A Cerebrovascular accident(CVA), or Stroke is a medical emergency that occurred when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or blocked. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder. Also the stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness, sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between perceived social support and hope of stroke survivors. The subjects for this study were 100 out-patients with stroke in one general hospital and oriental medicine hospital located in Mokpo. The data were analysed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Data were collected from July 11 to September 9, 2000, using a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study: The social support scale developed by Park, Ji-won(1985) and the hope scale developed by Miller(1988). The results were as follows. 1. It was found that the higher the degree of perceived social support, the higher the degree of hope(r= .726, p= .000). Therefore hypothesis was supported. 2. The mean score of perceived social support was n.8(SD=21.0) with a score range from 27.0 to 104.0. 3. The mean score of perceived hope was 117.0(SD=25.7) with a score range from 57.0 to 160.0. 4. The level of social support depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=3.131. p= .010), degree of income satisfaction(F= 16.027, p= ,000). 5. The level of hope depending on general characteristics were significantly different in variables such as marital status(t=2.681. p= .040), current job(t=-2.055, p= .043) degree of income, satisfaction(F=11.363, p= .000). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and hope. The stroke survivors need social support to inspire their hope. Nurses should plan interventions to enhance social support for patients with stroke. The above results may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and rehabilitation for the patients with stroke.
Brain ; Emergencies ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Hope* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke* ; Survivors*

This case report describes a patient with semipedunclated granuylar cell tumor(granular cell myoblastoma) of the proximal ascending colon removed by endoscopic polypectomy. A 39-year old femalie was visited to our hospital for intermittent abdominal pain and loose stool. Colonoscopic examination showed a semipedunclated lesion covered with yellowish white smooth mucosa in the proximal ascending colon. The tumor was removed by endoscopic polypectomy. The collected specimen was 0.9x0.8 cm in size. The cut surface of the specimen showed a white round firm tumor covered with mormal epithelium of the colon. Using immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were to be positively stained by S-100 protein and negatively stained by desmin, which supports the concept of the Schwann cell origin of granular cell tumor. In Korea, 2 cases of granular cell tumor of the colon and rectum, which were treated by surgical removal, have been reported. This case in the first endoscopic polypectomy of granular cell tumor of the colon and retum in Korea. The endoscopic polypectomy is thought to be useful for the therapy of small pedunclated or semipedunclated granular cell tumor, intracolonic type.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending* ; Desmin ; Epithelium ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectum ; S100 Proteins

In the present study, we investigated influences of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta on the development and/or progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We used transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutant (SOD1G93A) as an in vivo model of ALS and examined expressional changes of GSK3beta immunohistochemically in the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum. With these experiments we demonstrate that the neurons in these regions of symptomatic SOD1G93A transgenic mice showed increased GSK3beta immunoreactivities compared with wild-type SOD1 transgenic mice. In contrast to symptomatic SOD1G93A transgenic mice, few GSK3beta immunoreactivity changes were detected in 8w- and 13w-old presymptomatic SOD1G93A transgenic mice. These data suggest the possibility that GSK3 functions as a modulating factor of apoptosis-related alterations in ALS and that GSK3beta exert differential functions in the development and/or progression of ALS. But the exact functional significances of these changes require further elucidation.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System* ; Cerebellum ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases* ; Glycogen Synthase* ; Glycogen* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic* ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord ; Superoxide Dismutase

Diverticular disease of the colon is frequently involved in Western countries, which in korea, it is regarding as rare disease. In Western the diverticulosis is mainly affected on left side and increasing in according to age and false type is more frequent than ture type. While in oriental countries, the diverticulosis of the colon is mainly affected on right side and it is more frequent in younger patients. Cecal diverticulitis is known to a very rare disease and very difficult to be differenciated from acute scopy has purnished another useful tool in the differential diagnosis of diverticular disease. We experienced a case of cecal diverticultitis which had been diagnosed by colonofiberscopy and reviewed literatures briefly.
Colon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulitis* ; Diverticulum ; Humans ; Korea ; Rare Diseases

The authors developed a computerized documentation system to record and store all the data pertaining to an endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract. The system was programmed using the database management system Clipper Version 5.01. It is easy and convenient to use due to advanced deaign of input screen using menu bars and pull down menu and windows. The system was designed to permit the easy storage and retrieval of data by personnel who lack computer skills and who may only have limited typing ability. Today this system has been in daily use for 1 year at the endoscopic units of 8 different branch hospitals of Catholic university,medical college. Overall the experience in these centers has been positive, with excelient or good participation. Characteristics of this system are a menu-driven system, data input by predefined list, instantaneous report generation, on line access to previous examination, late entry of yathologic regerts. and record retrieval, listing according to different criteria. For the description of endoscopic findings and diagnosis, structured input is maintained. All of the findings are chosen from predefined list using pop-up screen and also free text typing is allowed. Therefore time effort was not increased compared to conventional documentation. Structured input and the resulting categorical data affer several advantages.
Database Management Systems ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hospitals, Satellite ; Information Systems

OBJECTIVES: School refusal can result from various causes; temperament, familial influences, and school experiences have been identified. This study was to compare family, school and psychological functioning in school-refusing adolescents and non-refusing ones. METHODS: Twenty-four school refusing outpatients aged 13-17 years were evaluated from May, 1998 to January, 1999. They completed self-report questionnaires, including Parent Bonding Instrument, Family Environment Scale, Index of Marital Satisfaction, Scales for School-related Distress, Center-for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, The Failure and Criticism Factor of Fear Survey Schedule from Children-revised. Their scores were compared with nonrefusers. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) School refusers perceived their family as more independence and achievement-oriented than nonrefusers. 2) School refusers did not differ significantly from nonrefusers in school-related distress. 3) School refusers had more depression than nonrefusers. 4) School refusers claimed more fear of having to go to school, and having to stay after school than nonrefusers. On the other hand, nonrefusers expressed greater apprehension about situations such as Being called on by the teacher, Getting poor grades, Failing a test, and Taking a test. CONCLUSION: The results suggested two postulated mechanisms of school refusals (overprotection and demanding of independence of parents) and possible causes of each result were discussed.
Adolescent* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Depression ; Disulfiram ; Hand ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament ; Weights and Measures

Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon cause of obstructive jaundice. It consists of the following elements: (1) an anatomic arrangement of the cystic duct such that it lies almost parallel to the common hepatic duct, (2) impaction of a gallstone in the cystic duct or neck of the gall bladder, (3) partial mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct by the stone itself or the resulting inflammatory reaction, and (4) recurrent cholangitis or ultimately cholangitic cirrhosis due to the partial obstruction. (continue...)
Cholangitis ; Cystic Duct ; Fibrosis ; Gallstones ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Mirizzi Syndrome* ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is regarded as a rare malignant neoplasm composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Esophageal carcinosarcoma classified into 3 subgroups, pseudosarcoma, so called carcinosarcoma, and true carcinosarcoma. we report a case of large polypoid tumor consist of squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiatred small cell and spindle cell proliferation. The patient was 47 year-old man who had suffered from dysphasia and substernal chest pain for 2 months. A protruded tumor in size of 8x4x3.5 cm with stalk was found in midesophagus at the level of 28 cm from the incisor. The tumor was round with smooth surface stained with Lugol solution. There were multiple erosions at the stalk of the tumor, Partial esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy was done, Undifferentiated small cell was confirmed by immunoreactivity to neuron specific enolase and electron microscopic findings.
Aphasia ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Structures* ; Chest Pain ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Middle Aged ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to investigate the health status, the currency of rehabilitation therapy, and the patient learning needs on hospital with disabilities. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 87 disabled adults on hospital. Data was collected from February until to June 2005, where they asked structured questionnaires. A descriptive survey design was used and the SPSS 12.0 program was used for data analysis, which included t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison test. RESULT: There are a lot of patient through the transfer from the general hospital and the rehabilitation hospital. Their heath status changed good after hospital admission. Patients took exercise therapy the most, which is one of the rehabilitation therapy. But they need to enough physical therapy because patients have limited time for treatment. The education-need-level was high on hospital with disabilities, especially the need of support and care are the highest on the subscale of patient learning need. There are significant patient learning need differences in income and admission location (p< .05). CONCLUSION: Disabled persons on hospital needs to help and learning exercise by nurses. There should be rehabilitation programs for patients who are ready to leave the hospital. After discharging, there needs to be various rehabilitation services, support and care for the community based rehabilitation.
Adult ; Disabled Persons ; Exercise Therapy ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Learning ; Patient Education as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation* ; Statistics as Topic

In the evaluation of the source of occult bleeding, it is mandatory that the small bowel be investigated. But, the small bowel is the area where endoscopic approach is most difficult. The endoscopic evaluation of the small intestine has rapidly evolved over the last 10 years and now includes many of the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of standard endoscopic procedures. Various techniques have been developed, including fiberoptic sonde enteroscopy, retrograde ileoscopy, intraoperative enteroscopy, "push" enteroscopy using a pediatric colonoscope, and video enterocopy. Therefore, the small bowel enteroscope has shown great promise in the evaluation of obscure or persistent gastrointestinal bleeding. We have experienced a case of bleeding from jejunal leiomyosarcoma, which diagnosed with small bowel enteroscopy. So we report the case with a brief review of literature.
Colonoscopes ; Hemorrhage* ; Intestine, Small ; Leiomyosarcoma*