BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia has been known as an independent risk factor in the develop-ment of coronary artery disease. This study was carried out to compare nutrient intakes, smo-king status, antioxidant vitamins, and plasma lipids in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in normal healthy subjects among Korean population in Taegu. Possible causes of this dis-ease in patients are discussed. METHODS: Anthropometric assessments included mean intakes of nutrients, and the levels of plasma lipids (apolipoprotein [Apo] A - I, Lipoprotein [Lp] [a]), and antioxidant vitamins (such as vitamins A and E) were measured in female and male subjects with CHD against healthy con-trols. RESULTS: Dietary cholesterol and fat intakes were significantly higher in CHD groups in men and women. Total plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, thiobarbituric acid reactive subst-ance (TBARS), atherogenic index and Lp (a) levels were significantly higher in CHD patients than in the normal group in both men and women. Apo A-I, HDL-C and vitamin E levels were lower in CHD patients than in the normal group. The number of smokers was higher in CHD patients than in the normal group in both sexes of subjects. CONCLUSION: High fat and high cholesterol intakes seemed to be a major factor for the hyperlipidemia in the CHD patients. Their abnormal lipoprotein profile, which appeared in pati-ent plasma, corresponded well to dietary intake patterns. However, long term studies are need-ed to investigate the effects of smoking on lipid metabolism in CHD patients among the Korean population.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Disease* ; Daegu ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lipoprotein(a)* ; Lipoproteins* ; Male ; Plasma* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the prophylaxis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and to determine whether ibuprofen could be an alternative agent in prophylactic use. METHODS: A retrospective study including 37 preterm infants <1,500 g of birth weight, <34 weeks of gestation, whom were administrated indomethacin (n=17; January 2009-December 2009) or ibuprofen (n=20; January 2010-February 2011) within 24 hr after birth was conducted. The rate of ductal closure, need for surgical ligation, clinical outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and death rate were compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean gestational age, mean birth weight, Apgar score, sex, type of delivery, maternal dexamethasone treatment, frequency and duration of ventilator and surfactant treatment. The closure of PDA on day 7 of life was in 19 of 20 infants of the ibuprofen group and 13 of 17 infants of the indomethacin group (P=0.159). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Ibuprofen has similar effects to indomethacin in the rate of PDA closure. Our study demonstrates that prophylactic ibuprofen is relatively effective without significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes compared with indomethacin. Therefore, ibuprofen may be used as an alternative agent in the prophylaxis of PDA in preterm infants.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Dexamethasone ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Ligation ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This study was amied to identify the effects of a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program on balance, depression, medical cost, medical institution's utilization and fall among elderly women. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental design, the experimental group was composed of 130 subjects and the control group was composed of 123 subjects. The experimental group participated in a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program 3 times a week from December 2002 to February 2003. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, paired t-test and t-test. RESULTS: There was siginificant improvement in balance(right leg p=.000, left leg p=.004), depression(p=.000), and the medical institution's utilization(p=.001) and fall(p=.002) in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: A Korean traditional dance movement program improved balance, depression, and decreased fall and medical cost in elderly women. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program and falls preventing program for the elderly in the community.
*Musculoskeletal Equilibrium ; Middle Aged ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Depressive Disorder/*psychology ; *Dance Therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Accidental Falls/*prevention & control

Mature teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary. The tumor is essentially a benign neoplasm and surgical resection of the tumor is the treatment of choice. Recurrence with colorectal involvement after surgical removal of the primary lesion is exceedingly rare and has not been reported in Korea. We present a 43-year-old patient with a rectal mass who had already undergone left oophorectomy due to mature cystic teratoma and right oophorectomy due to hemorrhagic corpus luteum. The rectal mass was composed of a mature teratoma tissue. We postulate that leakage of the tumor elements from the cyst wall led to peritoneal tumor implantation and invasion to the rectal wall.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*pathology ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*secondary ; Teratoma/diagnosis/*secondary

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning frequently leads to the incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the management of patients who had incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening on MDCT. METHODS: From May 2006 to March 2008, the abdominal MDCT reports of all patients in Chungbuk National University Hospital were reviewed. Cases with any bowel thickening was selected and then patients who received gastroscopy or colonoscopy after abdominal MDCT were re-selected. RESULTS: Gastroscopy revealed abnormal findings in 22 (95.7%) out of 23 patients, and 10 patients (43.5%) had stomach cancers. Colonoscopy revealed abnormal findings in 35 (85.4%) out of 41 patients, and 12 patients (29%) had malignant tumors. In the patients who had lymph node enlargement (p<0.001), dirty fat infiltration (p=0.025), and irregular wall thickening (p<0.001) on MDCT malignancy was observed more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend gastroscopy and colonoscopy to patients who had incidentally found bowel wall thickening on MDCT, especially those with lymph node enlargement, dirty fat infiltration, and irregular wall thickening.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Neoplasms/radiography ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/cytology/*radiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

