Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a neoplasm of vascular origin with a low-to-intermediate malignant potential and is one of the rare sarcomas arising from the liver. Its etiology is unknown and its clinical outcome is unpredictable. There is no generally accepted therapeutic strategy because of its rarity and the variable natural course between hemangioma and angiosarcoma. We report a case of a 64-year old woman who underwent hepatic resection due to epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the right lobe that progressed to extrahepatic metastases of the bone, pleura, and peritoneum 22 months later. However, after resection there was no primary hepatic recurrence.
Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/secondary ; Female ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/*diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/secondary ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patella ; Sternum

A 59-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat with a complaint of six-month history of left facial numbness and toothache. There was no special previous medical history in addition to smoking. No obvious abnormality in routine electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal B ultrasound were found. (1) CT scans showed heterogeneous shadows in maxillary sinus with the lesions on the left max- illary bone and evidently destruction of alveolar bone. The histopathological examination revealed bone tissue which was partly covered by an intact adenocarcinoma cell. (2) Immunohistochemical staining foe CK7, CD117, thyroid transcription factor-1, and novel aspartic proteinase A were positive and thus compatible with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. (3) Chest CT scans showed a 1 cm x 2 cm mass on the superior lobe of the left lung, with destruction of sternum and rib, confirming that the lesions in the paranasal sinuses were lung cancer metastases. Therefore, this patient conclusively diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma with multiple bone metastases.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; secondary

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnostic value of bone marrow biopsy for bone marrow metastatic tumor with unknown primary tumor site.

METHODSThirty-eight cases of metastatic bone marrow tumors were diagnosed by light microscopy, and the bone marrow samples from these cases with unknown primary tumor sites were examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn all the cases, the bone marrow was infiltrated by tumor cells between the bone trabecula. Twenty patients were identified to have poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, 6 had mucinous adenocarcinomas, 6 had mucinous carcinomas, 4 had poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and 2 had melanoma. Immunohistochemistry identified the primary tumor sites in these cases, including 12 stomach cancers, 10 breast cancers, 8 prostate cancers, 4 lung cancers, 1 dorsal melanoma, 1 left foot melanoma, and 2 nasopharyngeal cancers.

CONCLUSIONProper immunohistochemistry can help determine the primary tumor sites in patients with metastatic bone marrow tumor with unknown primary tumor sites.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; diagnosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are unusual mesenchymal neoplasms composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinct perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs). Although PEComas have the potential to behave in a malignant fashion, malignant PEComas arising from the retroperitoneum are extremely rare. A 68-year-old woman presented with a painful palpable mass in her left upper abdomen. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a 9 cm sized heterogeneous mass in left para-aortic space and multiple hypervascular nodules in the liver. 18F-fludeoxyglucose-PET/CT showed multifocal hypermetabolic lesions in retroperitoneum, liver, and skeletal bones. Percutaneous needle biopsies were done on the retroperitoneal and hepatic mass. Both specimens were positive for human melanoma black-45 (HMB-45) on histological and immunohistochemical staining which was compatible with PEComas. Herein, we report a rare case of retroperitoneal PEComa with multiple metastases involving liver and bone at initial diagnosis that exhibited aggressive behavior and resulted in a devastating prognosis.
Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology/radiography/secondary ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology/radiography/secondary ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report an unusual case of osteoblastic metastasis from gastric carcinoma. In this case, bone metastasis was the initial manifestation of the cancer. The laboratory findings revealed mild hypocalcemia and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Plain X-ray showed mottled osteoblastic changes in the pelvis. Bone marrow and bone biopsy of the pelvis revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with increased osteoblastic activity. An extensive search for the primary site revealed advanced gastric carcinoma, which was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/*secondary ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; *Osteoblasts/radiography ; *Pelvis/radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report an unusual case of osteoblastic metastasis from gastric carcinoma. In this case, bone metastasis was the initial manifestation of the cancer. The laboratory findings revealed mild hypocalcemia and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Plain X-ray showed mottled osteoblastic changes in the pelvis. Bone marrow and bone biopsy of the pelvis revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with increased osteoblastic activity. An extensive search for the primary site revealed advanced gastric carcinoma, which was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/*secondary ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; *Osteoblasts/radiography ; *Pelvis/radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare neoplasm of endothelial origin. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific, ranging from complete absence of symptoms to hepatic failure and death. Spontaneous rupture of a hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is an extremely rare presentation. We present a case of primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a 65-year-old male patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. He was hospitalized due to epigastric pain and multiple liver masses on abdominal ultrasound. Dynamic liver CT imaging revealed multiple peripheral nodular enhanced mass lesions with delayed centripetal enhancement, and the adjacent collection of high-attenuation fluid along the liver capsule. Abdominal tapping revealed blood in the peritoneal cavity. Primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with spontaneous rupture was finally diagnosed based on a histopathologic examination revealing positive immunohistochemical staining for CD34.
Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis/secondary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/complications/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Male ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/secondary ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) in prostate cancer bone metastasis.

METHODSSerum osteoprotegerin were measured by ELISA assay in 30 healthy men, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 66 patients with prostate cancer including 36 without bone metastasis (30 with localized cancer, 6 with lymph node metastasis) and 30 with bone metastasis. The results associated with clinical data were calculated statistically.

RESULTSSerum osteoprotegerin were significantly increased in patients with bone metastasis compared with others (P<0.001). OPG level had a positive correlation with either prostate specific antigen (PSA) or Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (r=0.427, 0.277; P<0.001); and a positive correlation with either Gleason score or grade (r=0.427, 0.277; P<0.001). ROC analysis proved that OPG had better diagnostic accuracy than ALP for detecting bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONSerum osteoprotegerin could be used as a marker for diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Bone Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoprotegerin ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity