Bone is a common metastatic site of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with about 30% of metastatic RCC patients are suffering from bone metastasis. More than 70% of RCC patients with bone metastasis may experience skeletal related events (SREs), which may severely impair patients' quality of life and even shorten their survival time. Therefore, SREs prevention has become one of the treatment objectives of RCC bone metastasis. Bone-modifying agents are the basic treatment of bone metastases in addition to anti-tumor therapy. The treatment of RCC bone metastasis also requires multi-disciplinary team and individualized comprehensive treatment strategies. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of RCC bone metastasis in China, the expert group of Genitourinary Oncology Committee, Chinese Anti-cancer Association has formulated the expert consensus for the reference of clinical practice, to improve the general therapeutic level of RCC with bone metastasis and benefit more patients.
Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Quality of Life

Chemical investigation of the culture extract of an endophytic Penicillium citrinum from Dendrobium officinale, afforded nine citrinin derivatives (1-9) and one peptide-polyketide hybrid GKK1032B (10). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined for the first time by calculation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Among them, GKK1032B (10) showed significant cytotoxicity against human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 with an IC₅₀ value of 3.49 μmol·L^-1, and a primary mechanistic study revealed that it induced the apoptosis of MG63 cellsvia caspase pathway activation.
Apoptosis ; Bone Neoplasms ; Caspases ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma/drug therapy* ; Penicillium

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects and toxicities of docetaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy against recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer who were previously heavily treated with one or more lines of chemotherapy. METHODS: Sixteen patients with a recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer, previously received first or more line chemotherapy, had been treated with docetaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy at Kosin Medical Center from December 2001 to May 2003. The docetaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy consists of docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and carboplatin 450 mg/m2 given i.v. every 3-4 weeks. The response of patients was evaluated with the tumor marker (serum CA-125) and imaging studies (ultrasonogram, CT, MRI). The toxicities were defined according to the WHO toxicity criteria. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 50% (8/16). Eight patients were evaluable for response by WHO criteria. The response rate by WHO criteria was 37.5% (3/8). In detail, complete response was 12.5%, partial response was 25%, stable disease was 37.5% and progressive disease was 25%. The serologic CA-125 response rate was 50% (8/16), in detail serologic partial response was 50%, and serologic stable disease was 31% and serologic progressive disease was 19%. The median response duration was 10 months (3 to 17 months), the median time to response was 1 month (1/2 to 2 months) and the median time to re-progression was 5 months (3 to 7 months). The most common toxicity was gastrointestinal toxicity and the bone marrow suppression was proved as a most serious side effect. CONCLUSION: The docetaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy as a 2nd or more lines regimen against heavily pre-treated recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer is considerable but was associated significant gastrointestinal and bone marrow side effects. Routine premedication is recommended.
Bone Marrow ; Carboplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Premedication

The standard first-line treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is docetaxel-based chemotherapy. However, CRPC may not respond to docetaxel due to drug resistance or other causes. Several new therapeutic agents have been developed, some of which are approved by FDA or on clinical trials. The mechanisms of action of these agents include stabilizing microtubules, inhibiting hormone synthesis, blocking androgen receptor, bone targeting or immune regulation. In this article we review the novel therapeutic options for CPRC after docetaxel failure.
Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Taxoids ; therapeutic use

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. The most commonly used treatment for OS is surgery combined with chemotherapy, but the treatment outcomes are typically unsatisfactory. High rates of metastasis and post-treatment recurrence rates are major challenges in the treatment of OS. This underlines the need for studying the in-depth characterization of the pathogenetic mechanisms of OS and development of more effective therapeutic modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of the bone microenvironment and the regulation of signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OS. In this review, we discussed the available evidence pertaining to the mechanisms of OS development and identified therapeutic targets for OS. We also summarized the available treatment modalities for OS and identified future priorities for therapeutics research.
Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Signal Transduction ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Treatment Outcome ; Osteosarcoma/drug therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans

Objective: Patients with advanced sarcomas have a dismal prognosis with few effective therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced sarcoma and to explore the relationship between adverse events (AEs) and efficacy. Methods: Data from 45 advanced sarcoma patients who received anlotinib monotherapy at Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2018 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1, the objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were calculated, and the progression free survival (PFS) and treatment-related AEs were recorded and analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival rates were compared using the Log rank test. Results: Forty patients were treated for more than 1.5 months and received efficacy evaluation. The ORR and DCR after 3 months were 7.5%(3/40) and 80.0%(32/40), respectively. The overall ORR was 2.5%(1/40), the total DCR was 27.5%(11/40), and the median progression-free survival (m-PFS) was 6.70 months; The m-PFS of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma (ASPS) was 10.27 months, which was significantly longer than that of other subtypes of sarcoma (P=0.048). In addition, the DCR of ASPS and synovial sarcoma (SS) was significantly better than that of osteosarcoma (P<0.05). The most common AEs were elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (17.8%, 8/45), anemia (15.6%, 7/45), fatigue (11.1%, 5/45). Five patients developed grade 3 AEs after treatment; The PFS of patients with hand-foot syndrome after treatment was significantly longer than that of patients without hand-foot syndrome (14.10 vs 6.00, P=0.024). Conclusions: The efficacy of anlotinib in the treatment of ASPS and SS is better than that of other subtypes. The PFS in the group with hand-foot syndrome was significantly longer than that of the group without hand-foot syndrome.
Humans ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma/drug therapy* ; Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Bone Neoplasms

Objective: Patients with advanced sarcomas have a dismal prognosis with few effective therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced sarcoma and to explore the relationship between adverse events (AEs) and efficacy. Methods: Data from 45 advanced sarcoma patients who received anlotinib monotherapy at Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2018 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1, the objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were calculated, and the progression free survival (PFS) and treatment-related AEs were recorded and analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival rates were compared using the Log rank test. Results: Forty patients were treated for more than 1.5 months and received efficacy evaluation. The ORR and DCR after 3 months were 7.5%(3/40) and 80.0%(32/40), respectively. The overall ORR was 2.5%(1/40), the total DCR was 27.5%(11/40), and the median progression-free survival (m-PFS) was 6.70 months; The m-PFS of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma (ASPS) was 10.27 months, which was significantly longer than that of other subtypes of sarcoma (P=0.048). In addition, the DCR of ASPS and synovial sarcoma (SS) was significantly better than that of osteosarcoma (P<0.05). The most common AEs were elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (17.8%, 8/45), anemia (15.6%, 7/45), fatigue (11.1%, 5/45). Five patients developed grade 3 AEs after treatment; The PFS of patients with hand-foot syndrome after treatment was significantly longer than that of patients without hand-foot syndrome (14.10 vs 6.00, P=0.024). Conclusions: The efficacy of anlotinib in the treatment of ASPS and SS is better than that of other subtypes. The PFS in the group with hand-foot syndrome was significantly longer than that of the group without hand-foot syndrome.
Humans ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma/drug therapy* ; Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Bone Neoplasms

To develop a more appropriate therapeutic strategy for treatment of nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma based on the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification, we reviewed the medical records of patients with nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma who were treated over a 20-year period. Only 15 (2.2%) of the 686 cases of testicular seminoma were nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma. The median age of patients was 38 years (range, 22-53 years). Ten (67%) of the patients had an initial diagnosis of supradiaphragmatic or visceral metastatic disease. In addition to nonpulmonary visceral metastasis, all patients had lymph node metastasis as well, the majority of which involved the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The median and mean progression-free survival durations after chemotherapy for advanced disease were 19 months and 63.7 months, respectively. Six patients (40%) survived, five relapsed after radiation therapy and four died of chemorefractory disease not dependent on the specific regimen. Although the number of cases reviewed in this study was small, we conclude that the choice of chemotherapeutic regimen among the current treatments for nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma of testis primary does not present a different outcome. Therefore, multimodality therapies using new strategies or new agents are well indicated.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/administration & dosage* ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Human ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Age ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/secondary* ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminoma/secondary* ; Seminoma/radiotherapy ; Seminoma/drug therapy* ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects and toxicities and cost effectiveness of iv etoposide-carboplatin- cyclophosphamide (ECC) combination chemotherapy against persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer who were previously heavily treated with one or more lines of chemotherapy which included platinum-paclitaxel- cyclophosphamide-topotecan based regimens. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer, previously received first or more line chemotherapy, had been treated with ECC combination chemotherapy at Konsin Medical Center from September 2000 to October 2002. The ECC (iv etoposide-carboplatin-cyclophosphamide) combination chemotherapy consists of 100 mg/m2 etoposide iv and 500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide iv in first day and 100 mg/m2 etoposide iv, 450 mg/m2 carboplatin iv in second day and 100 mg/m2 etoposide iv in third (and 4th-5th day if necessary) every 3-4 weeks. The response of patients was evaluated with the tumor marker (serum CA-125) and imaging studies (ultrasonogram, CT, MRI). The toxicities were defined according to the WHO toxicity criteria. RESULTS: The overall response rate by WHO criteria is 47%. In detail, partial response is 47%, Stable disease is 40% and progressive disease is 13%. The serologic CA-125 response rate is 64%, in detail serologic partial response is 64%, and serologic stable disease is 22% and serologic progressive disease is 14%. The median response duration is 9 months (4 to 12 months), the median time to response is 1 month (2 weeks to 2 months) and the median time to progression is 9 month (4 to 12 months). The most common side effect is nausea and vomiting and the bone marrow suppression is proved as a most serious side effect (grade 3 or more-13%). CONCLUSION: The iv etoposide-carboplatin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy as a 2nd or more lines regimen against persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer is considerable.
Bone Marrow ; Carboplatin* ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Humans ; Nausea ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Vomiting