Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have attracted high attention to their various origins, capability of multi-lineage differentiation, supporting hematopoiesis and regulating immunity. Consequently, MSC show great potential for tissue engineering and cell/gene therapy. The bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies. It was confirmed that as key components of the hematopoietic microenvironment, MSC correlated complexly with tumor microenvironment. Recent reports showed that MSC from some patients with AML, MDS, ALL and MM harboured cytogenetic alterations. In addition, the phenotype, ability of differentiation and immunoregulatory function of MSC displayed different degree of abnormalities, suggesting that MSC played a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of malignant hematopoietic diseases. Besides, MSC have been found to participate in drug resistance of antileukemic therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become an important treatment approach for the malignant hematopoietic diseases in recent years. Because of the advantages of supporting hematopoiesis and regulating immunity, MSC are used to promote the engraftment and prophylaxis/treatment of GVHD. This review summarized briefly the abnormalities of mesenchymal stem cells in malignant hematological diseases and MSC research advances on cell therapy.
Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo simulate and assess the clinical effect of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells or peripheral endothelial progenitor cells on myocardial reperfusion injury in mini-swine model.

METHODSTwenty-three mini-swine with myocardial reperfusion injury were used as designed in the study protocol. About (3.54 +/- 0.90) x 10(8) bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC group, n = 9) or (1.16 +/- 1.07) x 10(7) endothelial progenitor cells (EPC group, n = 7) was infused into the affected coronary segment of the swine. The other mini-swine were infused with phosphate buffered saline as control (n = 7). Echocardiography and hemodynamic studies were performed before and 4 weeks after cell infusion. Myocardium infarction size was calculated. Stem cell differentiation was analyzed under a transmission electromicroscope.

RESULTSLeft ventricular ejection fraction dropped by 0% in EPC group, 2% in MNC group, and 10% in the control group 4 weeks after cell infusion, respectively (P < 0.05). The systolic parameters increased in MNC and EPC groups but decreased in the control group. However, the diastolic parameters demonstrated no significant change in the three groups (P > 0.05). EPC decreased total infarction size more than MNC did (1.60 +/- 0.26 cm2 vs. 3.71 +/- 1.38 cm2, P < 0.05). Undermature endothelial cells and myocytes were found under transmission electromicroscope.

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of either MNC or EPC may be beneficial to cardiac systolic function, but might not has obvious effect on diastolic function. Intracoronary infusion of EPC might be better than MNC in controlling infarction size. Both MNC and EPC may stimulate angiogenesis, inhibit fibrogenesis, and differentiate into myocardial cells.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; therapy ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo explore the bone marrow feature of hemopoietic system injured by benzene through analyzing 56 benzolism cases.

METHODSThe 56 benzolism cases were divided into mild poisoning group, midrange poisoning group, aplastic anemia group, pancytopenia group and leukemia group. All cases progressed bone marrow aspiration and smear, and counted hundred karyocytes by Wright-Giemsa tinct bone marrow smear to classification and observe the cells' feature.

RESULTSThe megakaryocytes and the extent of bone marrow hyperplasia were decreased by turns of mild poisoning group, midrange poisoning group and aplastic anemia group. The archaeocytes and juvenile cells proliferation in mild poisoning group and midrange poisoning group were inhibited and occurred cell paramorphia which related to intoxication. Comparing with the other groups and normal reference value, the pancytopenia group's percentage of bone marrow cells in karyocytes was significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the leukemia group's percentage of bone marrow cells in karyocytes was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The proportion of cell paramorphia and nucleus malformation of granulocytes and red blood cells in pancytopenia group and leukemia group were increased, especially in leukemia group.

CONCLUSIONWe saw the inhibition of archaeocytes and juvenile cells proliferation and some cell paramorphia appearances in mild poisoning and midrange poisoning cases of chronic benzolism. The abnormality changes which can be seen in bone marrow of severe benzolism cases were corresponding with the clinical classification.

Adult ; Anemia ; etiology ; pathology ; Anemia, Aplastic ; etiology ; pathology ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of bone marrow derived endothelial cells implantation on healing of acute injured intima.

METHODSMononuclear cells derived from bone marrow were differentiated to endothelial cells. The cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Carotids injuring was induced by a balloon in 40 rabbits, endothelial cell suspension (2 x 10(6)/ml, n = 20) or PBS (2 ml, n = 20) was infused to injured arteries. The intima covered area was tested by Evan's Blue staining. The average intima thickness and media thickness were observed 7 and 14 days post procedure by histological assay. The immunofluorescent staining was performed for testing the BrdU labeled-cells, and these cells were detected under a fluorescent microscope.

RESULTSIntima covered area rate was significant higher (54.1% +/- 8.2% vs. 30.0% +/- 5.5% at day 7, and 81.8% +/- 6.0% vs. 63.6% +/- 8.4% at day 14, all P < 0.05) and the intima thickness and media thickness were significantly reduced in the endothelial cell suspension group.

CONCLUSIONThe bone marrow derived endothelial cell promoted healing post intima injury in this model compared to PBS group (all P < 0.05).

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; pathology ; transplantation ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Transplantation, Autologous

This perspective article highlights the leukocyte-cancer cell hybrid theory as a mechanism for cancer metastasis. Beginning from the first proposal of the theory more than a century ago and continuing today with the first proof for this theory in a human cancer, the hybrid theory offers a unifying explanation for metastasis. In this scenario, leukocyte fusion with a cancer cell is a secondary disease superimposed upon the early tumor, giving birth to a new, malignant cell with a leukocyte-cancer cell hybrid epigenome.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; pathology ; Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology

This study was aimed to compare the influences of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), AML patients with complete remission (CR) and non-leukemia patients on HL-60 cells. The HL-60 cells were divided into three groups: group of co-cultivation with BMMSCs of AML patients, group of co-cultivation with BMMSCs of AML patients with CR and group of co-cultivation with BMMSCs of non-leukemia patients. The count of HL-60 cells, the CD11b and survivin expression of HL-60 cells, the cell cycle distribution of the HL-60 cells in 3 groups were compared by flow cytometry, the morphology and differentiation rate of HL-60 cells in 3 groups were observed and compared by microscopy. The results showed that there were no differences in HL-60 cell count at five and seven days, in HL-60 distribution at the G(0)/G(1) phase, in survivin and CD 11b expressions in 3 groups. All cells of 3 groups began to mature, and the differentiation rates in 3 groups were 18.0 +/- 3, 17.0 +/- 1.3 and 19.0 +/- 2.0 respectively, therefore there were no significant differences between the 3 groups (p = 0.23). It is concluded that there is no influence of BMMSCs in 3 groups on the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the regularity of migration and distribution of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in injured spinal cord with intradural space transplantation.

METHODSForty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. The spinal cord injury model was prepared according to the modified Allen method. BMSCs were labeled by CM-Dil. And 5.0 multiply 10(6) cells were transplanted by different channels including intraventricular injection (Group A),injured spinal cord intrathecally injection (Group B), remote intrathecally injection at the L(3)-L(4) level (Group C), and intravenous injection (Group D). Spinal cord was dissected at 24 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after transplantation. Sections of 4 micromolar were cut on a cryostat and observed under fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTSNo fluorescence was observed 24 hours after transplantation in spinal cord injury parenchyma except Group B. One week later, BMSCs in Groups A and C began to migrate to the injured parenchyma; 2-4 weeks later, BMSCs penetrated into the injured parenchyma except Group D. The number of BMSCs decreased at 3-4 weeks after transplantation. The number of cells in Group B decreased faster than that of Groups A and C.

CONCLUSIONSBMSCs transplanted through intraventricular injection, injured spinal cord intrathecally injection and remote intrathecal injection could migrate to the injured parenchyma of spinal cord effectively. The number of BMSCs migrated into injured spinal cord parenchyma is rare by intravenous injection.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Cell Movement ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; transplantation

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Function Tests ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; cytology

The genesis and development of leukemia not only associate to intrinsic factors, but also relate with the fibrous hyperplasia in the bone marrow. This review mainly focuses on the interaction between fiber-producing cells and leukemia cells, the relationship between fibrous hyperplasia and prognosis of leukemia, the regulation of TGF-beta, PDGF and other cytokines, the underlying mechanism of fibrous hyperplasia so as to explore the potential therapeutic targets for improving the prognosis of leukemia.
Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism