The discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have made it possible to partly understand the mechanism of cancer development. It is generally accepted that the cancer development is caused by specific gene alterations and now more than 100 oncogenes and suppressor genes are known to be involved in human carcinogenesis. However, there are only a few reports about oncogene expression on bone tumors. The author carried out an immunohistochemical study to reveal the oncogene and suppressor genes on carcinogenesis of bone tumors using antibodies against c-myc, c-H-ras, p53 and EGF. In 32 cases of osteochondrorma, EGF, p53 and c-myc antisera revealed positive reaction in 4 (12.5%), 2 (6.3%) and 7 (21.9%) cases, and, in 4 cases of chondrosarcoma, c-myc antisera revealed positive reaction in 2 (50%) cases. In 21 cases of osteosarcoma, the positive reaction of p53 was noted in 10 (47.6%) cases and that of c-myc in 3 (14.3%) cases. In 14 cases of fibrous bone tumors, there are only 2 (14.3%) cases of positive reaction with p53. These results suggest some roles of the p53 and c-myc genes in osteosarcoma development and c-myc gene in osteochondroma and chondrosarcoma development.
Antibodies ; Carcinogenesis ; Chondrosarcoma ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Genes, myc ; Genes, Suppressor ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor* ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Oncogene Proteins ; Oncogenes* ; Osteochondroma ; Osteosarcoma

Natural Killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of in vivo activated lymphocytes that display spontaneous cytotoxicity against a variety of targets as virus-infeeted, and transformed neoplastic cells, in major histocompatibility-unrestricted fashion. Depression of the NK aetivity in patients with advanced stages of various types of solid neopls,sms appears to be dependent upon the prcgressive growth and metastatic spread of the tumor. There are many reports that different distribution of subpopulations of lymphocytes in neopiastic tissue may influence the prognosis of the patients, In this study, we have performed immunohistochemieal study with Leu-7, MT1, LN2, and antilysozyrne antiserum on the tissue of uterine cervieal dysplasia and cancer to investigate the distribution of the NK cell, T cell, B cell, and macrophage. The results were as follows ; 1. The major subpopulation of lymphocytes infiltrating the lesion of intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinama was T cell. 2. The number of infiltrated. lymphocytes was layer in the lesion of keratinzing type than in that of non keratinizing and small cell earcinorna of the uterine cervix. 3. NK cell was more frequently noted in the malignant lesion than the dysplastic lesion.
Cervix Uteri ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Prognosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Studying the prognostic factors of distant metastasis is quite important for predicting these patients' prognosis and also for providing standards for post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. Microbiological studies currently enable researchers to look for new predictors of distant metastasis in patients with colon cancers. In this study, the VEGF-C expression and stain rate of D2-40 were investigated as prognostic factors. METHODS: 79 Specimens were collected from the patients who underwent colorectal operation and they were pathologicaly diagnosed with cancer at Chung-Ang University hospital from March, 2003 to Sept. 2005. The specimens were immunohistochemically stained to detect the VEGF-c expression and the D2- 40 stain rate. RESULTS: The VEGF-C expression was related to lymph node metastasis, tumor embolism and the frequency of the T- stage, but it was not related to progression of cancer. The D2-40 stained lymphatic density was significantly increased in the cases with lymph node metastasis and in the tumor embolism cases; furthermore, the density became higher in relation to the increased T-stage and progression of cancer. CONCLUSION: The VEGF-C expression and lymphatic vessel density appear to be prognostic factors for colon cancer.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced chromosomal damage and apoptosis were compared in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral lymphocytes from 10 normal volunteers (6 males, 4 females, age range 23~41 years) were irradiated by gamma rays from a cell irradiator. Doses of irradiation were 0 (control), 0.18, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 25 Gy. Irradiated lymphocytes were examined by metaphase analysis for chromosomal aberrations and by flow cytometry for apoptosis. RESULTS of both studies were compared according to dose. RESULTS: Number of dicentric and ring chromosomes (D+R) was 0.5+/-0.53 at baseline, which was significantly increased after radiation according to the dose. The fraction of cells showing annexin V-fluore-scein isothiocyanate uptake was 0.55+/-0.39%, which increased to 3.58+/-1.85% by 2 Gy irradiation, and then decreased. The fraction of cells showing propidium iodide (PI) uptake was 0.52+/-0.12%, which significantly increased according to dose (upto 15.64+/-5.99% by 20 Gy irradiation). D+R and PI uptake were well correlated (r=0.84, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Radiation-induced chromosomal aberration was correlated to nuclear uptake of PI, a marker of late apoptosis.
Apoptosis* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gamma Rays ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Metaphase* ; Propidium ; Radiation Injuries ; Ring Chromosomes