No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Nursing management educational objectives and nurse duties required to be achieved in the nursing management curriculum in nursing job analysis. METHODS: Nursing management educational objectives and knowledge to be achieved in a nursing management curriculum in nursing job analysis were analyzed using Anderson's Revision of Bloom's taxonomy of Educational Objectives. RESULTS: The analysis showed that 172 (59.3%) of the 290 educational objectives of the nursing management corresponded to ‘conceptual knowledge’ and 167 (57.6%) of the ‘cognitive process dimension’ were ‘understanding’. In the job analysis, 29 out of 57 (50.9%) were procedural knowledge. The finding indicates that ‘health promotion and maintenance’ duty was excluded from the job analysis, but included in the nursing management curriculum and objectives. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to the foundation of nursing management as a practical study by analyzing the goal of nursing management learning in connection with the job analysis required in the field.
Classification ; Curriculum ; Learning ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Intestinal Mucosa*

Disfiguring hyperpigmentation of the exposed areas may have impartant and lasting effects on the emotional well-being of the patient. And many attempts to treat areas of hyperpigmentation have been earried out, but all of them are not very successful. Recently 4-isopropylcatechol has been known to inhibit melanin pigmentation with a selective action on melanocytes either destroying or inactivating the melanocytes experimentally. There is no report on its clinical trial till now. In this study, 1% 4-isopropylcatechol cream was topieally applied to the hyperpigmented lesions of 29 patieots of melasma, freckle, and cafe-au-lait spot. The bleaching effect on meiasmas was very satisfactory in all patients but coantact dermatltis in 3 patients and reticular hyperpigmentation with areas of depigmented spots in one patient were developed as the side effects of the drug. Freckle and cafe-au-Iait spots were not bleached.
Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanosis ; Pigmentation

Marginal degenration of the cornea was first described by Triimpy in 1881. Since then other investigators have reported many marginal degenerations of the cornea in various different clinical nomenclatures but it has never been described in Korea. Marginal or peripheral degeneratoin of the cornea was also reported by Terrien in 1900. The condition is uncommon and usually bilateral although one side may be more advanced than the other. It occurs most often (about 75%) in male in the age brancket of 10 to 70 but majority of cases were noted before the age of 40. Clinically the disease starts with peripheral opacity in punctate pattern simulating an arcus seniHs and vascularized. As the problem advances, furrow gradually develops and spreads all around the periphery of the cornea in circumferential fashion. The cornea becomes extremely thin in this area but epithelium is intact. At the central margin of the furrow, one may see an advancing edge of lipid. The two cases reported in the following are a 20 year old Korean lady with unilateral marginal corneal degeneration in the inferior part of the cornea, and a 68 year old man with typical bilateral marginal corneal degeneration which has developed since his age of 27.
Aged ; Cornea* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Research Personnel ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Renovascular*

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, remams an important public health problem in Korea, and asymptomatic chronic carriers play a role in the endemicity. However, the molecular studies of S. typhi isolates are very limited. We characterized clinical isolates of S. typhi by molecular and phage typing tools for the extent of genetic diversity and relatedness among the isolates. METHODS: A total of 49 S. typhi isolates from sporadic cases of typhoid fever were collected in 3 university hospitals in Seoul during 1992 to 1998 and examined for in vitro susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials by disk diffusion method, ribotyping using PstI restriction enzyme, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI and Vi phage typing. The distribution of the epidemiological types and genomic DNA relatedness were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-five out of 49 isolates were susceptible to all drugs tested. Thirty-two out of 47 were typable by phage typing and 56.3% possessed the phage type El or Ml. Forty-nine isolates divided into 6 different ribotypes (A to F) and 19 different PFGE types (AO through A17, BO) by ribotyping and PFGE analysis, respectively. Based on the 3 typing systems, 32 isolates divided into 17 different epidemiological types. The E1-A-A12 (phage type-ribotype-PFGE type) was most prevalent (18.8Fo) and isolated only in 1998, but distributed in various areas of isolation. The next prevalent M1-A-A1 (15.6%) was isolated from 1992 through 1998. The genetic relatedness based on PFGE analysis revealed that F (coefficient of similarity) values are 0.64 to 1.0 and 0.52 for A subtypes and BO type, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the circulating S. typhi strains in Seoul city show considerable genetic diversity, whereas most of them seems to be clonally related.
Bacteriophage Typing ; Bacteriophages ; Diffusion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genetic Variation ; Hospitals, University ; Korea ; Public Health ; Ribotyping ; Salmonella enterica* ; Salmonella typhi ; Salmonella* ; Seoul* ; Typhoid Fever

This study was planned to determine the subjective and objective refraction under Mydrin P (Sansei Do Pham. Co.) among 758 Korean high school girls in Seoul area age of 12 to 18 years. Brightness (illumination) of 6 class rooms out of 30 in junior high school and 11 class rooms out of 24 in senior high school was measured with a sight meter (Western model 703-60, type 7, Western Co.) and a sun light illumination meter (Western model 756, Weston Co.). 1. Among 758 high school girls, error was 80.34% and emmetropia 19.66%. 2. As to the distribution of refractive erros, 30.02% was hyperopic refractive error and 69.98% was myopic refractive error. 3. The incidence of each refractive errors was the following order: hyperopia 15.44%, myop4 37.40%, compound myopic astigmatism 15.04%, compound hyperopic astigmatism 5.54%, simple myopic astigmatism 3.23%, simple hyperopic astigmatism 2.9%, mixed astigmations 0.73%. 5. The incidence of refractive errors in relation to age reveals the myopic refractive error increases from 37.35% at the age of 12 years reaching to 97.06% at the age of 18 years, while the hyperopic refractive error decreases from 62.65% at the age of 12 years decreasing to 2.94% at the age of 18 years. 6. Emmetropia was most frequent at the age of 16 years and there after tends to decrease. 7. Hyperopic refractive error under 1.00D was 23.99% and myopic refractive error under 1.00D was 26.62%. 8. As to the type of astigmatism, "with the rule" was 52.88%, "against rule" 40.14%, "oblique" 4.33% and mixed astigmatism 2.64% only. 9. The brightness of classrooms reveals averaing 75.5 F.C. in senior high school and 30.2 F.C. in senior high school. The day light factor measured at the same time was average 6.2% in junior high school and 1.8% in senior high school. The balance of illumination measured at the sametime was average 69.8% in junior high school and 52.6% in senior high school.
Astigmatism ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence ; Lighting ; Refractive Errors ; Seoul ; Solar System