BACKGROUND: This study evaluated postoperative changes in the supraspinatus from time-zero to 6 months, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that restoration of the musculotendinous unit of the rotator cuff by tendon repair immediately improves the rotator cuff muscle status, and maintains it months after surgery. METHODS: Totally, 76 patients (29 men, 47 women) with rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus tendon who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs were examined. MRI evaluation showed complete repair with intact integrity of the torn tendon at both time-zero and at 6 months follow-up. All patients underwent standardized MRI at our institution preoperatively, at 1 or 2 days postoperative, and at 6 months after surgery. Supraspinatus muscular (SSP) atrophy (Thomazeau grade) and fatty infiltrations (Goutallier stage) were evaluated by MRI. The cross-sectional area of SSP in the fossa was also measured. RESULTS: As determined by MRI, the cross-sectional area of SSP significantly decreased 11.41% from time-zero (immediate repair) to 6 months post-surgery, whereas the Goutallier stage and Thomazeau grade showed no significant changes (p<0.01). Furthermore, compared to the preoperative MRI, the postoperative MRI at 6 months showed a no statistically significant increase of 8.03% in the cross-sectional area. In addition, morphological improvements were observed in patients with high grade Goutallier and Thomazeau at time-zero, whereas morphology of patients with low grade factors were almost similar to before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cross-sectional area of the initial repair appears to decrease after a few months postoperatively, possibly due to medial retraction or strained muscle.
Atrophy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy ; Rotator Cuff ; Tears ; Tendons

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated postoperative changes in the supraspinatus from time-zero to 6 months, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that restoration of the musculotendinous unit of the rotator cuff by tendon repair immediately improves the rotator cuff muscle status, and maintains it months after surgery. METHODS: Totally, 76 patients (29 men, 47 women) with rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus tendon who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs were examined. MRI evaluation showed complete repair with intact integrity of the torn tendon at both time-zero and at 6 months follow-up. All patients underwent standardized MRI at our institution preoperatively, at 1 or 2 days postoperative, and at 6 months after surgery. Supraspinatus muscular (SSP) atrophy (Thomazeau grade) and fatty infiltrations (Goutallier stage) were evaluated by MRI. The cross-sectional area of SSP in the fossa was also measured. RESULTS: As determined by MRI, the cross-sectional area of SSP significantly decreased 11.41% from time-zero (immediate repair) to 6 months post-surgery, whereas the Goutallier stage and Thomazeau grade showed no significant changes (p<0.01). Furthermore, compared to the preoperative MRI, the postoperative MRI at 6 months showed a no statistically significant increase of 8.03% in the cross-sectional area. In addition, morphological improvements were observed in patients with high grade Goutallier and Thomazeau at time-zero, whereas morphology of patients with low grade factors were almost similar to before surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cross-sectional area of the initial repair appears to decrease after a few months postoperatively, possibly due to medial retraction or strained muscle.

Band heterotopia is a rare neuronal migration disorder, resulting in epilepsy and mental retardation. Epilepsy in band heteropopia, of which Lennox-Gastaut syndrome constituted about 20%, varied in nature and degree of severity. Band heterotopia can be diagnosed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showing another diffuse layer of gray matter underlying the normal-looking cortex with intervening thin rim of white matter. While positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose revealed glucose uptake similar to the overlying cortex, single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) findings of band heterotopia have not been reported. We report a 8-year-old girl who presented with variable types of generalized seizures and mild mental retardation. She was diagnosed as having band heterotopia with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome by MRI and interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) showing immature background and generalized 2 Hz slow spike and wave complexes. Interictal SPECT, using Tc 99m hexamethyl propylenamine oxime (Tc 99m-HMPAO), revealed the same degree of perfusion in both the areas of band heterotopia and the overlying cortex. By using valproate and lamotrigine, she is now in stable condition with a significant decrease in seizure frequency.
Brain ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Perfusion ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Seizures ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Valproic Acid

Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypphysitis(LINH) is a newly classified disorder and proposed as a common cause of idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. It is characterized by thickening of the infundibulum and/or pituitary stalk and absence of high signal in the neurohypophysis in sellar MRI and the microscopic findings of diffuse lymphocytic infiltration within the neurohypophysis. A 12year-old boy presented polyuria and headache. The result of water deprivation test was compatible with central diabetes insipidus. Brain MRI showed thickening of the pituitary stalk and loss of high signal in the neurohypophysis. Craniotomy and excisional bi6opsy was done under the impression of pituitary tumor. Microscopically, neurohypophysis showed dense lymphocytic infiltration and no malignant cells. Six months after the operation, the previously thickened pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis appeared normal in follow-up MRI.
Brain ; Craniotomy ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Polyuria ; Water Deprivation

PURPOSE: To evaluate a role as over 35 years, maternal serum markers, and a false positive screen for Down syndrome were the predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. Materials and METHODS: From Mar.1994, through Feb.1996, 5284 women were screened triple test to detect Down syndrome in the second trimester and were delivered Samsung Cheil hospital. The values of each maternal serum markers were measured with radioimmunoassay. And then, the screen positive of Down syndrome was calculated using alpha-software Version 4.0. The adverse outcome of the fetus and the mother included low birth weight(LBW) ( <2500gm), prematurity( <37 gestational weeks), placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM), pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH),abruptio placenta, and intrauterine fetal death(IUFD). The predictor markers included over 35years, elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), elevated human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), lowered unconjugated estriol (uE3), and a false positive screen for Down syndrome. RESULTS: Mean age and mean gestational weeks in the study were 30+/-4.8 years and 17.1 weeks respectively. The adverse pregnancy outcomes were 357 LBW(6.8%), 253 prematurity(4.8%), 108 placenta previa(2.0%), 68 PPROM(1.3%), 66 PIH(1.3%), 24 abruptio placenta(0.5%), and 20 IUFD(0.4%). In univariate analysis, over 35 years was significantly associated with abruptio placenta, prematurity, and placenta previa, elevated MS-AFP( >2.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and PPROM , elevated MS-hCG (>3.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and placenta previa, lowered uE3 (<0.75) associated with IUFD, abruptio placenta, LBW, and prematurity.(P <0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, IUFD was significantly associated with only elevated MS-AFP, LBW associated with elevated MS-AFP, elevated MS-hCG, and lowered uE3, PIH associated with only elevated MS-AFP, PPROM only elevated MS-AFP, prematurity only elevated MS-AFP, and placenta previa over 35 years, elevated MS-hCG.(P <0.05). However, abruptio placenta was not significantly associated with predictor markers.(P >0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Some predictors such as over 35 year, elevated hCG, lowered uE3, a false positive screen for Down syndrome were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Also in multivariate analysis, we identified especially elevated AFP to be the most reliable predictor for adverse pregnancy outcome.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biomarkers ; Chorion ; Down Syndrome ; Estriol ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture

This research was carried out to determine the performance rate of health related practices, to measure the agreement between morbidity by doctor's diagnosis and morbidity by 'subject' self-reported and the degree of association between health related practices and morbidity rate by doctor's diagnosis, to identify their effects on morbidity among rural area populations. The data were gathered by volunteer residents(over the age of 20) of Haman Myeon, Haman Gun, Kyeongsangnam Do in Korea, from June 10, 1993 to June 12, 1993 (369 male and 516 female). Face to face interview, lab, chest P-A, EKG and physical examination were completed. Descriptive statistics, agreement analysis and multiple logistic regression procedures were employed for analyses. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1) Age adjusted morbidity rates by doctor's diagnosis and self-reported were 38.5% (male:37.3%, female:36.5%), 26.4% (male:33.3%, female:27.5%), respectively. Kappa coefficient between morbidity by doctor's diagnosis and morbidity by self-reported was 0.21 (male:0.21, female:0.22). 2) The frequency of disease by doctor's diagnosis was as follows: hypertension (15.3%), gastritis (9.6%), diabetes mellitus (8.5%), liver disease (8.1%), and degenerative arthritis (6.2%) in the study population. 3) Order of health practice performance rate was as follows: Males- normal body weight (62.1%), non-heavy alcohol consumption (57.5%), 7-8 hours of sleeping (50.1%), non-smoking (21.7%), and exercise (19.8%). Females- non-heavy alcohol consumption (97.3%), non-smoking (84.7%), normal body weight (57.8%), 7-8 hours of sleeping (45.0%), and exercise (9.9%). 4) There was no significant relationship between health related practice and morbidity except exercise among health related practices. 5) Health related practice index which was recategorized by high, medium, and low had effects on the probability of developing morbidity.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Gastritis ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ideal Body Weight ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Physical Examination ; Thorax ; Volunteers

Myoepithelioma is a rare benign neoplasm that mostly arises in the major salivary glands and sometimes in the minor salivary glands, which account only for less than 1% of all salivary glands neoplasms. However, its extra-salivary involvement is even rarer and only a few cases of nasal cavity myoepithelioma were reported in the English-language literature so far. In this case report, we present a 40-year-old female with unilateral nasal obstruction diagnosed as myoepithelioma of the nasal septum and treated with endoscopic sinus surgery.

Myoepithelioma is a rare benign neoplasm that mostly arises in the major salivary glands and sometimes in the minor salivary glands, which account only for less than 1% of all salivary glands neoplasms. However, its extra-salivary involvement is even rarer and only a few cases of nasal cavity myoepithelioma were reported in the English-language literature so far. In this case report, we present a 40-year-old female with unilateral nasal obstruction diagnosed as myoepithelioma of the nasal septum and treated with endoscopic sinus surgery.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease. METHODS: We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0–30 h/week, 31–39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41–50 h/week, 51–60 h/week, 61–70 h/week, 71–80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD. RESULTS: The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women. CONCLUSION: Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Coronary Disease* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Stroke*

OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that microalbuminuria is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. This study was initiated to see whether microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular risk factor in Korean non-diabetic subjects. METHODS: We examined various correlates of microalbuminuria in 221 non-diabetic subjects aged 50-59 years who visited health promotion center of Asan medical center. RESULTS: 1) Microalbuminuria was detected in 7%(15/211) of Korean non-diabetic subjects. 2) The subjects with microalbuminuria had higher BMI(25.0 vs. 23.8kg/m2), higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure(143/87 vs, 124/95mmHg), higher serum cholesterol(220 vs. 201mg/dL), higher triglyceride(151 vs. 99mg/dL), higher fasting insulin levels(9.8 vs. 6.1 microU/ml) than the subjects with normoalbuminuria. 3) Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that microalbuminuria was independently related to age, blood pressure, and fasting serum insulin levels. CONCLUSION: We found that significant proportion of Korean non-diabetic subjects had microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria was associated with various cardiovascular risk factors including higher fasting serum insulin level. These findings suggest that microalbuminuria may form part of the insulin resistance syndrome, so called 'Syndrome X'.
Blood Pressure ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Fasting ; Health Promotion ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Risk Factors