Distraction osteogenesis is a biologic process in which new bone is formed between bone fragments being separated by a tractional force. This technique has the advantage of initiating new bone growth without bone transplantation and promoting the growth of soft tissue. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis has shown to be effective to treat congenital or acquired mandibular hypoplasias. On the basis of positive results with implant-supported prostheses, the use of implants in the distracted site can significantly help stabilize the prosthesis. We obtained good result in the patient with mandibular deficiency due to trauma, who have been reconstructed with distraction osteogenesis and implant. We report our experiences with literature view.
Bone Development ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Traction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation and healing process in rat calvarial bone defects using BioMesh(R) membrane and DFDB. Forty eight rats divided equally into 4 groups of 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. Standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects (8 mm in diameter) were made midparietally. In the control group, the defect was only covered with the soft tissue flap. In the experimental group 1, it was filled with DFDB only, in the experimental group 2, it was covered BioMesh(R) membrane only, and in the experimental group 3, it was filled DFDB and covered with membrane. At the postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed and histologic and histomorphometric analysis were performed. These results were as follows. In histomorphometric analysis, It showed the greatest amount of new bone formation through experimental in the experimental group 3 (P < 0.001). The amount of new bone formation at the central portion of the defect was greater in the experimental group 3 than experimental group 2. BioMesh(R) membrane began to resorb at 1 week and resorbed almost completely at 8 weeks after operation. The collapse of membrane into the defect was observed through the experimental periods in the experimental group 2. In the area of collapsed membrane, new bone formation was restricted. These results suggest that maintenance of some space for new bone to grow is required in the use of BioMesh(R) membrane alone in the defect. It is also thought that use of the membrane may promote new bone growth in DFDB graft.
Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone Regeneration* ; Membranes* ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Skull ; Transplants

osteogenesis in the mandibular bone defects. Eight adult male white rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0kg were used. Four bone defects (8mm in diameter and 4mm in depth) were made at the both mandibular body. In the control group, the right mesial bone defect was filled with blood clot and spontaneously healed. In the DFDB group, the right distal bone defect was filled with xenogenic demineralized freeze-dried bone. In the HTR group, the left mesial bone defect was filled with HTR. In the HTR-membrane group, the left distal bone defect was filled with HTR and covered with BioMesh membrane. The rabbits were sacrified at 2, 4, 6 and 9 weeks after the operation and microscopic examination was performed. Results obtained were as follows: In the control and DFDB groups, inflammatory cells and the fibrous connective tissue existed and the bone growth was slower than HTR group by 6 week, and there was intervention of the soft tissue at 9 week. In the HTR group, bone trabeculi extended between the HTR particles without intervention of inflammatory cells and the connective tissue at 4 and 6 weeks. In addition, extensive osseous ingrowth into the HTR particles was observed at 9 week. Bone formation was more active in the HTR group than the control and DFDB groups. There was not obvious difference in the bone healing rate between the HTR and the HTR-membrane group. These results suggest that the HTR promotes osteogenesis in the bone defects and the HTR group has no difference in comparison with the HTR-BioMesh membrane group in bone healing.]]>
Adult ; Bone Development ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Bone Development*

No abstract available.
Bone Development*

PURPOSE: Growth hormone(GH) plays a major role in postnatal longitudinal bone growth. Exogenous growth hormone leads to stimulation of bone resorption as well as formation. The aim of this study is to observe the changes in the indices of bone metabolism and the correlation between growth velocity and changes in the levels of bone markers with GH treatment in children with GH deficiency(GHD). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 12 patients before and 6 and 12 months after GH therapy. We measured bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(B-ALP), osteocalcin, and carboxy- terminal propeptide of type I collagen(PICP) as markers for bone formation, and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen(ICTP) as a marker for bone resorption. RESULTS: All patients showed significant increases in both height velocity(P<0.001), and height SD score(P<0.001) with GH therapy. The concentration of B-ALP increased after 12 mos of GH therapy(P<0.05). The maximal osteocalcin levels reached at 6 months of therapy(P<0.05), and decreased to near baseline level afterward. The concentration of PICP and ICTP significantly increased after 12 months of GH therapy(P<0.05). The percent of increase in serum B-ALP level during the first 6 months of GH treatment significantly correlated with increase in height SD score during the first year of GH therapy(P<0.005). CONCLUSION: GH treatment in children with GHD leads to activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts as evidenced by increased biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation. The changes in the serum level of B-ALP during the first 6 months of therapy appears to be a useful marker for predicting growth responses during the first year of GH therapy.
Biomarkers ; Bone Development ; Bone Resorption ; Child* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis

PURPOSE: The carrier for the delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) should also serve as a scaffold for new bone growth. In addition, predictable bone formation in terms of the volume and shape should be guaranteed. This study evaluated the ectopic bone formation of recombinant human BMP-2(rhBMP-2) using a micro macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP: mixture of betaTCP and HA) block as a carrier in a rat subcutaneous assay model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subcutaneous pockets were created on the back of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the pockets, rhBMP-2/MBCP and MBCP alone were implanted. The blocks were evaluated by histological and histometric parameters after a healing interval of 2 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP) or 8 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP). RESULTS: The shape and volume of the block was maintained stable over the healing period. No histological bone forming activity was observed in the MBCP alone sites after 2 weeks and there was minimal new bone formation at 8 weeks. In the rhBMP-2/MBCP sites, new bone formation was evident in the macropores of the block. The new bone area at 8 weeks was greater than at 2 weeks. There was a further increase in the quantity of new bone with the more advanced stage of remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: A MBCP block could serve as a carrier system for predictable bone tissue engineering using rhBMPs.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Development ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Osteoporosis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by fragility of bone, deafness, blue sclerae; and laxity of joints. Four types of OI are distinguished by clinical findings. Although mutations affecting collagen I are responsible for the disease in the most patients, the mechanism by which the genetic defects cause abnormal bone development has not been well established. Therefore we evaluated static and dynamic bone histomorphometry of type I OI in the case study of a 15 year old boy with OI who had blue sclerae, a history of frequent fracture and a familial history of blue sclerae. Biopsy of the ilium showed loss of connection between the cortical bone and trabecular bones. The Harversian system in the cortical bone was poorly developed. In the trabecular bones, the lamellar pattern was poorly developed. Mineral apposition rate of the cortical bone was 1.0 m/day and of the trabecular bone was 0.79 m/day. Thus OI might be regard as a disease whereby abnormal collagen synthesis interferes with bone strength by multiple mechanisms.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Bone Development ; Collagen ; Deafness ; Humans ; Ilium ; Joints ; Male ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteoporosis ; Sclera

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the osseous responses to implanted particles of porous synthetic HA(Interpore 200(R), Interpore International, U.S.A.), resorbable natural bovine derived HA(Bio-oss(R), Gestlich Pharma, Switzerland) and calcium carbonate(Biocoral 450(R), Inoteb, France) in bone defects. Four calvarial defects of 2.5mm diameter were created in each of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental materials were subsequently implanted in three defects, leaving the fourth defect for control purpose. Four animals were each sacrificed at 3 days, 1week, 2weeks and 4 weeks after surgery. The tissue response was evaluated under light microscope. Overall, histologic responses showed that all the particles were well tolerated and caused no aberrent tissue responses. There were difference in the amount of newly formed bone at the experimental sites and control site. There was more new bone formation associated with calcium carbonate site. In addition, the calcium carbonate site displayed multinucleated giant cells surrounding calcium carbonate particles after the 1st week, and osteoid tissue within the particle after the 2nd week. After 4 weeks, calcium carbonate particles were resorbed and replaced with new bone. The healing of the natural bovine derived HA site was similar to that of porous synthetic HA, except that new bone growth between the two particles have progressed more in the former site after the 2nd week. In the natural bovine derived HA site, the particle was surrounded by newly formed bone after the 4th week. After 4 weeks, the control site showed more mature bone than other sites. In conclusion, the grafted sites were better in new bone formation than non-grafted sites. In particular the calcium carbonate site showed the ability of osteoinduction and natural bovine derived HA showed osteoconduction in rat calvarial defects. This suggest that calcium carbonate and natural bovine derived HA could enhance the regenerative potential in periodontal defects.
Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes* ; Calcium ; Calcium Carbonate ; Giant Cells ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplants

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a relatively rare hereditary disease, which is characterized by multiple bone fractures and spine scoliosis, due to the fragility of bone, and is often associated with blue sclerae, deafness and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Four types of OI can be distinguished, according to the clinical findings. Although mutations affecting type I collagen are responsible for the disease in most patients, the mechanism by which the genetic defects cause abnormal bone development remains to be fully understood. Here, the clinical characteristics of 10 OI patient cases are reported, with a review of the literature. All the cases, including 4 type I, 4 type III and 2 type IV, inherited OI as an autosomal dominant trait. All the subjects had multiple old fractures and decreased bone densities. In this study, the biochemical marker of bone formation, serum alkaline phosphatase, was found to be increased only in the pediatric OI patients, while the biochemical marker of bone resorption, urinary deoxypyridinoline, was increased in all cases. The mobility score was found to correlate with the severity of the type on diagnosis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Bone Development ; Bone Resorption ; Collagen Type I ; Deafness ; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ; Diagnosis ; Fractures, Bone ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Sclera ; Scoliosis ; Spine