5/ZnB4 were the same with 45S5/ZnB0, but the average pore size and porosity of the scaffolds were decreased with the increase of BG-ZnB content. 45S5/ZnB2 and 45S5/ZnB4 scaffolds exhibited higher compressive strength, osteogenesis and trabecular density than those of the 45S5/ZnB0 scaffold (all P<0.05). With the mechanical reinforcement of BG-ZnB increased, the content of new bone, collagen type I and osteocalcin increased. Conclusion: Low-melt BG-ZnB-assisted sintering is a promising approach to improve the mechanical strength of 45S5 Bioglass^®.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Ceramics ; chemistry ; Glass ; Male ; Porosity ; Rabbits ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry

The study aims to investigate the embryo-fetus development toxicity of the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 on SD rats. The pregnant rats that were randomly divided into the solvent control group (1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose water solution) and HS060098 suspension groups (10, 30 and 100 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1)) were orally administered with HS060098 suspension or vehicle during the gestation of 6 -15 days (GD6-15). At termination (GD20), female rats were sacrificed. The pregnant females were evaluated by corpora lutea count, implantation sites, existence and death of embryos. Fetal sex, weight, externals, variations and malformations of viscus and skeleton were observed. The results show that there were no significant abnormality in maternal general conditions and fetal appearance as well as viscera, but in the 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) group, the maternal weight gain decreased greatly (P < 0.01) and the skeletal ossification delayed remarkably (P < 0.01); in the 30 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1) group, the fatal and litter number of incompletely ossified sternebrae II was higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the skeletal malformations occurred in all dose groups, which indicate that the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 had maternal toxicity and adversely effected fetal skeletal development under the experimental conditions.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; PPAR delta ; agonists ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests

This study was aimed to detect the effects of alcohol on bone metabolism and biomechanical property of growing mice. Thirty KM mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely basal control group (mice were killed at the beginning), normal control group (with distilled water given by gastrogavage), and 50% (V/V) alcohol group (with alcohol given by gastrogavage at the dose of 4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 60 days). All mice were killed and their proximal tibia and tibial diaphysis were processed by undecalcified sections and measured by bone histomorphometry. The biomechanical properties of lumbar vertebra and femur were tested. Compared with normal control, the index of trabecular bone area (% Tb. Ar) of proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and the static parameter of cortical bone( Ct. Ar) both decreased obviously (P < 0.05) in alcohol group. Bone formation rate (BFR/TV) of trabecular bone and cortical bone dropped also (P < 0.05). The maximal resistibility of lumbar vertebra and structural mechanical strength of proximal femoral neck both declined significantly (P < 0.01) in alcohol group. Low dose of alcohol inhibited the bone formation rate of growing mice , thus leading to a disorder of bone metabolism and a decrease in biomechanical quality.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation

This study was undertaken to investigate the bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in female patients suffering from depression. Forty-two female patients diagnosed with depression and 42 healthy women, all in the premenopausal age, were enrolled. A clinical evaluation, measurements of the biochemical markers of bone metabolism and BMD measurements were performed. The BMD values were found to be similar in all measured sites. It was concluded that a low BMD was not a prominent feature of premenopausal women with mild depression, even though an increase in bone resorption was found.
Adult ; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects ; *Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Depression/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Premenopause

Maximizing peak bone mass is advocated as a way to prevent osteoporosis. To evaluate the peak bone mass and the affecting factors in Korean women, we analyzed bone stiffness in 116 middle school students, 118 high school students and 115 female college students by using the Achilles densitometer (Lunar Corporation). Peak bone stiffness of Korean women was relatively lower than that of white women (94% of white women) and a rapid rise of bone stiffness was observed in those subjects 3-4 years after menarche. In adolescent females without menstruation, the bone stiffness was lower than that of adolescent girls with menstruation. The factors affecting the peak bone mass was similar to the risk factors of post menopausal osteoporosis: menstruation status, calcium intake and physical activity. The amount of calcium intake in Korean girls at the critical age (3-4 years after menarche) was lower than the RDA (requirement of daily allowance) at this age. To improve any program aimed at maximizing peak bone mass, further intensive study will be required to evaluate some other common factors affecting peak bone mass in Korean.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging/physiology ; *Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/physiology ; Calcium, Dietary/pharmacology ; Child ; Elasticity ; Female ; Human ; Korea ; Menarche

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; toxicity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; Femur ; Magnesium ; Rats ; Zinc