1.Primary Cilium by Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Regulates the Regenerative Migration of Beas-2B Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Bomi GWEON ; Tae-Kyu JANG ; Pham Xuan THUY ; Eun-Yi MOON
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2022;30(2):170-178
The airway epithelium is equipped with the ability to resist respiratory disease development and airway damage, including the migration of airway epithelial cells and the activation of TLR3, which recognizes double-stranded (ds) RNA. Primary cilia on airway epithelial cells are involved in the cell cycle and cell differentiation and repair. In this study, we used Beas-2B human bronchial epithelial cells to investigate the effects of the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] on airway cell migration and primary cilia (PC) formation. PC formation increased in cells incubated under serum deprivation. Migration was faster in Beas-2B cells pretreated with Poly(I:C) than in control cells, as judged by a wound healing assay, single-cell path tracking, and a Transwell migration assay. No changes in cell migration were observed when the cells were incubated in conditioned medium from Poly(I:C)-treated cells. PC formation was enhanced by Poly(I:C) treatment, but was reduced when the cells were exposed to the ciliogenesis inhibitor ciliobrevin A (CilioA). The inhibition of Beas-2B cell migration by CilioA was also assessed and a slight decrease in ciliogenesis was detected in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP)-treated Beas-2B cells overexpressing ACE2 compared to control cells. Cell migration was decreased by SP but restored by Poly(I:C) treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that impaired migration by SP-treated cells can be attenuated by Poly(I:C) treatment, thus increasing airway cell migration through the regulation of ciliogenesis.
2.Symptomatic Conceptualization of Disorganized Speech in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Jung Min YU ; Bomi KIM ; Kyung Min LEE ; Eun Young JANG ; Hyun Jin JUNG ; Kang Uk LEE ; Joonho CHOI ; Seon Cheol PARK
Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research 2015;18(2):51-58
OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to present the distinctive correlates of disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia, using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC scale). METHODS: We compared the formal thought and other clinical characteristics between schizophrenia inpatients with (n=82) and without (n=80) disorganized speech. Psychometric scales including the TLC scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Calgery Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Word Fluency Test (WFT) were used. The presence or absence of disorganized speech was established using transformed dummy variable of score on the Clinician-Rated Dimension of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS). RESULTS: After adjusting the effects of age, sex and total scores on the BPRS, YMRS and WFT, the subjects with disorganized speech presented significantly higher score on the poverty of contents of speech (p=0.001), distractible speech (p<0.0001), tangentiality (p<0.0001), derailment (p<0.0001), incoherence (p<0.0001), ilogicality (p<0.0001), word approximations (p=0.003), loss of goal (p<0.0001), blocking (p=0.006) and self-reference (p=0.002) items than those without disorganized speech. With defining the mentioned item scores as covariates, binary logistic regression model predicted that derailment (p=0.0001) and poverty of contents of speech (p<0.0001) were significant independent-correlates of disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that derailment and poverty of contents of speech are significant correlates of disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings might be used to evaluate disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia efficiently.
Bipolar Disorder
;
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
;
Depression
;
Humans
;
Inpatients
;
Logistic Models
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Poverty
;
Psychometrics
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Psychotic Disorders
;
Schizophrenia*
;
Weights and Measures
3.Retinol-binding protein-4 was associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens in the elderly population
Byung-Keun KIM ; Woo-Jung SONG ; Bomi SEO ; Ju-Young KIM ; Sae-Hoon KIM ; Hak C. JANG ; Ki-Woong KIM ; Yoon-Seok CHANG
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2021;36(2):447-455
Background/Aims:
Recent evidence suggests an association between allergic sensitization and metabolic markers. However, this association has rarely been examined in the elderly. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) is a recently identified adipokine that acts on the muscle and liver affecting insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the association between metabolic parameters and allergic sensitization in the elderly.
Methods:
We analysed the database of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort study conducted during 2005 to 2006. Atopy was identified by inhalant allergen skin prick test. Metabolic conditions were assessed using anthropometric indices and serum biomarkers such as fasting glucose, lipid, adiponectin, and RBP-4.
Results:
Among the 854 elderly subjects, 17.2% had atopy. Plasma RBP-4 levels were significantly higher in the atopic elderly than nonatopic elderly (p = 0.003). When RBP-4 percentiles were categorized as under three groups, the prevalence of atopy and current rhinitis increased significantly with percentiles of RBP-4 levels (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). Log RBP-4 was associated with atopy (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; p = 0.009) and current rhinitis (OR, 2.73; p = 0.014), but not with current asthma (OR, 1.17; p = 0.824). Higher RBP-4 level in atopic elderly was also observed in current rhinitis patients. Atopy, but not current rhinitis, showed significant relationships with log RBP-4 levels in multivariate analyses adjusted for other metabolic markers including body mass index.
Conclusions
RBP-4 positively associated with atopy in the general elderly population irrespective of other metabolic markers.
4.The Effect of Formula-based Nutritional Treatment on Colitis in a Murine Model
Sooyoung JANG ; Younjuong KIM ; Changjun LEE ; Bomi KWON ; Jihye NOH ; Jai J. JEE ; Sang Sun YOON ; Hong KOH ; Sowon PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2021;36(50):e342-
Background:
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) induces remission in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). The exact mechanism of EEN therapy in CD is unknown, but alteration of the intestinal microflora after EEN is thought to affect mucosal healing. To determine the link between EEN therapy and therapeutic efficacy in CD, we established a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and applied EEN therapy.
Methods:
Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were administered DSS for 4 days to induce colitis, and either normal chow (NC) or EEN was administered for the following 4 days. The mice were grouped according to the feeding pattern after DSS administration: DSS/NC and DSS/ EEN groups. The clinical course was confirmed via daily observation of the weight and stool. Fecal samples were collected and 16sRNA sequencing was used. The mice were sacrificed to confirm colonic histopathology.
Results:
Weight reduction and increase in disease activity were observed as the day progressed for 4 days after DSS administration. There was significant weight recovery and improvement in disease activity in the EEN group compared to that in the NC group. Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria abundances tended to increase and Bacteroidetes abundance decreased in the EEN group. In the EEN group, significant changes in the β-diversity of the microbiota were observed. In the analysis of microbiome species, abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium cocleatum, mucin-degrading bacteria, Flintibacter butyricus, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii, which are beneficial microbiota, were significantly increased in the EEN group compared to those in the NC group. More abundant mucins were confirmed in the colonic histopathology of the EEN group. These microbial and histopathological differences suggested that EEN might improve colitis symptoms in a murine colitis model by promoting mucin recycling and subsequently inducing the healing effect of the gut barrier.
Conclusion
EEN showed clinical efficacy in a murine model of colitis. Based on the increase in mucin-degrading bacteria and the pathological increase in mucin production after EEN administration, it can be observed that mucin plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of EEN.
5.Dapsone-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome, misdiagnosed as lymphoma.
Bomi SHIN ; So Young PARK ; Sun Young YOON ; Eun Hye SHIN ; Young Joo YANG ; Hyung Jin CHO ; Il Young JANG ; Dong Uk KANG ; Tae Bum KIM ; You Sook CHO ; Hee Bom MOON ; Hyouk Soo KWON
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2013;1(4):400-404
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a life-threatening adverse drug reaction with systemic manifestations. Dapsone is known to be useful for treatment of leprosy and various dermatologic conditions. We report a patient with prurigo pigmentosa who developed DRESS syndrome after dapsone treatment. She presented with lymphadenopathy, fever, eosinophilia, skin rash, and elevated liver enzymes. Initial lymph node and skin biopsy was suggestive of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Initially, she was treated with chemotherapy. A week later after complete remission of skin symptoms, new skin lesions recurred. TCR-gene rearrangement was examined to show negative results and she was diagnosed as dapsone induced DRESS syndrome. This case emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis of lymphoma and DRESS syndrome.
Biopsy
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Dapsone
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Drug Hypersensitivity
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Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome*
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Drug Therapy
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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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Eosinophilia
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Exanthema
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Fever
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Humans
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Leprosy
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Liver
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Lymph Nodes
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Lymphatic Diseases
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Lymphoma
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Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
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Prurigo
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Pseudolymphoma
;
Skin
6.IL-10 Deficiency Aggravates Renal Inflammation, Fibrosis and Functional Failure in High-Fat Dieted Obese Mice
Dae Hwan KIM ; So Young CHUN ; EunHye LEE ; Bomi KIM ; BoHyun YOON ; Haejung GIL ; Man-Hoon HAN ; Yun-Sok HA ; Jun Nyung LEE ; Tae Gyun KWON ; Bum Soo KIM ; Byung Ik JANG
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2021;18(3):399-410
BACKGROUND:
High-fat diet-induced obesity is one of the major cause of chronic renal failure. This obesity-related renal failure is mainly caused by inflammatory processes. However, the role of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has not been researched intensively.
