No abstract available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Intestinal Mucosa*

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

No abstract available.
Female ; Indomethacin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with dietary attitudes and dietary self-efficacy of juvenile delinquents. Out of 110 questionnaires distributed to the juvenile detention home students in Daegu, and 150 questionnaires distributed to the juvenile detention home students in Anyang, 210 were analyzed (80.7% analysis rate). These data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows. Almost all parents' educational levels showed 'graduation of middle school', and only 43.8% of the juvenile detention students were living with parents. In case of incoming status, average income per month was 2,000,000 won, which was lower than normal one. Diet attitude score was higher in boy students than girl students (p < 0.05). There was a higher score of diet attitude in higher educational levels of father. The average score of dietary self-efficacy was 2.51 +/- 0.86. This value was lower than the normal juvenile. There was a higher diet attitude score in the higher dietary self-efficacy score (p < 0.001). Therefore, proper nutrition education is required to improve their dietary self-efficacy. The results of this study could be useful data to plan and develop nutritional education programs of juvenile delinquents
Diet ; Fathers ; Humans ; Parents

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data to propose further directions of education on rehabilitation nursing by investigating the adequacy of the educational contents of rehabilitation nursing. This study was a descriptive survey study. The data collected at 25 universities and 24 junior colleges through questionnaires to answer the research questions from August 10 to September 30, 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 24 items. The contents of rehabilitation nursing education were developed by consulting with the rehabilitation nursing professionals. The results are as follows Rehabilitation nursing was taught as an independent class in 15 universities and 9 junior colleges. Most professors majoring in adult nursing(66.8%) were in charge of teaching the courses. For the adequacy of the teaching contents of rehabilitation nursing, conceptual bases for rehabilitation was the highest score(4.0), and interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, activities of daily living, clients of rehabilitation, nursing process in rehabilitation nursing, functional evaluation, movement and mobility, physical therapy, occupational therapy, sensation and perception, communication/language, eating and swallowing, bladder elimination, community based rehabilitation nursing, sleep, rest &, fatigue, bowel elimination., historical perspectives of rehabilitation nursing, sexuality, pulmonary rehabilitation, pain, cardiac rehabilitation, skin integrity, family care was ordered.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Deglutition ; Eating ; Education ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Nursing Process ; Occupational Therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Sensation ; Sexuality ; Skin ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: Endothelial dysfunction is an event in the atherosclerotic process usually considered reversible at its early stage. Early detection, therefor, may improve the prognosis in the cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular function in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to explore its relation to other various parameters with a specific emphasis on systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR), nutritional status and the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS: Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (FMD) was measured, using Doppler sonogram, in 37 stable HD patients, 11 healthy people and 24 hypertensive controls. Nitroglycerine- induced endothelium-independent vasodilatation (EIV) and peak reaction time (PT) of each FMD and EIV were also measured. RESULTS: FMD in HD patients was decreased compared to healthy group whereas it was comparable in HD patients and hypertensive control. EIV in HD patients was significantly decreased compared to healthy and hypertensive controls. PT of each FMD and EIV was significantly delayed in HD patients. Each FMD and EIV showed a negative correlation with serum hsCRP level, but no significant correlations of FMD with other parameters were noted. Both FMD and EIV were further decreased in HD patients with IHD than non-IHD group. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed a characteristic pattern of vascular dysfunction in HD patients: the impaired endothelial and smooth muscle function with a delayed reaction time. Importantly, SIR was one of the important factors determining vascular dysfunction in HD patients. Further studies will be necessary to define the causative role of SIR on endothelial dysfunction and the effect of inflammation- modulating therapy.
C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nutritional Status ; Prognosis ; Reaction Time ; Renal Dialysis ; Vasodilation

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of red algae Gloiopeltis tenax (GT). GT was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into four different types: methanol (GTMM), hexane (GTMH), butanol (GTMB) and aqueous (GTMA) soluble fractions. The antioxidant activity of the fractions from GT was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of GT against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Among the four fractions of GT, GTMM and GTMB showed a marked scavenging effect against ROS, but they displayed very low levels of the scavenging effect against RNS. The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the various solvent layers, the GTMM and GTMB showed strong antimicrobial activities.
Methanol ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Rhodophyta

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of scoliosis in volleyball athletes and compare this with the prevalence in the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen volleyball athletes who had been enrolled in the activity for more than one year were examined for prevalence of scoliosis. The Adams forward bending test was performed with a measurement of the truncal asymmetry using a scoliometer (Orthopaedic System, Inc, USA). Those atheletes who showed more than 5degreesof measurement were selected for an X-ray evaluation. Data from a randomized point prevalence survey of Korean Middle school students (46,428) in Seoul City, which had been performed by our department, was adopted for the control group. RESULTS: Among the 116 volleyball players, 60 (51.7%) showed more than a 5degreesof angle of trunk rotation, whereas controls of middle school students showed 2.5%. Cobb's angle more than 10degrees was 6 (5.17%) in athletes and the control group was 465 (1.0%). Despite higher frequency of prevalence, the Cobb' angle was below 15degrees whereas the control group showed a severe scoliosis which of Cobb's angle reaching to 45degrees. CONCLUSION: Volleyball athletes showed a higher incidence of truncal asymmetry and scoliotic spinal columns than the control group. However, we were able to conclude that asymmetrical muscle development can produce a mild scoliosis. However this doesn't have the potential for a severe progression as found in some cases of idiopathic scoliosis.
Athletes* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Muscle Development ; Prevalence ; Scoliosis* ; Seoul ; Spine ; Volleyball*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For the endoscopic treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS), it has been a drawback to use plastic stents or uncovered self-expandable metal stents. We investigated the efficacy and safety of temporary placing fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) in BBS. METHODS: We enrolled 12 cases that followed up more than 6 months after insertion of a FCSEMS in BBS via ERCP. The cohort consisted of 9 patients with recurrent cholangitis, 2 patients with postcholecystectomy and 1 patient with chronic pancreatitis. The efficacy was assessed according to the resolution of strictures and also the restricture after stent removal, and the safety was evaluated according to the complications associated with stent placement. Finally, the removability of FCSEMSs was assessed. RESULTS: The median time of FCSEMS placement was 6.0 months. Resolution of the BBS was confirmed in 8 cases (67%) after a median post-removal follow-up of 8.5 months. Restricture after stent removal happened in 4 cases (33%). The complications were severe abdominal pain (n=2), pancreatic abscess (n=1) and stent migration (n=6). In 7 cases, all the FCSEMSs were successfully removed by grasping them with forceps. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary placement of a FCSEMS in BBS showed good therapeutic effects, relative safety and easy removability. Further evaluation is needed for determining the causes of restricture and for developing a new stent with antimigration features.
Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Cohort Studies ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Plastics ; Stents