Cyanoacrylate is well recognized for its effect in the treatment of the gastric variceal bleeding rather than the esopahgeal variceal bleeding. We used endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with cyanoacrylate for the control of esophageal variceal bleeding in which endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was difficult due to severe post-EVL scar changes of the esophageal mucosa. The hemostasis by EIS with cyanoacrylate was successfully achieved despite the massive bleeding. However, esophageal obstruction occurred after the EIS treatment. Later, the obstruction resolved spontaneously as the polymer was expelled into the esophageal lumen. We report this case with a brief review of the literatures.
Cicatrix ; Cyanoacrylates* ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Ligation ; Mucous Membrane ; Polymers ; Sclerotherapy*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to discover the physiologic difference of a postprandial motor response in different segments of the colon between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy subjects. METHODS: Irritable bowel syndrome patients are categorized into three groups according to their main symptoms; loose stool-dominant (A, n=5), abdominal pain-dominant (B, n=5), constipation-dominant (C, n=6) and the normal control group (n=5). The intraluminal pressure activity was measured with a colonoscopically positioned multilumen manometric catheter. The change of the colonic motility index (MI) is presented as a percent change (mean+/-SE%) over the basal period in response to a meal. RESULTS: 1) In the transverse, descending and sigmoid colon of healthy subjects, the percentage changes in the basal MI during the first 30 min after the meal are significantly increased (p < 0.05-0.01). 2) In the sigmoid colon, the percentage changes in the basal MI during the first 30 min after the meal were 62+/-18 in A, 29+/-18 in B, 12+/-8 in C and 306+/-102% in heathy subjects respectively, which shows a significant difference between the MI of control and healthy subjects (p < 0.05). 3) In B and C, the percentage changes in the basal MI during the first 30 min after the meal in the descending colon were 105+/-38, 11+/-7, respectively, which shows a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In A and C, the percentage changes in the basal MI during the first 30 min after the meal in the sigmoid colon was 62+/-18, 12+/-8, respectively, which shows a significant change between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that postprandial intraluminal pressure differences play a role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome.
Catheters ; Colon* ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome* ; Meals ; Motor Activity*

Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) occurs due to inflammation of an epiploic appendage, which is a peritoneal pouch that arises from the serosal surface of the colon. PEA is often associated with infarction caused by torsion or spontaneous venous thrombosis. PEA is a self-limited disease with a course of approximately 10 days, and it requires only symptomatic management for pain. But it clinically manifests with localized abdominal pain that is often mistaken for appendicitis, diverticulitis, or cholangitis. Therefore, PEA had been diagnosed at surgery for the past few decades. Making the preoperative diagnosis of PEA through ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) has recently become possible. We report here on four cases of PEA that were diagnosed and treated by symptomatic management.
Abdomen, Acute ; Abdominal Pain ; Appendicitis ; Cholangitis ; Colon ; Colonic Diseases ; Diverticulitis ; Infarction ; Inflammation ; Peas ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to determine the clinical features of patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones with high serum levels of AST or ALT. METHODS: A retrospective review of 93 patients with CBD stones was done. Clinical characteristics, diameters of CBD, and prior diagnosis before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were assessed between two groups (group 1 with serum AST or ALT levels 400 IU/L and group 2 with AST and ALT < or = l00 IU/L). RESULTS: Nineteen patients in group 1 and 17 patients in group 2 were enrolled. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in both groups. Patients in group 1 was about 14 years younger than group 2 (p=0.003). The duration of symptoms in group 1 and group 2 were 4.1 and 36.8 days, respectively (p=0.005). The diameter of CBD was smaller in group 1 (11.4 mm) than in group 2 (16.3 mm) (p=0.001). Most patients were diagnosed as CBD stones by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography before ERCP, except two patients in group 1 who were diagnosed as hepatitis initially. All of the patients were recovered by stone removal through ERCP and antibiotics treatment. There were inverse correlations between the diameter of CBD and AST or ALT levels (r=-0.517, p=0.002 and r=-0.504, p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CBD stones with high levels of AST or ALT are frequently observed in younger patients with shorter duration of symptoms and a smaller diameter of CBD. ERCP seems to be a valuable method in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Aged ; Alanine Transaminase/*blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/*blood ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis/*diagnosis/enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged