No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis* ; Humans*

Authors retrospectively analyzed ultrasonographic findings of 12 cases of breast carcinomas which were proven pathologically at Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1992 to August 1992. Classically, breast carcinomas were described as irregular and lobulated hypoechoic solid masses with inhomogeneous internal echoes and frequent attenuation of the sound beam. And other additional ultrasonographic findings were echogenic rim, disruptions of superficial layer, microcalcification, skin thickening and so on. In our studies, not all of these findings of breast carcinomas were found in each case, but most of these findings were noted. However, several studies have demonstrated considerable overlap in the ultrasonographic appearance of benign lesions and carcinoma. Thus, accurate sonographic determination of the type of solid mass is not possible with current ultrasonographic imaging techniques and criteria. For more accurate diagnosis of breast lesions, sonographic and other imaging techniques are interpreted together.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury*

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Polyethylene*

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate the differences in the pedicle screw pull-out strength between an unaugmented screw and a screw augmented by high pressurized PMMA in an embalmed human lumbar cadaveric spine. METHODS: Pedicle screws were inserted in the 50 pedicles of cadaver lumbar spine after measuring the bone mineral density(BMD) of the specimens. The pedicle screw was inserted without augmentation on the left pedicle and with augmentation by a vertebral reconstruction with high pressurized PMMA on the right side. The pedicle screw was inserted before the hardening of bone cement on the right side. A computed tomographic scan was done to evaluate the location of the PMMA and PMMA/ screw interface. After that, a screw pullout strength test was performed. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between the pull-out strength and BMD in the control group (r=0.7339). The average pull-out strength of the augmented group was 168% greater than that of the control group(p<0.05). The pull-out strength of the augmented group was correlated with in the volume of the PMMA. CONCLUSION: A pedicle screw that is augmented with PMMA will provide a more rigid fixation than that of an unaugmented screw, especially in the low BMD group of the specimens.
Cadaver* ; Humans ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Spine

No abstract available.
Portal Vein*

This study was undertaken at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam University Medical School, to investigate the association between some of the risk factor and the incidence of intrauterine fetal growth restriction(IUGR). The studied population was selected from patients who admitted at Chonnam University Hospital during January, 1992 through May, 1997, with following criteria, Korean, singletone pregnancy with live birth and known gestational weeks with 28 or more. And then, the risk factors were analyzed in terms of maternal factor, placental factor, and fetal factor. The following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of IUGR was 6.1%. 2) The incidence of IUGR was higher at young aged mother and nullipara. 3) Only 39.1% of etiologic factors for IUGR was found to have known causes. According to the risk factors for IUGR, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, anemia, cardiac disease, leukemia, and pulmonary tuberculosis were associated with increased incidence of IUGR. 4) The relative risk of IUGR was much higher in neonates born with congenital anomalies. 5) According to the placental causes of IUGR, placenta previa and placenta abruption showed some association with IUGR.
Anemia ; Fetal Development* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gynecology ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukemia ; Live Birth ; Mothers ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Schools, Medical ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: We examined the effect of induced interocular difference of retinal illuminanace on stereopsis. METHODS: Fifty adults who have normal binocularity were examined with neutral density filters. The mean age was 29.1 years. While the monocular retinal illuminance was gradually reduced by increasing the value of neutral density filters, we measured the best corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity with Titmus test and Lang test. We used neutral density filter from 1.0 neutral density (ND, 10% transmit) to 3.0ND (0.1% transmit) with intervals of 0.2ND. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity began to decrease significantly when the value of neutral density filter reached 2.0ND (1% transmit). Stereoacuity also began to decline when the value was 1.4ND(4% transmit) with Titmus test and 1.6ND (2.5% transmit) with Lang test. CONCLUSIONS: Change of retinal illuminance effects more on stereoacuity than visual acuity as stereoacuity decreased earlier by increasing the value of density filters. These results imply that the stereopsis test could be more useful than visual acuity test for detecting ocular abnormalities influencing the retinal illuminance.
Adult ; Depth Perception* ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde* ; Telescopes* ; Visual Acuity

The determination of proliferative activity in the colorectal mucosa has been used for different purposes as the estimation of cancer risk and the assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. But the prognostic significance of proliferative activity in colorectal carcinomas remains controversial. To investigate the prognostic significance of proliferative activity in colorectal carcinomas, the author estimated the proliferative activity immunohisto chemically using the monoclonal antibody PCNA and compared with clinicopathological data in 62 colorectal carcinomas. The results were as follows: 1) The reactivity of PCNA was more pronounced at the infiltrative margins of the tumors and tumor cells within the vascular or lymphatic channels. 2) The mean PCNA index of colorectal carcinomas was 40.5?0.4%. PCNA indices had positive correlations with lymph node invasion(p<0.05), liver, metastasis(p<0.05), Dukes' stage(p<0.01) and TNM classification(p<0.01), and didn't correlated with location of tumor, size of tumor, histological type and lymphtic or vascular invasion. 3) The patients with high PCNA index(more than 45%) represented higher recurrence or metastasis rate(37.5%) than those with low PCNA index (less than 45%)(19.3%) in Dukes B or C colorectal carcinomas during the follow-up periods, but not significant statistically. These results suggested that the reactivity of PCNA may be a useful prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; DNA* ; Kinetics* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*