METHODS:
To evaluate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on obesity-related renal failure, the in vivo study was carried with four animal groups; (1) Low-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice, (2) Low-fat dieted IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, (3) High-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice and (4) High-fat dieted IL-10 KO mice group. The analysis was carried with blood/urine chemistry, H&E, Oil-Red-O, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods.
RESULTS:
At week 12, high-fat dieted IL-10 KO mice showed 1) severe lipid accumulation in kidneys, cholesterol elevation (in total, serum kidney) and low-density lipoprotein increasion through the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway; (2) serious histopathologic alterations showing glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and immune cell infiltration; (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression; (4) enhanced renal fibrosis; and (5) serious functional failure with high serum creatinine and BUN and proteinuria excretion compared to other groups.
CONCLUSION
IL-10 deficiency aggravates renal inflammation, fibrosis and functional failure in high-fat dieted obese mice, thus IL-10 therapy could be applied to obesity-related chronic renal failure.
7.IL-10 Deficiency Aggravates Renal Inflammation, Fibrosis and Functional Failure in High-Fat Dieted Obese Mice
Dae Hwan KIM ; So Young CHUN ; EunHye LEE ; Bomi KIM ; BoHyun YOON ; Haejung GIL ; Man-Hoon HAN ; Yun-Sok HA ; Jun Nyung LEE ; Tae Gyun KWON ; Bum Soo KIM ; Byung Ik JANG
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2021;18(3):399-410
BACKGROUND:
High-fat diet-induced obesity is one of the major cause of chronic renal failure. This obesity-related renal failure is mainly caused by inflammatory processes. However, the role of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has not been researched intensively.
METHODS:
To evaluate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on obesity-related renal failure, the in vivo study was carried with four animal groups; (1) Low-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice, (2) Low-fat dieted IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, (3) High-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice and (4) High-fat dieted IL-10 KO mice group. The analysis was carried with blood/urine chemistry, H&E, Oil-Red-O, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods.
RESULTS:
At week 12, high-fat dieted IL-10 KO mice showed 1) severe lipid accumulation in kidneys, cholesterol elevation (in total, serum kidney) and low-density lipoprotein increasion through the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway; (2) serious histopathologic alterations showing glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and immune cell infiltration; (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression; (4) enhanced renal fibrosis; and (5) serious functional failure with high serum creatinine and BUN and proteinuria excretion compared to other groups.
CONCLUSION
IL-10 deficiency aggravates renal inflammation, fibrosis and functional failure in high-fat dieted obese mice, thus IL-10 therapy could be applied to obesity-related chronic renal failure.
8.Differences in Associated Factors according to the Time of Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Mijung LEE ; Eunjeoung SEO ; Miok KIM ; Jeongok PARK ; Seonmi LEE ; Hyunkyung SHIN ; Ilsim YUN ; Mina CHO ; Youngcha CHO ; Bomi KANG ; Hyunmi SEO ; Misoon LEE ; Sira LEE ; Hyejoo JANG ; Hyunsuk JUNG ; Jeong-Ah AHN
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing 2021;14(3):26-36
Purpose:
: This study aimed to present the incidence of pressure ulcers and identify different associated factors according to the time of occurrence of pressure ulcers in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Methods:
: The participants were 313 patients who reported pressure ulcers among 2,908 patients in ICUs at a large tertiary hospital in Gyeonggi-do. Among them, 220 patients (70.3%) had a pressure ulcer before admission, and 93 patients (29.7%) reported newly developed pressure ulcers after admission to the ICU. Data were collected between August 2018 and April 2019. Along with the time of occurrence and characteristics of pressure ulcers, diverse associated factors were gathered through electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and χ2-tests.
Results:
: Different risk factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients according to the time of occurrence were main diagnosis, score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, score of Richmond agitation sedation scale, level of consciousness, administered sedatives, use of a ventilator, insertion of a feeding tube, and the duration of fasting period.
Conclusion
: Based on the results of this study, healthcare providers, especially ICU nurses, should try to detect early signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, taking into account the derived factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Practical intervention programs and strategies considering the factors associated with pressure ulcers must be developed to prevent and alleviate such ulcers in ICU patients in the future.
9.Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients 50 Years of Age or Younger During the Delta Wave: Comparison With Patients > 50 Years in Korea
Hye Jin SHI ; Eliel NHAM ; Bomi KIM ; Eun-Jeong JOO ; Hae Suk CHEONG ; Shin Hee HONG ; Miri HYUN ; Hyun ah KIM ; Sukbin JANG ; Ji-Young RHEE ; Jungok KIM ; Sungmin KIM ; Hyun Kyu CHO ; Yu Mi WI ; Shinhye CHEON ; Yeon-Sook KIM ; Seungjin LIM ; Hyeri SEOK ; Sook In JUNG ; Joong Sik EOM ; Kyong Ran PECK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2022;37(22):e175-
Background:
Numerous patients around the globe are dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While age is a known risk factor, risk analysis in the young generation is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and mortality risk factors in younger patients (≤ 50 years) with a critical case of COVID-19 in comparison with those among older patients (> 50 years) in Korea.
Methods:
We analyzed the data of adult patients only in critical condition (requiring high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or higher respiratory support) hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at 11 hospitals in Korea from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 when the delta variant was a dominant strain. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics.
Results:
During the study period, 448 patients were enrolled. One hundred and forty-two were aged 50 years or younger (the younger group), while 306 were above 50 years of age (the older group). The most common pre-existing conditions in the younger group were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and 69.7% of the patients had a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 .Of 142 younger patients, 31 of 142 patients (21.8%, 19 women) did not have these pre-existing conditions. The overall case fatality rate among severity cases was 21.0%, and it differed according to age: 5.6% (n = 8/142) in the younger group, 28.1% in the older group, and 38% in the ≥ 65 years group. Age (odds ratio [OR], 7.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.754–18.181), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR, 17.233; 95% CI, 8.439–35.192), highest creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (OR, 17.631; 95% CI, 8.321–37.357), and combined blood stream infection (OR, 7.092;95% CI, 1.061–18.181) were identified as independent predictors of mortality in total patients.Similar patterns were observed in age-specific analyses, but most results were statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis due to the low number of deaths in the younger group.The full vaccination rate was very low among study population (13.6%), and only three patients were fully vaccinated, with none of the patients who died having been fully vaccinated in the younger group. Seven of eight patients who died had a pre-existing condition or were obese (BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ), and the one remaining patient died from a secondary infection.
Conclusion
About 22% of the patients in the young critical group did not have an underlying disease or obesity, but the rate of obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) was high, with a fatality rate of 5.6%. The full vaccination rate was extremely low compared to the general population of the same age group, showing that non-vaccination has a grave impact on the progression of COVID-19 to a critical condition. The findings of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent critical progression of COVID-19, such as vaccinations and targeting young adults especially having risk factors.
10.Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
Si-Ho KIM ; Jin Yeong HONG ; Seongman BAE ; Hojin LEE ; Yu Mi WI ; Jae-Hoon KO ; Bomi KIM ; Eun-Jeong JOO ; Hyeri SEOK ; Hye Jin SHI ; Jeong Rae YOO ; Miri HYUN ; Hyun ah KIM ; Sukbin JANG ; Seok Jun MUN ; Jungok KIM ; Min-Chul KIM ; Dong-Sik JUNG ; Sung-Han KIM ; Kyong Ran PECK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2022;37(18):e134-
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by secondary infections, such as invasive aspergillosis. In this study, risk factors for developing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and their clinical outcomes were evaluated.
Methods:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included critically ill COVID-19 patients from July 2020 through March 2021. Critically ill patients were defined as patients requiring high-flow respiratory support or mechanical ventilation. CAPA was defined based on the 2020 European Confederation of Medical Mycology and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology consensus criteria. Factors associated with CAPA were analyzed, and their clinical outcomes were adjusted by a propensity score-matched model.
Results:
Among 187 eligible patients, 17 (9.1%) developed CAPA, which is equal to 33.10 per 10,000 patient-days. Sixteen patients received voriconazole-based antifungal treatment. In addition, 82.4% and 53.5% of patients with CAPA and without CAPA, respectively, received early high-dose corticosteroids (P = 0.022). In multivariable analysis, initial 10-day cumulative steroid dose > 60 mg of dexamethasone or dexamethasone equivalent dose) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–13.79) and chronic pulmonary disease (adjusted OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.26–14.02) were independently associated with CAPA. Tendencies of higher 90-day overall mortality (54.3% vs. 35.2%, P= 0.346) and lower respiratory support-free rate were observed in patients with CAPA (76.3% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.089).
Conclusion
Our study showed that the dose of corticosteroid use might be a risk factor for CAPA development and the possibility of CAPA contributing to adverse outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients.