No abstract available.
Brain Death* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Cheek* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Marfan Syndrome

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of scoliosis in elementary, middle and high school boys in May 1988. The study population included 1,393 male students in Pusan ; 463 students of 4th grade in two elementary schools, 543 students of 1st grade in one middle school and 387 students of 1st grade in one high school. The students of elementary school were screened with inspection by two physicians at the same time and the students of middle and high schools were screened with both inspection by the same physicians and 70mm chest X-ray. Positive students in any one of the two screening tests were measured for height and body weight and asked for the shoulder side on which he carries the school bag. The angle of curvature on X-ray film was measured by Cobb's method. The number of positive students in any one of the two tests were 15(3.2%) in elementary schools, 174(32.0%) in middle school and 92(23.8%) in high school. However, positive rates in both tests were only 2.2% for the middle school students and 2.6% for the high school students and among these students 1.1% out of total middle school students and 2.3% of high school students had a curvature equal to or greater than 5 degrees of Cobb's angle on 70mm chest X-ray film. There was a statistically significant association between the direction of spinal curve and the shoulder side on which one carries school bag among positive students in both screening tests (p<0.05). Mean height and body weight of 281 positive students in any one of two screening tests were compared with the Korean standard for the same age. Mean weight of elementary school students was nearly the same as the standard weight but the height was slightly shorter than the standard. However, both mean height and weight of the middle school students were lower than the standard while those of the high school students were higher. The prevalence rate of scoliosis for the 2nd 3rd grades of high school is presumed to be higher than that of the 1st grade of high school and the rate for girls will be even higher than the rate for boys of the same age. Thus, scoliosis seems to be an important school health problem. To prevent scoliosis, it is recommended to reduce the weight of school bag, educate the students to keep a right posture and exercise periodically.
Body Weight ; Busan* ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Posture ; Prevalence* ; School Health Services ; Scoliosis* ; Shoulder ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

The stature, span, lower limb length, sitting height, head length and head breadth of 411 Korean elementary school girls ranging from 7 to 10 years of age were measured biometrically and the indices among all of the items were calculated to investigate the physical growth status. The following conclusion have been obtained. 1. The average statures were 117.40cm in 7, 122.72cm in 8, 126.76cm in 9 and 132.92cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average stature growth was 5.17cm. 2. The average spans were 113.12cm in 7, 118.70cm in 8, 124.26cm in 9, 130.46cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average span growth was 5.78cm. 3. The average lower limb lengths were 62.96cm in 7, 66.80cm in 8, 69.09cm in 9 and 73.13cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average lower length growth was 3.39cm 4. The average sitting heights were 65.82cm in 7, 68.56cm in 8, 70.18cm in 9 and 73.13cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average sitting height growth was 2.43cm. 5. The average body weights were 21.22kg in 7, 24.13kg in 8, 25.54kg in 9 and 29.27kg in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average body weight growth was 2.68kg. 6. The average head lengths were 16.29cm in 7, 16.38cm in 8, 16.47cm in 9 and 16.60cm in 10 yeras of age groups, and the annual average head length growth was 0.10cm. 7. The average head breadth were 14.50cm in 7, 14.65cm in 8, 14.67cm in 9 and 14.81cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average head breadth growth was 0.10cm. 8. While both relative span and lower limb length increased with age and the relative sitting height slightly decreased with age. 9. The relative body weight increased with age. 10. The head type depended on cephalic index was belonged to hyperbrachycephaly, and showed no differrences with age in all of the groups. 11. The relative span was over 96 in all age groups, and the value increased slightly with age. 12. The average annual growth showed remarkable high value between 9 to 10 years of age in the items of stature, span, lower limb length, sitting height and body weight.
Body Weight ; Female* ; Head ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

No abstract available.
Animals ; Liver* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Glutamic Acid* ; Glycine* ; Kynurenic Acid* ; Perfusion* ; Rats*

The influences of adrenal corticosteroid on the development and regression of neurons of dentate and hippocampus were studied by adrenalectomy and steroid overload in neonatal rats. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cell death occurred naturally in numerous dentate granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells. 2. The number of dentate granule cells undergoing cell death decreased by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but increased in adrenalectomized rat brains. The changes occurred prominently at postnatal day 6. 3. The number of hippocampal pyramidal cells undergoing cell death decreased in CA3 region by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but was not changed in adrenalectomized rat brains. However, other regions exhibited no change by adrenal corticosteroid and adrenalectomy. 4. The cell death of pyramidal cells of CA3 region occurred in close relationship with the cell death of dentate granule cells, which was different from other CA regions. In summary, the cell death of dentate and hippocampal neurons occurred naturally but seemed to be influenced by other factors as well as adrenal corticosteroid.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Hippocampus* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats*

The 5 cases of human fetal liver aged from 11 to 23 weeks of gestation were investigated for the ultrastructure of sinusoidal wall by electron microscopy. The endothelial cells deficient in basement membrane formed almost all the part of sinusoidal wall. The cells were continued with neighboring cells by intercellular junction, and overlapped them and exhibited to maintain unfenestrated capillary wall, which was different from those with fenestra in adults. The cells were found to have coated pits on luminal side and several various vesicles in the cytoplasms. The cells were related with transcellular migration of reticulocytes and acidophilic erythroblastes, which penetrated into the endothelial cytoplasm to form transient migrating pore closing after the migration into sinusoidal lumen. The perivascular cells were present at perivascular space and surrounding the sinusoid discontinuously. The Kupffer cells were easily identified with filipodia and lamellipodia and with phagosome of nuclei enucleated from acidophilic erythroblasts.
Adult ; Basement Membrane ; Capillaries ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells* ; Erythroblasts ; Erythrocytes ; Humans* ; Intercellular Junctions ; Kupffer Cells* ; Liver* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Phagosomes ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopodia ; Reticulocytes

With the recent introduction and development of the detachable balloon system, it has become the treatment of choice in the management of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCFs). But, since most delivery systems for embolization of CCF mainly depend on flow guidance for balloon delivery, in cases of small fistula, pseudoaneurysm and arterialized venous collaterals, failure of balloon embolization can occur. To overcome these limitations, the authors designed and used a new versatile, steerable, and flow-guided detachable balloon system by using a Tracker catheter system with silicone or latex balloons. Using this maneuver, we could get successful fistula occlusion in 7 out of 8 patients(silicone balloon). But in one case, we had to occlude the internal carotid artery at the fistula site, proximal and distal cervical portions of the internal carotid artery. This balloon delivery system proved to provide high selectivity for fistula and relatively ease of handing.
Aneurysm, False ; Balloon Occlusion ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters* ; Fistula* ; Hand ; Latex ; Silicon* ; Silicones*