The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) was observed in 194 infants admitted in our nursery room, who had birthweighs less than 2000 gm, or who had gestational ages less than 37 weeks and received supplemental oxygen therapy. To minimize the multiple correlation of birthweights and gestational ages with other possible risk factors of ROP, we selected a control group of normal infants whose birthweights or gestational ages were similar to ROP group, and then other risk factors were analyzed statisticully through a case-control study. Among 194 infants, 41 infants(21%) were diagnosed as ROP. The incidence of ROP was 48%(24/50) in infants with birthweights less than 1500 gm , 41%(28/68) in infants with gestational ages less than 32 weeks(p<0.001). In the case-control study, there were statistically significant differences in the duration of oxygen therapy and the maximal oxygen concentration betweenROP and control group, and long duration(>or=5 days) ahd high concentration(>or=40%) were highly associated with ROP(p<0.01). Other statistically significant risk factors included mechanical ventilation duration, 5 minutes Apgar score, apnea of prematurity, blood transfusion, anemia, asphyxia neonatorum, respiratory distress syndrome, xanthine administration, and parity, cesarean section, pregnancy induced hypertension in mother's factors(p<0.05).
Anemia ; Apgar Score ; Apnea ; Asphyxia Neonatorum ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Incidence* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nurseries ; Oxygen ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors* ; Xanthine

No abstract available.
Chromosome Deletion*

To predict the mydriatic status of the cataract patients preoperatively, we performed maximal mydriasis test with stepwise instillations of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine or 10% phenylephrine to the out-patients who was scheduled to have cataract operation. Among 210 eyes of 113 patients, the pupillary size of 167 eyes was dilated to 8mm or more and the other 43 eyes were insufficiently dilated to less than 8mm diameter. In the insufficiently dilated group, we have observed the presumable causes of insufficient mydriasis as follows: posterior synechiae, diabetic autonomic pupillopathy, age-related miosis and unknown. By this test, we could predict the mydriatic status of the cataract patient preoperatively and could prepare the appropriate operative method and equipment effectively.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Miosis ; Mydriasis* ; Outpatients ; Phenylephrine ; Tropicamide

Actinomycosis infection can involve most part of the human body including mouth, cervicoface, chest, abdomen and pelvis. Cardiac involvement occurs in less than 2 percent of the infection of actinomyces israelii and pericardial involvement is rare. 34 year male was admitted because of chest pain and general weakness for several months. Echocardiography revealed akinesia of apex suggesting myocardial infarction and large pericardial effusion. Under the impression of pericardial effusion from tuberculosis infection, the patient was started on anti-tuberculosis medicine. Pericardial window operation with pericardial biopsy was performed 7 days later when the patient failed to show a significant improvement. Pericardial biopsy confirmed actinomycosis infection. During admission, the patient had a cerebral infarction with left hemiparesis. The patient was treated with high dose penicillin and improved symptomatically. Echocardiography showed resolution of pericardial effusion.
Abdomen ; Actinomyces ; Actinomycosis* ; Biopsy ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Chest Pain ; Echocardiography ; Human Body ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Paresis ; Pelvis ; Penicillins ; Pericardial Effusion ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis*

We experienced a case of G deletion syndrome II in a 8 year and 1 month old boy. He showed mental retardation, microcephaly, high arched palate, low set malformed ears, epicanthal fold, thoracic deformity, tracheomegaly and two lumens of esophagus. Chromosomal study showed the deletion of long arm of chromosome 22, kariotypically he was depicted as 46, XY, 22q-. A brief review of literature was also presented.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Microcephaly ; Palate

This survey comparing the primary causes of eye disease and visual impairment between rural and urban areas was conducted from the beginning of February through May of 1989. The outcome of that research on 686 residents (1372 eyes) of Buan-Kun, Chunbuk, and 997 residents (1994 eyes) of Dobong-Ku, Seoul, is as follows: 1. Of the basic ocular affections, pterygium was the most prevalent in Baun-Kun with 178 eyes (13.0%), while allergic and chronic conjunctivitis were in the majority in Dobong-Ku with 170 eyes (8.5%). 2. In causes of visual impairment, refractive error showed to be the main one in both Buan-Kun with 135 eyes (9.8%) and Dobong-Ku with 132 eyes (6.6%). 3. In rate of blindness, Buan-Kun had 7.0% monocular blindness and 3.2% of binocular blindness, while 4.1% of monocular blindness and 1.7% of binocular blindness were found in Dobong-Ku. 4. In causes of blindness, cataract (51.1%) was followed by macular degeneration (17.4%), corneal opacity (13.0%), and vascular retinopathy (9.8%) in Buan-Kun, while cataract (56.0%), macular degeneration (6.7%), corneal opacity (6.7%), and phthisis (6.7%) were recorded in that order in Dobong-Ku.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blindness/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eye Diseases/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Random Allocation ; Vision Disorders/*epidemiology

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the mental health, in order to determine the effect of the subject's spiritual well-being on anxiety depression and quality of life in active old people, and to verify whether or not spiritual well-being is a new factor for comprehensive health in old people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study selected 184 old people aged over 65 years. The subject's spiritual well-being was assessed by the Korean Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS) that was composed of the Religious Well-being Scale (RWS) and Existential Well-being Scale (EWS). The quality of life was assessed using Quality of Life Scale, which was composed of the subjective feeling about life and the subject's satisfaction of their whole life. RESULTS: Among the psychosocial factors, the educational level and physical health, showed significant discriminative score in the SWS. A prior medical history was associated with a significantly low SWS score. Satisfaction with life was associated with a significantly high SWS score. These factors a showed significant discriminative EWS score rather than a RWS. Among the religion factors, the satisfaction with their religion showed significant difference in the SWS. The SWS score especially the EWS affected the anxiety and depression of the Korean Combined Anxiety and Depression Scale (CADS). The subjective feeling of life score was associated with a significantly EWS low score and the subject's satisfaction with their whole life score was associated with a significantly high EWS score. CONCLUSION: Spiritual well being has significantly effects on anxiety depression and the quality of life in active old age people, and the subject; s spiritual well-being might be a new factor for assessing health in old age.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Mental Health ; Psychology ; Quality of Life*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The polysomnography is essential for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) and provides important objective information. But, in fact, there are some difficulties for comprehensive interpretation of multiple indices from the polysomnogram. This study was designed to find out which polysomnogram indices were significant to respiratory distress indices (RDI) and apnea index (AI) on statistical correlation and which other indices should be considered together for proper management plan apart from RDI and AI (respiratory index). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We evaluated 40 patients whose RDI were over 5 as the result of overnight polysomnography before any management from February 2003 to September 2003 at Eulji medical center. By multiple linear regression analysis, we studied the relationship of RDI and AI as dependent variables to ST, O2 desaturation events (O2DE), lowest O2 saturation (LoO2), slow wave sleep portion (S3&S4), arousal index (ArI), body-mass index (BMI) and age. We also studied the relationship of ST as an dependent variable to O2DE, LoO2, S3&S4, ArI, BMI, and age. RESULTS: 1) There were significant correlations between RDI and O2DE, ArI as was true between AI and O2DE, ArI (p<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the degree of the correlation between RDI and AI. 2) Other variables such as ST, LoO2, S3&S4, BMI and age were not significant. 3) ST had no significant correlation with respiratory index and any other variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Because the respiratory index may not the entire physical status during sleep for OSAH patients, multiple indices (such as LoO2, BMI, ST, S3&S4, age) should be considered together apart from the respiratory index for proper management plan.
Apnea ; Arousal ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Polysomnography* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common problem in the otolaryngology clinic and adenotonsillar hypertrophy is thought to be one of the most common etiologic factors. SDB possibly exhibits problems of behavioral regulation, such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adenotonsillectomy on inattention and hyperactivity in children. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We selected 54 pediatric patients with sleep disordered breathing. Adenotonsillectomy was performed for all patients. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the degree of SDB were evaluated preoperatively. The degree of inattention and hyperactivity was evaluated by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale-IV (ADHD RS-IV) before and after surgery. RESULTS: ADHD RS-IV score showed significant improvement after the operation in most children with SDB. But the improvement of ADHD RS-IV was not associated with the degree of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, much improvement in postoperative ADHD RS-IV was observed with children having higher preoperative ADHD RS-IV and/or SDB scale. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillectomy seems to improve inattention and hyperactivity in most children with SDB. Improvement is more apparent in children with severe sleep disturbance and severe attention deficit and hyperactivity.
Adenoidectomy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Impulsive Behavior ; Otolaryngology ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Tonsillectomy

PURPOSE: Abnormal expression of E-cadherin has been shown to play a role in the progression and the metastasis of tumors. We investigated the correlation between the expressions of E-cadherin and the clinicopathologic factors and survival in pT2 gastric adenocarcinomas. METHODS: We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues from 100 surgically resected gastric adeno-carcinomas with pT2 lesion. Tissue preparations were stained with Zymed's monoclonal mouse anti-E-cadherin (clone: 4A2C7). We analyzed the correlation between the expressions of E-cadherin and clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: Normal gastric mucosa was immunoreactive with anti-E-cadherin antibody. Among the 100 tumors examined, 73 tumors showed expression of E-cadherin. The gender, age, size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, stage (UICC), lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion were not related with E-cadherin expression but Lauren classification and histologic type were strongly correlated with E-cadherin expression (P=0.000, P=0.006). Though patients with dec-rea-sed expression of E-cadherin showed a poorer median survival than normal expression (43.85+/-23.95 months vs. 61.27+/-33.47 months), expression of E-cadherin was not related with survival rate (P=0.668). CONCLUSION: In patients with gastric cancer, expressions of E-cadherin correlated with histologic type and Lauren classi-fication but not with survival.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Cadherins* ; Classification ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate