No abstract available.
Bombs

Stapes fractures without other ossicle problems are rare and ossicle problems due to explosion pressure are also rare. We describe a very rare case of stapes anterior crural fracture resulting from a land mine explosion. As this case suggests, a close examination of the ossicles is necessary during an exploration tympanotomy.
Bombs ; Explosions* ; Fractures, Bone ; Stapes*

We conducted comparative study on metabolizable energy content of extracts of angelica keiskei and its byproduct. Total six different groups consisting of five test groups treated with angelica keiskei and one control group were compared. Each of the five test groups were given 30% of one of whole plant, extracts, fermented of extracts, byproduct and extracts plus byproduct, respectively, mixed with AIN93M. After 3 days of adjustment period, all groups were subjected to 4 days of test period during which the amounts of feed intake and excretion were measured everyday. All feces were treated for the prevention of decomposition and changes before its energy content were measured using a bomb calorimeter. The amount of excretion was 4.8 +/- 0.3 g/rat/3 days in control group and 9.9-15.0 g/rat/3 days in the groups were added with extracts of angelica keiskei indicating that the angelica keiskei-treated groups produce 2-3 times more excretion. Metabolic energy of control diet was 4,133.3 kcal. This was found to be 15 to 20% higher compared with the metabolic energy content ranging from 3,117.0 kcal/kg (extracts of angelica keiskei) to 3,259.8 kcal/kg (extracts plus byproducts) angelica keiskei-treated groups. This is interpreted as the result of the decreased metabolic energy in the test diets were substituted with 30% of ngelica keiskei-treated ingredient which has low metabolic content itself. One notable finding is that the metabolic content of the group mixed with byproducts and extracts (1,763.0 kcal/kg) is 27% higher than that of extracts of angelica keiskei (1,286.8 kcal/kg) indicating that mechanical grinding increases the rate of digestion and absorption increasing, in turn, the energy content used in the body. The results of analysis of overall caloric absorption showed absorption rate in order of Whole plant < extracts < byproduct < extract plus byproduct < fermented of extract.
Absorption ; Angelica ; Bombs ; Diet ; Digestion ; Feces ; Plants

The worst recorded man-made maritime disaster in the country and in Asia was the bombing of Super Ferry 14 last February 27, 2004. The pre-disaster and post disaster events surrounding the bombing incident were reviewed and summarized. The maritime disaster plan of the Philippine Coast Guard and the responding hospitals were reviewed and evaluation of the medical management of the casualties made. Investigation proved the incident to be due to explosive device brought in by a terrorist due to lapses in security. Prompt response of the disaster management team provided immediate rescue of survivors and provision of emergency management to the injured.

Bombs ; Cesium ; poisoning ; Humans ; Polonium ; poisoning ; Radiation Injuries ; Terrorism

A Korean Airliner, KAL 858 was exploded over Thailand on November 29, 1987. The suspect with the forged Japanese passport was dead by biting an ample of cyanide gas contained in the filter tip of a cigarette. Forensic odontological examinations including bite mark, dental age estimation and dental characteristics were performed. From these examinations, it could be assumed that (1) he had specific difference in dental treatment which suggested a North Korean by comparison of the fisherman arrested under the North Korea, (2) the filter of cigarette was positioned between the suspect's dentition, (3) he was approximately 70 years old by dental age estimation at time of death. This paper indicates that forensic odontological examination can support personal identification and the circumstances of death in international case where disguised identity plays a part.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bombs* ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Dentition ; Humans ; Thailand ; Tobacco Products

PURPOSE: To report a case of pupillary block and increased intraocular pressure caused by vitreous prolapse after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old male visited the hospital for decreasing visual acuity and ocular pain in the left eye. Two days earlier, he had undergone Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in the left eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.63 in the right eye and FC 60 cm in the left eye. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14 mm Hg in the right eye and 64 mm Hg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse corneal stromal edema and iris bombe with vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber. Gonioscopy confirmed a closed angle. Pupillary block and increased intraocular pressure were diagnosed. A Nd:YAG laser iridotomy was performed. Three days after the iridotomy, BCVA was 0.2 and IOP was 11 mm Hg in the treated eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed reduced vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of pupillary block and increased IOP caused by vitreous prolapse after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in Korea. Physicians should be aware that pupillary block could be caused by prolapsed vitreous after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and Nd:YAG laser iridotomy could be performed effectively in such cases.
Anterior Chamber ; Bombs ; Edema ; Eye ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Korea ; Male ; Prolapse ; Visual Acuity

