No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Lower Extremity

Polands syndrome is a congenital disorder associated with thoracic anomalies and ipsilateral syndactly. It was described first by Alfred Poland in 1841 year. We has been experienced 2 cases of Polands Syndrome recently. Two cases were male. Each case revealed one side thoracic muscle anomalies, that is, absence of sternocostal head of pectorails major with hypoplasia of nipple and, breast, and ipsilateral syndactyly with partial aplasia and hypoplasia of midphalanges.
Breast ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Nipples ; Poland ; Syndactyly

In treatment of infected ununited fractures of the tibia, We have solved this disastrous problems by posterior bone graft through posterolateral approach. By this posterior bone graft, We can achieve both bone union and infection contral simultaneously. The results were as follows: 1. Total cases of the infected ununited fractures were 17 cases, among them 16 cases were open fracture initially. 2. They occured more commonly in young adult, 7 cases(41%) were in 4th decade, and all cases were male. 3. Tibial union was achieved in 16 cases and one patient can not walk without brace due to ain on fracture site. 4. Infection was cleared in 16 cases, but one case had intermittent drainage of pus. 5. The most common complication was stiffness of the ankle and tarsal joint. 6. There was no infection in grafted bone.
Ankle ; Braces ; Drainage ; Fractures, Open ; Fractures, Ununited ; Humans ; Male ; Suppuration ; Tarsal Joints ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Follow-Up Studies*

OBJECTIVES: Parents of child neuropsychiatic patients may have many stresses due to their children's illness. Characteristics and severity of diseases will influence to the stresses of parents. The authors investigated various factors and parents' social support having an effect on the parenting stress. METHODS: Children and parents in outpatients interviewed and completed measures assessing children's problem behaviors, parenting stress, general social support, and support related to parenting by Child Behavior Checklist, Parenting Stress Index, Medical Outcomes Study's Social Support Scale, and Parenting Support Scale. RESULTS: We could not find the differences in the total scores of CBCL, Social Support Scale, and Parenting Stress Index among major diagnostic groups. In the same diagnosis, no difference of parenting stress was found according to general social support. Parenting stress highly correlated with severity of problem behaviors measured by CBCL. CONCLUSION: Severity of problem behaviors perceived by parents most predicted parenting stress. Parenting stress correlated with support to parenting, but not with general social support. Managing of children's problem behaviors is the most immediate and effective method to diminish the parental stress of child neuropsychiatric patients.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Parenting* ; Parents*

PURPOSE: In the initiation and progression of the atherosclerosis many factors are related each other. The individual variations also complicate the prediction of the atherosclerotic process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphologic changes by angiography in iliac arterial segments of the patients who had received bypass operation for the infrainguinal atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities. METHODS: Forty-five common iliac artery (CIAs) and forty-two external iliac arteries (EIAs) in twenty nine male patients who underwent angiography for graft failure of lower extremity bypass surgery was included in this retrospective study, and their clinical chart and angiographic findings of iliac arteries were reviewed. Acute arterial occlusive cases were excluded from this study. The mean interval from the previous bypass surgery was 38.9 months (from 6 to 96 months) and the patient ages ranged from 34 to 81 years (average age 59 years). It was considered as change, that is disease progression, when luminal narrowing of iliac artery was more than 25% compared to the previous angiography at bypass surgery. RESULTS: Of 45, fifteen CIAs (33.3%) showed change. In 3 patients, the change was bilateral; in 4, ipsilateral to the failed graft limb; and in 5, contralateral. Considering EIAs, 13 of 42 (31.0%) were changed. In 1 patient, the change was bilateral; in 6, ipsilateral to the failed graft limb; and in 5, contralateral. Therefore the side of the changed iliac arteries had no statistical significance in relation to the side of limb at which graft failure occurred (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between age or interval between bypass operation and repeat angiography and the progression of atherosclerosis of iliac arteries. CONCLUSION: The progression of atherosclerosis is not dominated in iliac arteries ipsilateral to the side in which bypass surgery was performed and graft failure occurred. In iliac artery, the short-term progression of atherosclerosis observed by angiography may vary among individuals independently withage, interval between operation and repeat angiography, and the hemodynamic change of the infrainguinal arteries.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Disease Progression ; Extremities ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Phenobarbital ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of muscarinic cholinergic receptors of posterior hypothalamus in the central blood pressure regulation when respiration is controlled. In anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats, vasodepressor response was evoked by injection of L-glutamate (10 nmol) neuroexcitatory amino acid into the posterior hypothalamic area. The injection of carbachol (0.5 ~ 8 nmol) into the same area induced dose-dependent vasodepressor and bradycardic responses. Pretreatment with atropine (4 nmol) completely blocked the vasodepressor response to carbachol (2 nmol). In contrast, in spontaneously breathing rats, the injection of carbachol (8 nmol) into the posterior hypothalamic area induced the vasopressor and tachycardic responses. These results suyggest that the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the posterior hypothalamic area primarily play an inhibitory role in the central regulation of blood pressure and heart rate.
Animals ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Carbachol ; Glutamic Acid ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hypothalamus, Posterior ; Rats* ; Receptors, Cholinergic* ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Respiration

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research was to attempt to examine ethnic and cultural differences in factors associated with disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. METHODS: Data were collected from the four groups of 3,129 high school students aged between 13 and 16 years who completed school-based survey conducted in 1996. The students(663 Korean urban, 821 Korean rural, 830 Korean-Chinese and 815 Chinese adolescents) completed an instrument which assessed weight, height, Body Mass Index(BMI), parental income, father's level of education, weight control questionnaire, Body Image Scale(BIS), and eating attitudes and behaviors using the Eating Attitude Test-26(EAT-26). RESULTS: BMI did not vary significantly by race, sex, and socioeconomic status. There were many severely underweight and severely overweight students among Korean-Chinese and Chinese than among Korean urban and Korean rural students. The EAT-26 mean scores of Korean-Chinese and Chinese subjects were significantly higher than those of Korean urban and Korean rural subjects. The EAT-26 mean score of Korean-Chinese was the highest among the four racial groups. The prevalence of high risk EAT-26(EAT-26> or =20) students of Korean-Chinese was 6.9% which was the highest among the four groups. The BIS mean scores of Korean rural and Korean urban subjects were significantly higher than those of Korean-Chinese and Chinese subjects. The Korean subjects were more dissatisfied with their body than the Chinese. The prevalences of weight control behaviors were 26.7% in Korean urban, 23.2% in Korean rural, 10.6% in Korean-Chinese, and 4.6% in Chinese subjects. Dieting and exercise were most popular for weight reducing in Korean subjects. Dieting and drug use were most popular in Chinese subjects. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there must be many eating disorder patients in Korea and China, and the eating attitudes and behaviors are influenced by ethnic and cultural factors. Implications for understanding sociocultural influence on eating attitudes and behaviors and acculturation are discussed.
Acculturation ; Adolescent* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Body Image ; China ; Continental Population Groups ; Cross-Cultural Comparison* ; Diet ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Eating* ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Overweight ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Class ; Thinness

BACKGROUND: Tracheal Gas Insufflation (TGI) is one of the newer ancillary measures in mechanical ventilation employed to enhance carbon dioxide elimination.7G1 exerts its effect through reduction of deadspace ventilation, but the factors determining its effect are not well studied yet. METHOD: The subjects were seven mechanically-ventilated patients (58.8+/-10.6 yrs) who showed increased Physiologic deadspace greater than 60%. After 30 min of stabilization with 100% oxygen on pressure control ventilation, continuous flow TGI was administered via the insufflation lumen of Hi-Lo Jet Tracheal Tube (Mallincrodt, USA) for 15 min at 3 L/min and 5 L/min each. RESULTS: PaCO2 was decreased (51.4+/-17.6 at baseline,49.1+/-18.9 at TGI 3 L/min, 45.0+/- 14.9 mmHg at TGI 5 L/min, p=0.050), and pH was increased (7.37+/-0.12, 7.38+/-0.13, 7.39+/-0.12, respectively, p=0.037) while mixed expired CO2 (PECO2) was not changed significantly from baseline (p=0.336) by TGI. Physiologic deadspace(Vdphy) was decreased (73.0+/-7.9% at baseline, 69.8+/-10.0% at TGI 3 L/min, and 67.1+/-10.1% at TGI 5 L/mi% p=0.015). AaDO2(p=0.147), Vt(p=0.2140), Pmean(p=0.7788) and mean arterial pressure(p=0.4169) were not changed. The correlation between % maximal decrease of Vdphy were r=0.790 with the ratio of baseline Vdana/vdphy(p=0.035) and r=-0.754 with baseline Vdalv(p=0.050). CONCLUSION: TGI was effective in reducing PaCO2 and deadspace, and the deadspace-reducing effect was best correlated with baseline anatomic/physiologic deadspace ratio.
Carbon Dioxide ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Insufflation* ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial ; Ventilation

Chronic hepatitis C is common complication in patients with end stage renal failure and relative contraindication to renal transplantation due to risk of progression. Although interferon alpha (IFN) treatment is proven to be effective in chronic hepatitis C with normal renal function, its effect on the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in dialysis patients and renal allograft recipients is not clear. We studied this study to evaluate the effect of IFN on chronic hepatitis C in patients with chronic renal failure and renal allograft recipients. Four dialysis patients and 2 renal allograft recipients were included in this study. The patients received IFN 3 million units three times a week for 6 months. All patients with showed normal levels of liver enzymes and seronegative conversion of HCV RNA. But seropositive conversion of HCV RNA was observed 1 dialysis patient after stopping of IFN treatment due to gross hematuria and epistaxis. Two dialysis patients had successful renal transplantation, and liver enzyme levels were normal and HCV RNA was negative after 2 months. In conclusion, IFN treatment is not only effective on the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in dialysis patients and renal allograft recipients but also may offer the potential of making transplantation a feasible option for chronic hepatitis C patients with end stage renal failure.
Allografts* ; Dialysis ; Epistaxis ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha* ; Interferons* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver ; Renal Insufficiency ; RNA