Aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of weight loss intervention in overweight and obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).92 overweight and obese subjects (42 men and 50 women), aged 32-56 years, with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes were enrolled to the prospective cohort study. A 6-month counselingbased intervention was conducted between December 2011 and June 2012. Participants were Mongolian and received education sessions on healthy lifestyle guidelines including nutrition and physical activity in small groups. Before and after intervention, body weight (kg), body fat (%), waist and hip circumferences (cm), blood pressure (mm Hg), fasting blood glucose (mmol/l), HbA1C (%), total cholesterol (mmol/L) and triglyceride (mmol/L) were measured.80 out of 92 (86.9%) overweight and obese patients with T2D (BMI 31.57±4.2) completed weight loss intervention. Results of this study before and after the intervention showed mean body weight 84.41±13.08 vs 80.11±12.42, p<0.0001; BMI 31.57±4.2 vs 29.87±3.72, p<0.0001; waist circumference 104.18±10.51 vs 99.78±8.52, p<0.0001); hip circumference 107.04±8.66 vs 105.38±7.79, p<0.01; WHR 0.96±0.07 vs 0.94±0.05, p<0.0005; body fat 36.19±5.64 vs 34.26±6.57, p<0.0005; systolic blood pressure 133.03±22.5 vs 127.54±17.5, p<0.01; diastolic blood pressure 81.18±13.14 vs 77.61±11.03, p<0.05; fasting blood glucose 11.57±4.06 vs 7.99±2.64, p<0.0001; HbA1C 8.45±2.70 vs 5.95±1.70, p<0.0001; and total cholesterol 3.87±1.05 vs 3.15±0.96, p<0.0001 were improved significantly, except triglyceride 2.11±0.82 vs 1.73±1.8, p=0.0519. Thus results of the study showed an average weight loss of 4.3 kg and a significant decrease in BMI, percent body fat, and waist and hip circumferences, waist to hip ratio at 6 month. Significant reduction found in levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c and total cholesterol in blood after intervention, however no significant change found in blood level of triglyceride. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced significantly.Weight reduction of 5.1% of body weight in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes by the lifestyle intervention for 6 months resulted in significant reductions in total, abdominal and trunk adiposity and reduced blood pressure and improved glycemic control and dislipidemia.

Congenital heart disease is the most common group of congenital disorder with a reported prevalence that rates from 8/1000 live births. Also, CHD accounts for nearly one-third of all major congenital anomalies. In recent years, the country’s congenital heart disorders diagnosis has improved significantly, but has been of late diagnosis of cases.Once the diagnosis of congenital heart disorders later case, the resultant complications occurred because the majority is unable to similarly cardiac surgical treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of congenital heart defects, and thus treatment is necessary to solve the problem early.A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted from January 1st8 2012 and January 1st8 2013 there were 263 deliveries at the Urgoo maternal hospital and child health research center of Mongolia. We reviewed the medical records of all neonatal in 2012-2013 who were born in the Urgoo maternity hospital of Ulaanbaatar and NICU and NCU of National Center of Maternal and Child Health. A total of 263 infants with congenital heart disease.The number of neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal unit with Congenital heart defect was 99 (37.7%) in 2012 were as there 164 (62.3%) in 2013 increasing 1.4 times respectively. A total of 263 infants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 130 (55.1%) were males. The reasons for the higher incidence of congenital heart defect observed in infants remain unclear.The most frequently occurring conditions were patent ductus arteriosus /21.7%/, arterial septal defect with patent foramen ovale /41.2%/, other majority defect-31.9%, Dextracaria-5,2%. This raises question regarding the clinical significance of some of lesions, such as small VSDs, which are widely considered to be congenital heart defects. When all clinical presentations of heart disease were analyzed together, atrial septal defect (ASD), Ventricular septal defect (VSD), and Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) accounted for 62.9% of all defects identified. From diagnosed CHD with percent less than was critical congenital heart defect, which required urgent surgical treatment in neonate period.CHD is expected to increase in the coming years. Thus, when the fetus is affected by a malignant diagnosis.According to the survey findings to diagnose congenital heart defects in the first weeks of the prognosis and treatment options, and shows that it is important to prevent complications. Obstetric and regional diagnostic centers in rural pediatric cardiologist and ultrasound machines shows that it is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Goal: Thoracic surgery usually used for anesthesia double lumen endotracheal tubes, then ventilatedone lung.Methods: The clinical records of the 160 cases patients who had double-lumen endotracheal tubes toplace in National Cancer Center of Mongolia (this structure starts from the inferior part of the larynxin the neck, opposite the 6th cervical vertebra, to the intervertebral disc between Th4-5 vertebrae inthe thorax, where it divides at the carina into the right and left bronchi). Inpatients during one lunganesthesia done 2012- and 2014 were reviewed. All cases were performed high Level thoracic epiduralcatheterization and put double lumen tube for jugularinternal vena. Double-lumen endotracheal tubesare not meant for postoperative ventilation. In addition, because of their significantly larger size andstiffness, they have a higher propensity for trauma after insertion, which may result in postoperativehoarseness or vocal cord lesions.Results: We are reporting 2012- 2014 anesthesia department at National Cancer Center. In our studyinvolved all 160 open thoracic surgery cases with DLT. In study had anesthesia tidal volume7.77+1.07ml/kg, one lung volume 5.87+0.46 ml/kg, the women DLT size 33.43+7.25Fr, deep 27.68+2.47 cm, manDLT size 37.09+7.69cm, deep 28.43+2.6 cm. During anesthesia monitored averageSaO2-95%+1.07,in analyzed arterial blood average SpO2- 92.605 %+5.69 (p<0.032).Conclusion: One lung anesthesia separating two lungs by double lumen tube (DLT) – the advantagesof the method are allowing surgeons to operate safely in collapsed side of lung; there are a few reportsof airway damages. The bronchoscopy procedure is in need to use during the alloperations. Other typesof separation tube are required to be (especially in children) introduced.

Introduction: A brain abscess is a serious disease of the central nerve system. We conducted this study to summarize the clinical manifestations and outcomes of brain abscesses. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with brain abscesses from November 2000 to Jаn 2016 was performed at Shastin Medical Hospital neurosurgery department. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study. On average, 1.67 cases per year were identified and the median age was 4.3 years. The common presenting clinical manifestations were fever (18/25, 72%), seizure (12/25, 48%), altered mental status (11/25, 44%), and signs of increased intracranial pressure (9/25, 36%). A total of 14 (56%) patients had underlying illnesses, with congenital heart disease (8/25, 32%) as the most common cause. Predisposing factors were identified in 15 patients (60%). The common predisposing factors were otogenic infection (3/25, 12%) and penetrating head trauma (3/25, 12%). Causative organisms were identified in 64% of patients (16/25). The causative agents were S. intermedius (n=3), S. aureus (n=3), S. pneumoniae (n=1), Group B streptococcus (n=2), E. coli (n=1), P. aeruginosa (n=1), and suspected fungal infection (n=5). Seven patients received medical treatment only while the other 18 patients also required surgical intervention. The overall fatality rate was 16% and 20% of patients had neurologic sequelae. There was no statistical association between outcomes and the factors studied. Conclusion: Although uncommon, a brain abscess is a serious disease. A high level of suspicion is very important for early diagnosis and to prevent serious consequences.

A child’s career aspirations are based on a number of external factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, income, family influence and socioeconomic status. These factors are interrelated and given varying degrees of importance culturally, for example, in the UK, white British parents tend to have high aspirations for their daughters whereas, in Pakistani and Bangladeshi families, daughters are expected to marry, not excel in their education or career. High school students of secondary education in terms of gender, 34432 studentsenrolled in high school who are studying in 46.47% of men and women are 53.52% of the high school, there are changes in the gender disparity. This study is conducted due to Millennium Development Goal 3 is to eliminate gender disparity in education by 2015. This study was conducted among General Education School students of Ulaanbaatar city in 2015. Three hundred twenty four school students participated in this study. The cross sectional study was conducted with 294 high school students.Thirty high school students participated in focus group interview. This study was used qualitative and quantities design.Of the respondents, 47.6% were male and 52.4% female. 79.3% of high school students have chosen a career and 20.7% of high school students have not chosen yet. We are evaluated in career choice with a focus on a gender issue. P = 0.0001 whether there are statistically significant and career choice have different in men and women gender.In this study, 20.7 percent of high school students do not choose career due to a lack of information,do not give the professional advice from the school for them. Thus, schools need to introduce if possible considering the foreign experience, lesson of career choice is reflected in the school curriculum.

There is a little information about weight excess of school materials in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The aim of this study was to study of the weight of backback and the ergonomic effects of backpack carriage on school students in Ulaanbaatar. This cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Ulaanbaatar in 2015. Two hundred fourteen school students participated in study. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used, asking about complaints of neck, shoulders, upper and lower back. Length and weight of the children were determined. Backpacks were weighed and the relative weight of the backpack was calculated.In this study, first and second grades students carried proportionately heavier backpacks than older students and more than 10% of their weight. Musculoskeletal complaints were reported by about 79% of school students. The (relative) weight of backpacks was not related to complaints of neck, shoulders, upper and lower back.

BACKGROUND:Our previous study has shown that the prevalence and structure of the neurohereditary diseaseswere different by provinces and some form of these diseases as “indigenous” in some isolatedpopulation. There are some scientific results of our researches–genetics about consanguineous,which is more potential factor of community is some area of Mongolia. All these circumstance isgiving to carry out this study.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We used descriptive epidemiological method for revealing hereditary neurological diseases in thepopulation of 6 provinces (aimags) of Mongolia: Dornogobi (Easth-gobi), Sukhbaatar, Gobisumber,Central aimag, Bulgan, and Darkhan-Uul. Total population of these provinces is 363072. Thenumber of population in 6 provinces was fluctuated in the range from 15.000 (Govisumber) to 88.875(Darkhan-Uul). Prevalence was accounted for 100.000 populations.RESULTS:The prevalence of neurohereditary diseases makes up 17.08 cases per 100.000 populations amongthese 6 provinces. 79% of these are hereditary neuromuscular diseases i.e 49 patients from 29families. Myotonic dystrophia and genetic neuropathies Charcot-Marie-Tooth have comparativehigh prevalence over test forms of disease.The high rate neurohereditary diseases was established in the population of Bulgan (35.80•10-5),Sukhbaatar (31.17•10-5), and Dornogobi (21.33•10-5) provinces. Their prevalence’s prevailed in the7-10 times over rates Darkhan-Uul, 3-5 times over rates of Gobisumber aimags.No neuromuscular forms of neurohereditary diseases i.e spastic paraplegia (11.3%) andspinocerebeller ataxia (9.68%) accounts for 21% among all forms of neurohereditary diseases.The prevalence of neuromuscular diseases in the population of these six provinces is two times highthen the average rate of the population of Russia (1980 years). First reason is may be associatedwith high predisposition of based on consanguineous through reproductive way in some of theseprovinces of Mongolia.

Background: Our previous study has shown that the prevalence and structure of the neurohereditary diseases were different by provinces and some form of these diseases as “indigenous” in some isolated population. There are some scientific results of our researches–genetics about consanguineous, which is more potential factor of community is some area of Mongolia. All these circumstance is giving to carry out this study.Materials and Methods: We used descriptive epidemiological method for revealing hereditary neurological diseases in the population of 6 provinces (aimags) of Mongolia: Dornogobi (Easthgobi), Sukhbaatar, Gobisumber, Central aimag, Bulgan, and Darkhan-Uul. Total population of these provinces is 363072. The number of population in 6 provinces was fluctuated in the range from 15.000 (Govisumber) to 88.875 (Darkhan-Uul). Prevalence was accounted for 100.000 populations.Results: The prevalence of neurohereditary diseases makes up 17.08 cases per 100.000 populations among these 6 provinces. 79% of these are hereditary neuromuscular diseases i.e. 49 patients from 29 families. Miltonic dystrophia and genetic neuropathies Charcot-Marie-Tooth have comparative high prevalence over test forms of disease.The high rate neurohereditary diseases was established in the population of Bulgan (35.80•10-5), Sukhbaatar (31.17•10-5), and Dornogobi (21.33•10-5) provinces. Their prevalence’s prevailed in the 7-10 times over rates Darkhan-Uul, 3-5 times over rates of Gobisumber aimags. No neuromuscular forms of neurohereditary diseases i.e spastic paraplegia (11.3%) and spinocerebeller ataxia (9.68%) accounts for 21% among all forms of neurohereditary diseases. The prevalence of neuromuscular diseases in the population of these six provinces is two times high then the average rate of the population of Russia (1980 years). First reason is may be associated with high predisposition of based on consanguineous through reproductive way in some of these provinces of Mongolia.

Risk of nephrotith disease increases relating with using high hardened water, not suitable diet, being sensitive for some kind of food products. Then for Mongolia, particularly Bulgan province which is located in basin of the Selenge river is consisted in regions which have high hardened water. Sickness rate of renal diseases especially nephtolith disease is high in population of Selenge soum of Bulgan province. It was main reason of choose this subject and investigate non organic substances in urine of population and determine risks of nephtolith disease for them. To determine оne of the factors affecting the formation of the disease is to study the composition of drinking water and investigate non organic substances in urine. We used cross-sectional methodology for our study. Our study was conducted from June, 2013 to November, 2014. Household water used portable water dissemination and homes with private wells and water samples from the river.Drinking water analyzed of the chemistry parameters (13 substances) in the chemistry and toxicology laboratories in Orkhon aimag. There was 300 urine analyze was done and 62 of them was confirmed nephtolith disease with it. We investigated non-organic substances in their urine. Interviews people in the study, the average age was 43.26±14.7. 64.2% of participants was answered that they use ground water (private groundwater wells), 25.4% use external water (the well water), 8.1% use river water, 2.3 use pure water when asked about their water supply. Composition of samples from drinking water standard was near to the standard assessments by comparing the maximum amount of. We were considered the most important water pH, solids, iron, chlorine analysis compares removable wells and private wells. Hardness for 53.3% of the well of 2.5-3.5 mg/l with hard water, private wells, 60.0% of 4.6-5.5 mg/l solids by of water. Wells chlorides portable 66.7% 14.4-25.3 mg/l, and private wells 13.3% of 4.3-14.3 mg /l. 20.7 percent of survey identified as the kidney and urinary tract diseases. Urat salt (32.1%), compound of urat and sodium (32.1%), oxalate (14.5%), sodium (13.4%), compound of oxalate and sodium (6.4%), phosphate (1.5%) was determined in urine analyze. It was close to the water content of the standard performance. The well water solids of 2.5-3.5 mg/l and private groundwater wells solids of 4.6-5.5 mg/l. And the well chlorides 14.4-25.3 mg/l and private groundwater wells chlorides 4.3-14.3 mg/l.Urat and compound of urat and sodium are dominated in composition of stone during nephrolith disease (p=0.043).

Background: Disorders in the human body due to selenium defi ciency are associated with geographiclocation or environment, especially selenium concentrations in water and in soil. Selenium concentrationsin the blood of populations around the world, varies greatly. To date, no research has been conducted onaverage serum selenium level of adult Mongolians.Goal. To conduct a comparative study on the average serum selenium level of adult Mongolians bygeographic regions.Materials and Methods. In this study were participated 2339 healthy subjects randomly selectedfrom sampling units based on 4 geographical regions of Mongolia. For the study were used thequestionnaire and biochemical methods. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and serumselenium concentration was measured by the thermo fi sher scientifi c analyzer using atomic absorptionspectrophotometer method.Result: The mean serum selenium level in adult Mongolians was 0.78 μmol/l. A comparative analysisshowed a statistically signifi cant difference (ð<0.0001) in the mean serum selenium level of adultMongolians living in different geographic regions. In particular, the mean serum selenium level ofadult Mongolians was 0.85 μmol/l in the Altai Mountain, 0.57 μmol/l in Khangai mountain, 1.0 μmol/l inGobi, 0.71 μmol/l in Dornod steppe regions and thus indicator was 0.75 μmol/l among adult citizens ofUlaanbaatar. Majority of residents living in Khangai mountain and Dornod steppe regions were at a riskof selenium defi ciency.Conclusions:1. Comparative analysis of the average serum selenium level of adult Mongolians by region showedthat the Gobi region has highest (1.0 μìîë/ë) and Khangai region has the lowest (0.57 μìîë/ë).2. Study fi ndings showed that 7 – 8 individuals out of 10 residents of Dornod steppe and Khangairegions were at the risk of selenium defi ciency.