Objective To search for the factors which may be responsible to the increase in plasma homocysteine(Hcy)levels after surgery.Methods Blood samples were taken from 40 patients(20 patients with coronary artery bypass and the remainders with off-pump coronary artery bypass)1 day before operation and 1,3,5 and 7 day(s)after operation.Hcy,copper,ceruloplasmin,ferrei ion,folate,vitamin B12 and C-reactive protein(CRP)were then measured using clinical chemistry methods.Results The plasma concentrations of ceruloplasmin,copper and Hcy increased significantly at 3rd,4th and 6th day after operation respectively.The plasma concentrations of ferreous ion and vitamin B12 declined obviously at 3rd day after operation,and then increased slowly.In contrast,the plasma concentration of CRP increased significantly at 3rd day after operation,then decreased gradually to normal level.No significant changes were found in folate level before and after operation.Those findings mentioned above showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions The increased plasma concentration of Hcy after operation may be caused by the internal metabolism of copper rather than by the coronary artery bypass.

70 years, history of stroke, and a tear of the pleura. Conclusions The incidence of AF in CABG and off-pump CABG were almost similar. Old age of the patient was the pathological basis for developing AF, and the history of stroke and a tear of the pleura were the predisposing factors.

Objective To analyze the hemodynamic changes during coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Thirty patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting from January to June,2006 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,12 patients were operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass(CCABG)and 18 without cardiopulmonary bypass(OPCAB).The stabilizator(type Octops III)was used to fix target vessels in OPCAB group.In CCBAG group,the extracorporeal circulation was used routinely,and internal mammary artery and saphenous vein were used to anastomose with target branches of coronary artery.The hemodynamic changes at different time points during and after operation were monitored,and the relevant parameters were also recorded.Results The anaesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and fluid input,and ventilating time after operation in CCABG group were significantly higher than those in OPCAB group,and the postoperative haematocrit(HCT)was significantly lower in CCABG group than that in OPCAB group(P

Objective To sum up the experiences in radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) in infancy.Methods One hundred and twenty-two infants(82 males and 46 females,6 months to 2 years old) suffered from TOF were treated with radical surgery from January 1996 to December 2007.Median sternotomy was routinely performed in all patients,and a longitudinal incision of right ventricular outflow tract was made to widen the conduit adequately,the ventricular septal defect was closed with polyfluortetraethylene patch,and the outflow conduit was reconstructed by autologous pericardial patch.Modified ultrafiltration technique was adopted routinely before cardiopulmonary bypass termination.Results Seven of the 128 infants died after operation with the early mortality of 5.5%.The death causes were: severe low cardiac output syndrome(n=2),severe pulmonary complications(n=4) and multiple organ failure(n=1).The major post-operative complications included 12 cases of low cardiac output syndrome,5 cases of atelectasis and 6 cases of perfusion lung.Conclusions The preferable operative age of radical surgery for TOF is about 1 year old,and the clinical outcome could be satisfactory.Low cardiac output syndrome and severe respiratory complications are the major problems after radical surgery for TOF in infants.

Objective To compare the results of three kinds of heart preservative fluids,namely histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution,Fuwai modified solution(FWM)and St.Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution number 2(St.Thomas-Ⅱ)for the preservation of isolated rat hearts under low temperature.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into HTK,FWM and ST-Ⅱ groups(18 each),and each group was divided into three subgroups(6 each)according to different duration of preservation under low temperature(4,6 and 8 hours).The hearts were harvested and then mounted on the Langendorff apparatus and perfused with K-H buffer solution for determination of the baseline hemodynamic values(HR,LVSP,?dp/dtmax and CF).The isolated hearts were then arrested and stored in different preservative solution as mentioned at 4℃ for 4,6 or 8 hours.The hemodynamic values were measured before cardiac arrest and after cardiac reperfusion in Langendoff model,and the recovery rates of the values were calculated.The hearts were finally sectioned after reperfusion for the observation of morphological changes with light microscope.Results With the same hypothermic preservation time,the recovery rates of hemodynamic values were significantly higher,and the changes in myocardial structures were obviously less in HTK and FWM groups than in ST-Ⅱ group(P0.05).Conclusions HTK and FWM solutions are more effective than St.Thomas-Ⅱsolution in preservation of isolated heart under low temperature with the same storage duration.The effect of HTK solution for preservation of isolated heart descended with the prolongation of preservation time,especially so after 8 hours.

