Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo observe the long-term effect of tissue engineering-based repair of large weight-bearing bone defect in goats, and the final outcome of the scaffold material coral hydroxyapatite (CHAP) in vivo.

METHODSFifteen Chinese goats were subjected to operations to induce a 2-cm left tibial diaphyseal defect, which was filled subsequently with CHAP and bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs). The repaired defects were evaluated by ECT, X-ray and histology in the early stage and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTSECT showed good bone regeneration and revascularization within 2 months postoperatively. X-ray and histology displayed eccentric and gradual bone regeneration in the early stage, and the tissue-engineered bone graft was firmly healed with the goat tibia. X-ray and histological examination at 6, 12, 18, 24 months postoperatively revealed moulding of the new bones and medullary cavity recanalization, and the structure of CHAP disappeared and gradually integrated into the new bones.

CONCLUSIONTissue-engineered bone is capable of total repair of large bone defect in goats by forming normal functional new bones. CHAP can be eventually degraded completely and become the component of the newly generated bones.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Cells, Cultured ; Goats ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tibial Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Biopsy ; methods ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Brucellosis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on ovarian injury induced by chemotherapy in mice.

METHODSForty-eight mice were randomized equally into normal control group (A), cyclophosphamide and BMT group (B), and cyclophosphamide group (C). The mice in groups B and C were treated with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at the daily dose of 150 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days, and allogeneic bone marrow cell transplantation was performed in group B. The ovary coefficient and the amount of follicles were compared to evaluate the function of ovaries. For cell tracking, the bone marrow cells were labeled with Hoechst 33342 and detected through fluorescence microscope after transplantation.

RESULTSOn days 21 and 50 after cyclophosphamide treatment, the ovary coefficient and the amount of follicles were significantly lowered in groups B and C (P<0.05), but the reduction was obviously ameliorated in group B (P<0.05). Cell tracking showed the presence of the donor bone marrow cells in the ovaries of the recipients mice after BMT.

CONCLUSIONBMT can improve the ovarian function impaired by chemotherapy in mice.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cyclophosphamide ; adverse effects ; Female ; Mice ; Ovary ; pathology ; physiopathology

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of bone marrow failure diseases. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), growth factors and cytokines. The BMSC supporting haemopoiesis include mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), osteoblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages, but the adipocytes play a role in the suppression of hematopoiesis. Recently more and more researches indicate that the abnormality of bone marrow microenvironment involves in the pathogenesis and progression of MDS. In this review the abnormality of MDS bone marrow microenvironment is summarized briefly.
Bone Marrow ; physiopathology ; Cellular Microenvironment ; Cytokines ; Disease Progression ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVEThe present study was designed to test whether transplantation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in New Zealand rabbits with myocardial infarction can improve heart function; and whether engrafted donor cells can survive and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes.

METHODSTwenty milliliters bone marrow was obtained from healthy men by bone biopsy. A gradient centrifugation method was used to separate bone marrow cells (BMCs) and red blood cells. BMCs were incubated for 48 h and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The culture medium was changed twice a week for 28 d. Finally, hematopoietic cells were washed away to leave only MSCs. Human MSCs (hMSCs) were premarked by BrdU 72 h before the transplantation. Thirty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into myocardial infarction (MI) control group and cell treated group, which received hMSCs (MI+MSCs) through intramyocardial injection, while the control group received the same volume of PBS. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Cell treated rabbits were treated with 5 x 10(6) MSCs transplanted into the infarcted region after ligation of the coronary artery for 1 h, and the control group received the same volume of PBS. Cyclosporin A (oral solution; 10 mg/kg) was provided alone, 24 h before surgery and once a day after MI for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was measured in each group before the surgery and 4 weeks after the surgery to test heart function change. The hearts were harvested for HE staining and immunohistochemical studies after MI and cell transplantation for 4 weeks.

RESULTSOur data showed that cardiac function was significantly improved by hMSC transplantation in rabbit infarcted hearts 4 weeks after MI (ejection fraction: 0.695+/-0.038 in the cell treated group (n=12) versus 0.554+/-0.065 in the control group (n=13) (P<0.05). Surviving hMSCs were identified by BrdU positive spots in infarcted region and transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes characterized with a positive cardiac phenotype: troponin I.

CONCLUSIONTransplantation of hMSCs could transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and regenerate vascular structures, contributing to functional improvement.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of intracoronary implantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) in miniswine model of reperfused myocardial infarction.

METHODSSixteen miniswine myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury models made by ligation of the distal one third segment of left anterior descending artery for 90 minutes were randomized into 2 groups. In BM-MNC group (n = 9), (3.54 +/- 0.90) X 10(8) BM-MNC were intracoronary injected, and in the control group (n = 7), phosphate buffered saline was injected by the same way. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic results, vessel density, and myocardial infarction size were evaluated and compared before and 4 weeks after cell transplantation.

RESULTSIn BM-MNC group, there were no differences between before and 4 weeks after transplantation in aspects of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness, cardiac output, or +dp/dtmax. In control group, LVEF, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness, cardiac output, and +dp/dtmax decreased significantly 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and -dp/dtmax, did not change significantly before and after cell transplantation in both groups. Capillary density in BM-MNC group was greater than that in control group [(13.39 +/- 6.96)/high power field vs. (3.50 +/- 1.90)/high power field, P < 0.05]. Infarction area assessed by tetrazolium red staining and the infarction percentage decreased in BM-MNC group compared with those in control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of BM-MNC into myocardium with ischemic reperfusion injury increases capillary density and decreases infarction area. It has significantly beneficial effect on cardiac systolic function rather than on diastolic function.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Capillaries ; physiology ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Systole ; physiology ; Transplantation, Autologous ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the actions of electroacupuncture (EA) and the warming needle moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of kidney deficiency and marrow insufficiency pattern/syndrome and compare the clinical effects between these two therapies.

METHODSSeventy-four cases of KOA were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a warming needle moxibustion (WNM) group, 37 cases in each one. The acupoints were Dubi (ST 35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. In EA group, electric stimulation was given, 5 Hz, continuous wave. In the WNM group, warm needling technique was applied, 2 moxa cones on each acupoint in each time, three treatments a week. Totally, 4 weeks of treatment were required. The indicaices such as WOMAC score, illness severity index and systematic efficacy were adopted to evaluate the efficacy before treatment, 1 session and 2 sessions after treatment separately.

RESULTSThe treatment in either group achieved the effectiveness. The cured and markedly effective rate was 64.7% (22/34) in EA group and was 40.0% (14/35) in WNM group, presenting statistically significant difference in comparison (P < 0.05). But the total effective rate did not indicate significance (P > 0.05). In EA group, the releasing effect of joint pain was obvious (P < 0.01). In the WNM group, the treatment was more advantageous at relieving joint stiffness (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the mean curative time between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture and the warming needle moxibustion have their own advantages in the treatment of KOA of kidney deficiency and marrow insufficiency pattern/syndrome. Electroacupuncture is advantageous at analgesia and the warming needle moxibustion is at relieving joint stiffness. The total efficacy of electroacupuncture is superior to that of the warming needle moxibustion.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; physiopathology ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Recent studies have revealed an inverse association between height and cardiovascular disease. However, the background mechanism of this association has not yet been clarified. Height has also been reported to be positively associated with cancer. Therefore, well-known cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are not the best explanations for this inverse association because these risk factors are also related to cancer. However, impaired blood flow is the main pathological problem in cardiovascular disease, while glowing feeding vessels (angiogenesis) are the main characteristic of cancer pathologies. Therefore, endothelial maintenance activity, especially for the productivity of hematopoietic stem cells such as CD34-positive cells, could be associated with the height of an individual because this cell contributes not only to the progression of atherosclerosis but also to the development of angiogenesis. In addition, recent studies have also revealed a close connection between bone marrow activity and endothelial maintenance; bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells contribute towards endothelial maintenance. Since the absolute volume of bone marrow is positively associated with height, height could influence endothelial maintenance activity. Based on these hypotheses, we performed several studies. The aim of this review is not only to discuss the association between height and bone marrow activity, but also to describe the potential mechanism underlying endothelial maintenance. In addition, this review also aims to explain some of the reasons that implicate hypertension as a major risk factor for stroke among the Japanese population. The review also aims to clarify the anthropological reasons behind the high risk of atherosclerosis progression in Japanese individuals with acquired genetic characteristics.
Aged ; Atherosclerosis/physiopathology* ; Body Height/physiology* ; Bone Marrow/physiology* ; Disease Progression ; Endothelium/physiology* ; Humans ; Hypertension/physiopathology* ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/physiopathology*

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of autologous red bone marrow injection in treating focal bone defect in postoperative nonunion.

METHODSThirteen patients with focal bone defect in postoperative nonunion (7 cases in tibia, 2 cases in femur, 4 cases in humerus), including 8 males and 5 females with the mean age of 32.5-years-old (ranging from 15 to 60 years). The bone defects were treated with autologous red bone marrow injection (1 time per 2 weeks, 5 times in total) and the X-rays of AP and LP were observed.

RESULTSThirteen patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of 7.5 months. According to results of X-ray pictures, 13 cases obtained bone defect recovered completely, and the average time of union was 4 months.

CONCLUSIONAutologous red bone marrow injection has ascendancy such as less wound and clear clinical effect, which can accelerate bone healing and promotes functional recovery of limb. It is a good method to treat focal bone defect in postoperative nonunion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone and Bones ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult