Measurement of bone mineral density(BMD) of the spine may be affected by the presence of various factors such as osteophytes, osteosclerosis and spinal deformity, particularly in elderly persons. Therefore the accurate evaluation for osteoporosis is difficult in osteoarthritic spine and until now no technique can evaluate true mineral density of the osteoarthritic spine. So we performed this study to evaluate the effect of osteoarthritic changes of the spine on the BMD and various BMD values such as young-adult% and age-matched%. Additionally we evaluated the diagnostic value of the Singhs index in the advanced osteoporotic spine. We reviewed 50 patients with advanced osteoporosis of the spine retrospectively and they were divided into two groups; one consisted of 22 patients with osteoporosis alone and the other consisted of 28 patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change on the spine. The measured mean BMD value in AP plane and that expressed in relation to reference data for young adults(young-adult%) of the patients with arthritic and osteoporotic spine were significantly higher than those of the patients with osteoporosis alone. On the other hand, values expressed in relation to the age and sex matched mean reference data(age-matched%) were not significantly higher in group of patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change, and Singh s index was not diagnostic for the osteoporosis of the spine. But young-adult% were significantly lower than agematched% even in the osteoarthritic group. We concluded that young-adult% is mare useful value for diagnosis of the advanced osteoporosis in the osteoarthritic spine.
Aged ; Bone Density* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteophyte ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosclerosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine*

BACKGROUND: A stenosis of left main coronary artery has critical prognostic importance. Recent reports on successful left main stenting are now challenging traditional treatment patterns for this lesion. We evaluated recent four-year trends in incidence, clinical, angiographic findings and treatment modalities in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis(LMS). METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed as a significant LMS at Yonsei cardiovascular hospital between 1996 and 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of LMS during the period of 1996 to 1999 was 3.3%(n=24) and it was significantly higher than that of previous 15 years before 1996(p<0.01). The incidence of isolated ostial lesion was 0.28% and this lesion was more prevalent in young female patients with less risk factors compared with other types of LMS(p<0.01). After exclusion of the patients with an isolated ostial lesion, patients were grouped according to the lesion site: ostium, shaft, and shaft lesion extended to distal vessels. There were no differences in clinical and hemodynamic findings among these groups. Coronary artery bypass graft was performed in 141 patients(63%) and stent implantation in 16 patients(14%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of LMS has been increased. There was no difference in clinical and hemodynamic findings according to the types of LMS. Surgery is still a standard treatment, but in selected patients percutaneous coronary intervention can be another treatment option.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Stenosis* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Transplants

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

To obtain adequate information of illumination and lens types for visual acuity test of low vision patient, the relation between various illumination and vision was evaluated. Visual acuity for near and effective lens types were examined. Among the 28 patients (of 36 eyes), intensities of illumination were set at 200, 500, 1000 and 2000lux and the lenses of biconvex, aspheric and aplanatic were tested. The best visible range of illumination for the low vision patients was 500-1000lux, with lower power diopter for the same visual acuity and with aspherin and aplantic lenses. Results attained by our study may be applied for appropriate condition of illumiation and type of lens in the low vision care.
Humans ; Lighting* ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity*

In order to evaluate the effects of incision location and suture method on induced astigmatism in cataract surgery, three different procedures were applied to 150 eyes which had phacoemulsification through 6 mm incision with 6 mm optic IOLs. The group 1(50 eyes) had posterior limbal incision followed by interrupted radial sutures. The group 2(50 eyes) had posterior limbal incision followed by continuous shoelace sutures. The group 3(50 eys) had scleral pocket incision at 2 - 2.5 mm apart from the surgical limbus followed by sutureless technique. The corneal astigmatism was ana lysed by algebraic and vector methods. Keratometric astigmatic changes with vector analysis on postoperative 1 day were 2.34 diopter(D), 1.41D, 0.74D in the group 1, group 2, gruop 3 respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(p<0.01). At postoperative 1 week. the keratometric astigmatic change of the group 3 was less than that of the group 1(p<0.01) and the visual acuity of the group 3 was better than that of the group 1(p<0.05). During postoperative 1 to 6 months, there was no statistically significant differences among the three groups in astigmatic changes or visual acuity. It could be concluded that scleral pocket incision with suture less technique showed significantly less astigmatism than other techniques initially, and continuous shoelace suture technique could have more stable and less astigmatism than interrupted radial suture technique.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract ; Phacoemulsification* ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures* ; Visual Acuity

Two hundred sixty two patients of the essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm were treated with Botulinum toxin A (Oculinum(R)). A total of 620 treatments was given injections over a 3-year period. A reduction in spasm intensity was noted in most patients, and the mean response time of the essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm were 144.2 days and 172.3 days, respectively, There was no clear relationship between age, sex, toxin dose or preinjected spasm intensity, the amount of spasm reduction, and the mean response time. The mean respone time had no difference from the first through the fourth treatments; but in hemifacial spasm, the mean response time of the second treatment was longer than that of first, third and fourth treatments. The lagophthalmos and superficial punctate keratitis were the most frequent complications. As a result of the injection to avoid the center of the upper and lower eyelids, the frequency of complications could be minimized. There was no clear difference in the beneficial effect and the mcidence of complication (lagophthalmos) between toxin stored in the vaccum and in the non-vaccum state. Patients who were treated with lidocaine mixed toxin had a less effective result than those with saline-mixed toxin.
Blepharospasm* ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Eyelids ; Hemifacial Spasm* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Lidocaine ; Reaction Time ; Spasm

OBJECT: It is to evaluate the priority area for effective eye care service to the aged population of rural comniunity at present and in future. METHOD: Number of aged group surveyed on 60 and over 60 years age that, counted 531 among the total 580 patients. Visual acuity was tested and refractive error was measured by Retinornax (Nikon, Japan) . Ocular examination was performed to determine the causes of visual impairment. This survey was conducted under the auspices of the Korean Foundation for Prevention of Blindness with assistance of the Seoul National University Postgraduate School of Public Health from 1994 to 1996 at the Public Health Center of Chun-Cheon, Kang-Won Do(Province). RESULTS: Age distribution showed the sixties (60-69) 49,3%, the seventies (70-79) 33.9%, and the eighties (80) 16.8%. Proportion of visual acuity of 0.7 or upper in the better eyes constituted 32.2% and of 0.2 or worse 19.4%. Causes of visual impairnnente consisted of refractive errors 35. 9%, cataract 35. 9%, macular degeneration 7, 4%, and corneal opacity 3.9% in order. Contributed modes of care were spectacles 27.9%, surgeries 23.9% (cataract, operation, pterygium removal etc.), and medical treatment 23.9%. DISCUSSION: Surgery of the aged population in rural comrnunity of Chun-Cheon revealed the most. prevalent. causes of visual impairment as the refractive errors and cataract. It is suggested that. the most effective eye care would be provided systemically based 0 the result of the epidemiological study on the various ocular disorders.
Age Distribution ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Corneal Opacity ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Eyeglasses ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Pterygium ; Public Health ; Refractive Errors ; Seoul ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report the results of preschool vision screening in South Korea in 2003. METHODS: Nation wide, population-based vision screening tests were conducted in preschool children over the age of 3 years from March to September 2003. The first step involved home-screening using picture cards. The children who did not pass the first test were sent to public health care centers, where their visual acuity was re-tested. After the re-tests, some children were referred to ophthalmologists. The referral criteria for visual acuity were: age 3, less than 0.5 visual acuity; age 4 or older, less than 0.63 visual acuity in at least one eye. RESULTS: Among 56,836 subjects who had been enrolled, 2,637 (4.6%) children were referred to ophthalmologists. Refractive error was found in 1,746 (66.2%) children. Amblyopia was discovered in 480 (18.2%) children. Anterior segment abnormalities were detected in 269 (10.2%) children, manifest strabismus was detected in 169 (6.4%) children, and fundus abnormalities were found in 17 (0.6%) children. Myopic astigmatism (31.0%) was the most common type of refractive error. Refractive error (87.9%) was the most common cause of amblyopia and exodeviation (63.9%) was the most common type of strabismus. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the 2003 Preschool Vision Screening, we collected data about the ophthalmic abnormalities that can affect visual development in children. This information will foster improvement in the overall quality and design of preschool vision screening systems.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Korea* ; Public Health ; Referral and Consultation ; Refractive Errors ; Strabismus ; Vision Screening* ; Visual Acuity