Bone Marrow ; immunology ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenetic mechanism of cytopenia in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

METHODSTwenty-one patients with SLE and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) Coombs test was used to determine the autoantibodies and in vitro CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM yields were used to determine the proliferation function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC).

RESULTSPositive results of BMMNC-Coombs test were observed in 12 patients with SLE (57.1%), among them, 10 with (58.2%) and 2 without blood cytopenia. The yields of CFU-GM (49 +/- 40), and CFU-E (49 +/- 35) in SLE patients without cytopenia were higher than that in normal controls, but lower than that in cytopenia SLE patients. The BFU-E yield in SLE patients (3 +/- 4) was significantly lower than that in normal controls (36 +/- 12).

CONCLUSIONThere were auto-antibodies on BMMNC in patients with SLE. The blood cytopenia in SLE patients maybe resulted from the destructions of bone marrow hematopoietic cells by the autoantibodies. The capacities of bone marrow HSC in SLE patients for proliferation compensation of hematopoietic cell destruction were not damaged.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematological disorders and characterized by abnormalities of bone marrow myeloblasts in morphology and count, ineffective hematopoiesis, decrease of peripheral blood cells and high risk of transforming into acute myeloid leukemia. In this review, the morphological examination of bone marrow, bone marrow biopsy, karyotyping analysis of chromosome, and the significance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping for diagnosis and prognosis of MDS patients are discussed.
Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology

To investigate the clinical, cellular morphology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which are very similar to the morphological characteristics of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), the morphological features of bone marrow cells from patient were observed by light microscope, the immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry, the karyotypes were analyzed by conventional cytogenetic method, the hybridization signals were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results indicated that the clinical features were in accordance with acute leukemia and the immunophenotyping results showed malignant cells originated from myeloid lineage, while the cytomorphology analysis showed that the blastic cells were more like the lymphoid lineage. Trisomy 8 was found in the patient by cytogenetic study, the patient did not show good response to chemotherapy. In conclusion, acute leukemia has high heterogenicity, which could be defined as AML, but more like lymphocytic origination by morphological study. Immunophenotyping analysis could contribute to the final diagnosis of malignant cells.
Adult ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic ; immunology ; pathology ; Male

Blood Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemoid Reaction ; diagnosis

This study was aimed to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome possess immunosuppressive effect. MSCs from bone marrow samples of MDS patients were isolated, cultured and expanded. MSCs were morphologically analyzed and their immunophenotype were determined by flow cytometry. Various amounts of MSCs were added into one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. MSCs from MDS patients were tested for their ability to suppress in vitro proliferation of autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The results showed that 3 x 10(3 - 1) x 10(5) MSCs from MDS patients could inhibit autologuous PBLs proliferation to (66.9 +/- 20.1)% - (30.2 +/- 5.9)% of maximal response, as well as inhibit allogeneic PBLs proliferation to (56.6 +/- 14.7)% - (20.5% +/- 9.7)% of maximal response, as compared with inhibitory ability of MSCs from healthy donors, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded MSCs from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome also possess immunosuppressive activity.
Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; pathology

The study was aimed to compare the effects of T-cell suppression mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from normal individuals and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients. MSC were cultured from the bone marrow of 12 healthy volunteers and 12 MDS patients, the morphology, surface markers and expression of several cytokines of MSC from normal individuals and MDS patients were compared, and the effects of T-cell suppression were tested in the following assays: phytohemaglutinin (PHA)-primed cultures, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), cell cycle of T-cell after PHA-primed cultures and apoptosis of T-cell as well. The results showed that the MSC from normal individuals and MDS patients were similar in morphology, proliferation and surface markers. The suppressions of T-cell proliferation induced by PHA and alloantigens mediated by MDS-MSC were significantly lower than that of normal MSC. More T-cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase by normal MSC, while the effects were deficient by MDS-MSC. The suppression of T-cell activation mediated by MDS-MSC was also lower than that of normal MSC, but suppression effect on T-cell apoptosis increased. The cytokines TGF-beta1, 3, FasL expressed by MDS-MSC were reduced as compared with normal MSC, but TGF-beta2 expression increased in MDS-MSC. It is concluded that although the morphology, proliferation and cell surface markers of MDS-MSC are normal, the T-cell suppression mediated by MDS-MSC is deficient as compared with normal controls. Whether these abnormalities are relevant to the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia remains to be determined.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; physiology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathological and biological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. The morphology of cells was observed by means of bone marrow smear; the immunophenotype was detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assay. The results indicated that the fever, hemorrhage, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in this case were the primary presentations accompanying by leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. An adequate marrow aspirate could not be obtained. At the time of diagnosis, the bone marrow had more than 30% megakaryoblasts in nucleated cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the dual expression of CD41 and CD61 by tumor cells in bone marrow. The histopathological examination of bone marrow demonstrated infiltration of large-sized CD42b(+) cells. According to all above mentioned results, this case was diagnosed as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. In conclusion, childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease with poor prognosis. Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry assay of bone marrow can help in detecting this leukemia subtype and evaluating its prognosis.
Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo induce primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells into dendritic cells (DCs).

METHODSBone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from 13 CML patients and peripheral blood MNCs from 5 healthy donors. The isolated MNCs were co-cultured with rhGM-CSF 1,000 U/ml, rhIL- 4,500 U/ml and TNF-alpha 50 U/ml for 10 days. The morphological features were observed by Wright's staining,inverted microscope and electron microscope. CD(80), CD(86), CD(83), CD(1a) and HLA-DR expression were assayed by flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis was performed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization(FISH). The concentration of IL-12 was measured by ELISA and the function of antigen presenting was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).

RESULTAfter being cultured with cytokines, the typical dendritic appearance with delicate membrane projections was observed. The CD(80), CD(86), CD(83), CD(1a) and HLA-DR markers and capacity of stimulating allogeneic T cells were upregulated significantly. FISH confirmed that the DCs were generated from leukemic origin and CML DCs could secrete higher level of IL-12 than CML MNCs. There were no differences in morphology and immunophenotype expression between DCs derived from CML and those from normal individuals. However, DCs from CML patients displayed weaker activity than that of normal individuals when tested in MLR.

CONCLUSIONCML cells could be induced into leukemia-DCs by co-culture with cytokines.

Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; immunology ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Many diseases cause bone marrow necrosis (BMN), especially lymphocytic leukemia. To explore the complexity of the pathogenesis and pathology of BMN and understand the multiplicity of clinical features, a case of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) expressing myeloid antigens was reported. The results indicated that the clinical features of this case were complicated and multiplex, the diagnosis was confirmed by using bone marrow smear and biopsy, immunophenotype analysis, conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the prognosis of patients improved by active treatment for primary disease. In conclusion, the Ph+ B ALL expressing myeloid antigen with BMN is very rare, its diagnosis should be confirmed by using multiple methods, and the active treatments should be performed.
Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; etiology ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; complications ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Necrosis ; etiology ; Philadelphia Chromosome