A 34 year-old excavator driver was found dead at stone quarry in Cheongwon, North Chungcheong Province, with a severely burnt mobile phone in his shirt pocket and with his chest bruised and ribs fractured. An emergency physician examined him and said that high pressure from an explosion damaged his lungs and heart, leading to his death. So, a number of Korean and foreign newspapers reported that phone battery explosion killed the man. Autopsy showed that the deceased had fractures all over the chest and lacerations of the heart and the lungs. The damages seemed too extensive to be caused by a single mobile phone explosion. Lithium-ion polymer batteries used in mobile phones can catch fire by external forces but they hardly explode like a bomb. We recommended police to reinvestigate the scene and co-worker. So, police reinvestigated the accident scene and the co-worker. The co-worker told police that he hit the deceased while reversing his drill rig at a stone quarry. The incident reminds of us that our postmortem investigation system must be revised.
Autopsy ; Bombs ; Cellular Phone ; Emergencies ; Explosions ; Fires ; Heart ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Lung ; Mandrillus ; Periodicals ; Police ; Polymers ; Ribs ; Thorax

The sacral area is the most frequent site of pressure sore. Because bony prominence is broad and flat along with little soft tissue padding. Between many muscle flaps, the gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap is the most reliable one for surgery of sacral pressure sores. After complete resection of ulcer, the gluteus maximus muscle detached from its original site including posterior iliac crest. After adequate dissection proceeded and bony prominence removed, flap repair is done at the central line. When performing this flap, most surgeon use elliptical design and incision. In the past, we also used elliptical incision and sometimes experienced some drawbacks especially when wound extended close to anus. There are difficulties on repair of perianal skin, central tension of long vertical scar, perianal skin adhesion and natal cleft distortion and resulting asymmetry of gluteal contour and contamination of operation site by defication. After review of the photographs in the references dealing with pressure sores, we had an impression that there are skin adhesion near the anus in some cases and actually experienced such cases in other surgeon's operations. This time, we applicate new design called the "Bomb-shape" design when performing this flap to patients who have a broad wound extent close to anus or perianal skin. The "Bomb-shape" design is a concept of adding bilateral subcutaneous incisions to lower part of classic elliptical incision and we named as such because it resembles the military bomb in shape. We expect the effect of preserving the perianal skin and preventing the skin adhesion or natal cleft distortion and performed this procedure in 15 patients whose defect close to anus. Consequently, benefits of this method are spreading tension of vertical scar, decreased contamination in wound care, earn skin stability without perianal skin adhesion or natal cleft distortion, so maintain the symmetry of gluteal contour and get better cosmetic result. There is no significant increase in operation time in that no need of handling the "dog-ear", and all 15 patients have good results and are satisfied, so we introduce this flap design carefully with concurrent review of literature.
Anal Canal ; Bombs ; Cicatrix ; Concurrent Review ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

Deaths caused by grenades hardly occur except for during wartime, and can be seen as a particular incident that can be observed only within the military or by acts of terrorism. However, there has never been any data which tried to analyze the damage patterns through mock grenade explosions. So far, the processes leading to deaths were merely inferred by reconstructing the situation with limited intelligence after the incidents have already occurred. Therefore, the authors believe that having mock grenade explosions in order to compare and study the observances with those of the actual incident will be helpful for a more precise and objective medical jurisprudence, and thus have summarized the damage patterned obtained on 8 butchered pigs, that were 6~8 months old, about 100 cm in length and 70~100 kg in weight by photographing with radioactive rays and running autopsies after detonating grenades on them. In conclusion, if there was extensive loss of body parts, the grenade probably exploded when in contact with the lost body parts. If fractures were found the grenade is likely to have detonated contacting or within 25 cm of distance with the body, and if there were no lacerations or loss of body parts the grenade probably exploded at a distance of at least 50 cm. If soot was prevalent on the deceased's body, the grenade is likely to have exploded within a distance of 25 cm from the body at a free floating state, in which it was not in contact with the ground or the body. Lastly, if no soot was found, the grenade most probably detonated at a distance of 50 cm or more. The posture or the direction of the body cannot give precise clues of the victim's state before theexplosion, and a hasty presupposition could be very dangerous in case of contact explosions especially.
Autopsy ; Bombs ; Explosions ; Hand ; Homicide ; Human Body ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Jurisprudence ; Lacerations ; Military Personnel ; Posture ; Running ; Soot ; Suicide ; Swine ; Terrorism