Object To analyse genetic polymorphism in DNA level of three species and determine them in molecular level by using of the optimization of Citrus medica cv. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle RAPD reaction.Methods RAPD reactions were performed under the following conditions:template DNA 10～100 ng/?L, 3.0～5.0 mmol/L MgCl 2, 200 ?mol/L dNTP,0.2 ?mol/L 10 mer Primer, lunit Taq Polymerase/25 ?L reaction volume.Results Twelve efficient and stable primers were selected from 38 primers. Phenograms were constructed by using genetic distance UPGMA method. Based on the results of the RAPD analysis and on a review of morphological characterisitic, C. medica cv. sarcodactylis species BAIHUAQINGPI could be used as BAIHUABAIPI in three species, there were some special amplified bands in every RAPD reactions from different species. Conclusion This method could serve as an easy and highly efficient method for C. medica cv. sarcodactylis genetic polymorphism and molecular identification of species.

Objective To optimize the preparation technology ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ in situ nasal thermosensitive gel by the central composite design-response surface method.Methods In the design, the investigation factors were the amounts of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188, and the evaluation index was the gel temperature. Quadratic models were used to evaluate the mathematic relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes to identify the optimum prescription, and then the optimum prescription was verified. Results According to the quadratic models, it was found that there was reliable quantitative relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes, among which the optimum dosage was 19.37% for poloxamer 407 and 2.73% for poloxamer 188.Conclusion The optimum model ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ nasal thermosensitive gel can be obtained from central composite design-response surface method based on quadratic models. This method is reliable and feasible, which can realize the prescription optimization of the in situ gel.

OBJECTIVETo compare the perioperative release levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) between off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) or conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) in an attempt to detect myocardial injury.

METHODSFifty-nine patients with instable angina underwent coronary artery bypass grafting by OPCAB in 34 patients aged (59.15 +/- 1.71) years or CCABG in 25 patients, aged (54.46 +/- 1.81) years.

RESULTSBaseline characteristics were similar. The number of grafts was similar (OPCAB, mean 2.90; CCABG, mean 3.2), and no patient died. Postoperative myocardial serum enzyme measures were significantly lower in OPCAB, suggesting less myocardial injury. OPCAB patients did not receive blood transfusion, and had higher hematocrit at discharge. Most of OPCAB patients were extubated in 4 hours.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with CCABG, OPCAB may achieve similar outcomes; it reduces transfusion volume and creates less myocardial injury.

Cardiomyopathies ; blood ; etiology ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Troponin T ; blood

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results.

METHODSForty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6∓5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2∓29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0∓21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9∓0.6.

RESULTSForty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5∓10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3∓16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8% for the LIMA and 90.5% for the GSV.

CONCLUSIONDespite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; surgery ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; Aortic Valve ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

SUN gene is a group of key genes regulating plant growth and development. Here, SUN gene families of strawberry were identified from the genome of the diploid Fragaria vesca, and their physicochemical properties, genes structure, evolution and genes expression were also analyzed. Our results showed that there were thirty-one FvSUN genes in F. vesca and the FvSUNs encoded proteins were classified into seven groups, and the members in the same group showed high similarity in gene structures and conservative motifs. The electronic subcellular localization of FvSUNs was mainly in the nucleus. Collinearity analysis showed that the members of FvSUN gene family were mainly expanded by segmental duplication in F. vesca, and Arabidopsis and F. vesca shared twenty-three pairs of orthologous SUN genes. According to the expression pattern in different tissues shown by the transcriptome data of F. vesca, the FvSUNs gene can be divided into three types: (1) expressed in nearly all tissues, (2) hardly expressed in any tissues, and (3) expressed in special tissues. The gene expression pattern of FvSUNs was further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the seedlings of F. vesca were treated by different abiotic stresses, and the expression level of 31 FvSUNs genes were assayed by qRT-PCR. The expression of most of the tested genes was induced by cold, high salt or drought stress. Our studies may facilitate revealing the biological function and molecular mechanism of SUN genes in strawberry.
Fragaria/metabolism* ; Genes, Plant ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Arabidopsis/genetics* ; Plant Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism*